Ngaba ii-Antibiotic ziyanceda umkhuhlane? Olunye unyango

Umxholo

• Isebenza njani i-antibiotics
• Malunga nomkhuhlane
• Malunga nokumelana nezifo
• Ngaba ii-antibiotics zihlala ziluncedo xa unomkhuhlane?
• Iintsholongwane zokunyanga umkhuhlane
• Olunye unyango lomkhuhlane
• Phumla
• Hlanganisa amanzi
• Thatha okuphelisa ukuphelisa iintlungu
• Yise kude

Ushwankathelo

Umkhuhlane (“umkhuhlane”) sisifo sokuphefumla esiye sixhaphake ngexesha lokwindla nasebusika enyakeni.

Ukugula kunokuba ngumthwalo obalulekileyo ngeli xesha, kubangele kungekuphela nje iintsuku zomsebenzi kunye nesikolo, kodwa nezibhedlele.

Umzekelo, kwixesha lomkhuhlane ka-2016-2017, kuqikelelwa ukuba zingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-30 izehlo zomkhuhlane eMelika. Oku kukhokelele kutyelelo olungaphaya kwezigidi ezili-14 loogqirha kunye nokubanjwa esibhedlele okungama-600,000.

Ke ungenza ntoni ukulwa nomkhuhlane wakube unayo? Ngaba ugqirha wakho angakunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane?

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ayisiyondlela efanelekileyo yokunyanga umkhuhlane. Funda ukuze ufunde ukuba kutheni.

Isebenza njani i-antibiotics

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngamachiza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwebacteria.

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1800, abaphandi baqala ukubona ukuba ezinye iikhemikhali bezisebenza ngokunyanga usulelo. Emva koko, ngo-1928, uAlexander Fleming wafumanisa ukuba kukho ukungunda IPenicillium notatum Ungcolise enye yeenkcubeko zakhe ezenziwe ngegciwane. Ifungus ishiye indawo engenabacteria kwindawo ekhule kuyo.

Oku kufumanisa kuya kuthi ekugqibeleni kukhokelele kuphuhliso lwe-penicillin, iyeza lokuqala elivela kwindalo ukuba liveliswe.

Namhlanje, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-antibiotics. Zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulwa ibacteria, kubandakanya:

• ukuyeka iiseli zebacteria ekukhuleni kakuhle kodonga lweseli yazo
• Ukuthintela ukuveliswa kweeproteni ngaphakathi kweseli yebacteria
• kuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kwee-bacterial nucleic acid, ezinje ngeDNA kunye neRNA

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anyanga usulelo lwebacteria, kodwa awasebenzi ngokuchasene neentsholongwane.

Malunga nomkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane.

Isasazeka ikakhulu ngamathontsi okuphefumla akhutshelwa emoyeni xa umntu owosulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Ukuba uphefumlela la machaphaza, ungosuleleka.

Le ntsholongwane inokusasazeka ukuba uthe wadibana nezinto ezingcolileyo okanye imiphezulu, enjengee-doorknobs kunye nezibambo zompompo. Ukuba uchukumisa indawo engcolileyo kwaye uchukumise ubuso bakho, umlomo, okanye impumlo, unokosulelwa.

Isifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane sinokuthamba ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima kwaye kubandakanya iimpawu ezinje:

• ifiva
• Ukugodola
• ukukhohlela
• impumlo egudileyo okanye exineneyo
• umqala obuhkungu
• iintlungu zomzimba
• ukudinwa okanye ukudinwa
• intloko ebuhlungu

Kuba umkhuhlane sisifo sentsholongwane, ii-antibiotics azizukunceda ukunyanga.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, unokumiselwa ukuba unikwe i-antibiotics xa unomkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, oku kungenxa yokuba ugqirha wakho wayekrokrela ukuba uza kuba nosulelo lwesibini lwebhakteria.

Malunga nokumelana nezifo

Ukuxhathisa kwe-Antibiotic kuxa iintsholongwane ziqhela kwaye zinganyangeki kwiintsholongwane. Ngamanye amaxesha, iibacteria zinokunganyangeki kwiintsholongwane ezininzi. Oku kwenza ukuba ezinye izifo kube nzima kakhulu ukunyanga.

Ukuchasana kunokwenzeka xa iibhaktheriya zivezwa kaninzi kwi-antibiotic efanayo. Iibhaktheriya ziqala ukulungelelanisa kwaye zomelele ukuxhathisa iziphumo zentsholongwane kwaye zisinde. Xa iintlobo zebhakteria ezinganyangekiyo zintsholongwane zikhula, zinokuqala ukusasazeka kwaye zibangele ukusuleleka kunyango olunzima.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuthatha ii-antibiotics ezingafunekiyo kusulelo lwentsholongwane kunokwenza ingozi engaphezulu kunokulunga. Oogqirha bazama ukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuba unosulelo lwebhaktiriya olufuna unyango ngala mayeza.

Ngaba ii-antibiotics zihlala ziluncedo xa unomkhuhlane?

Enye yeengxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yomkhuhlane kukuphuhlisa ukosuleleka kwintsholongwane, kubandakanya:

• usulelo lwendlebe
• usulelo lwesono
• inyumoniya yentsholongwane

Ngelixa indlebe yebacteria okanye usulelo lwe-sinus inokuba yingxaki encinci, inyumoniya ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye inokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele.

Ukuba ukhula usulelo lwesibini lwebacteria njengengxaki evela kumkhuhlane, ugqirha wakho uya kukuyalela amayeza okunyanga.

Iintsholongwane zokunyanga umkhuhlane

Nangona amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane engasebenzi ngokuchasene nomkhuhlane, kukho amayeza antiviral anokuyalelwa ngugqirha wakho ngexesha elithile.

Ukuba la machiza aqaliswe kwisithuba seentsuku ezimbini zokuba neempawu zomkhuhlane, anokunceda ekwenzeni iimpawu zakho zingaphantsi okanye zinciphise ixesha lokugula kwakho.

Amachiza antiviral akhoyo ukunyanga umkhuhlane aquka:

• oseltamivir (iTamiflu)
• zanamivir (Relenza)
• i-peramivir (iRipivab)

Kukho iyeza elitsha elibizwa ngokuba yi-baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza). Eli chiza le-antiviral lenziwe yinkampani yamayeza yaseJapan, evunyiweyo ngo-Okthobha u-2018, kwaye ngoku iyafumaneka ukuze inyange abantu abaneminyaka eli-12 nangaphezulu abanempawu zomkhuhlane ezingekho ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-48.

Amanye amachiza antiviral, kubandakanya i-oseltamivir, i-zanamivir, kunye ne-peramivir, asebenza ngokuthintela intsholongwane ukuba ikhutshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiseli esosulelekileyo. Olu thintelo luthintela amasuntswana egciwane asandul 'ukwenziwa ukuba ahambe kwindlela yokuphefumla ukuze osulele iiseli ezisempilweni.

Iyeza elisandula ukuvunywa ngasentla, iXofluza, lisebenza ngokunciphisa amandla wentsholongwane okuphindaphinda. Kodwa aziqheleki kangako ukuba ugqithe umkhuhlane, kwaye awuyibulali intsholongwane yomkhuhlane.

Ayilulo amayeza antiviral afana nalawo achazwe apha ngasentla, kodwa iyeza lokuthintela umkhuhlane lonyaka liyafumaneka minyaka le kwaye yeyona ndlela yokuthintela ukugula ngumkhuhlane.

Olunye unyango lomkhuhlane

Ngaphandle kokuthatha amayeza antiviral, eyona ndlela yokufumana umkhuhlane kukuvumela ukuba usulelo luqhube ikhosi yalo ngokutyibilikayo. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokukunceda ekuvuseleleni kwakhona:

Phumla

Qiniseka ukuba ulala ngokwaneleyo. Oku kuya kunceda umzimba wakho ukuba ulwe nosulelo.

Hlanganisa amanzi

Sela ulwelo oluninzi, njengamanzi, umhluzi ofudumeleyo kunye neencindi. Oku kunceda ukuthintela ukuba ungabi namanzi emzimbeni.

Thatha okuphelisa ukuphelisa iintlungu

Amayeza, anje nge-ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) okanye i-acetaminophen (iTylenol), anokunceda ngomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye neentlungu ezihlala zikhona xa unomkhuhlane.

Yise kude

Njalo ebusika, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane kubangela izigidi zamatyala omkhuhlane. Ngenxa yokuba umkhuhlane sisifo sentsholongwane, ii-antibiotics ayizizo iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokunyanga.

Xa iqalile kwiintsuku zokuqala zokugula, amayeza antiviral anokusebenza. Banokunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokugula. Iyeza lokuthintela umkhuhlane lonyaka ikwayindlela efanelekileyo yokuthintela ukugula ngumkhuhlane kwasekuqaleni.

Ukuba ukhula usulelo lwesibini lwebhakteria njengengxaki yomkhuhlane, ugqirha wakho unokumisela i-antibiotic efanelekileyo yokuyinyanga.