I-Anticholinergics

Umxholo

• Uluhlu lwe-anticholinergics
• Isebenza njani i-anticholinergics
• Sebenzisa
• Izilumkiso
• Ukudinwa kobushushu kunye nokubetha kobushushu
• Libanda, kunye notywala
• Ukungqubana kweemeko
• Imiphumela
• Thetha nogqirha wakho
• Umgca wezantsi

Malunga ne-anticholinergics

I-Anticholinergics sisiyobisi esivimba isenzo se. I-Acetylcholine yi-neurotransmitter, okanye umthunywa weekhemikhali. Idlulisela imiqondiso phakathi kweeseli ezithile ezichaphazela indlela osebenza ngayo umzimba wakho.

I-Anticholinergics inokunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• ukungabikho komchamo
• isinyi esingaphezulu (OAB)
• isifo esinganyangekiyo sokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga (COPD)
• iintlobo ezithile zetyhefu

Ziyanceda nokuthintela ukungahambelani kwezihlunu ezinxulumene nezifo ezithile ezinjengesifo sikaParkinson. Ngamanye amaxesha, zisetyenziswa ngaphambi kotyando ukunceda ukugcina ukusebenza komzimba ngelixa umntu ephathwa nge-anesthesia.

Funda ngoku:

• uluhlu lwamachiza anticholinergic
• ulwazi malunga nendlela abasebenza ngayo
• into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neengozi zabo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Uluhlu lwe-anticholinergics

I-Anticholinergics ifumaneka kuphela ngugqirha kagqirha. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• iatropine (Atropen)
• belladonna alkaloids
• benztropine mesylate (Cogentin)
• iklasi
• icyclopentolate (iCyclogyl)
• darifenacin (Enablex)
• dicylomine
• ifesoterodine (iToviaz)
• Iflavoxate (i-Urispas)
• glycopyrrolate
• i-hydrobromide yasekhaya
• I-hyoscyamine (iLevsinex)
• ipratropium (Atrovent)
• Orphenadrine
• Oxybutynin (Ditropan XL)
• umxholo (Pro-banthine)
• imvelaphi
• imethscopolamine
• isisombululo (VESIcare)
• tiotropium (iSpiriva)
• itolterodine (Detrol)
• zekisoft
• trospium

Nangona ihlelwe njenge-antihistamine ekufuneka ithathelwe i-allergies kunye noncedo lokulala, i-diphenhydramine (iBenadryl) nayo ineempembelelo ze-anticholinergic.

Elinye lala machiza lisebenza ukunyanga iimeko ezithile. Ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha elona chiza lilungileyo kwimeko yakho.

Ezinye ii-anticholinergics zithathwe kwizityalo zosapho lwe-nightshade olubulalayo olubizwa ngokuba yiSolanaceae. Ukutshisa iingcambu, iziqu kunye nembewu yezi zityalo kukhupha i-anticholinergics.Ukuphefumla umsi sele kusetyenzisiwe kangangamakhulu eminyaka ukunyanga isifo esihamba emoyeni.

Isebenza njani i-anticholinergics

I-Anticholinergics ibhloka i-acetylcholine ekubopheni kwii-receptors zayo kwiiseli ezithile zemithambo-luvo. Banqanda iintshukumo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-parasympathetic nerve impulses.

Ezi ntshukumisa zemithambo-luvo zinoxanduva lokuhamba kwezihlunu okungazibandakanyi kwezi:

• iphecana lesisu
• imiphunga
• indawo yokuchama
• amanye amalungu omzimba wakho

Iimpembelelo zentsholongwane zinceda ukulawula imisebenzi efana nale:

• amathe
• ukwetyisa
• ukuchama
• Ukufihla i-mucus

Ukuthintela imiqondiso ye-acetylcholine kunokuhla:

• intshukumo yemisipha engazibandakanyi
• ukwetyisa
• Ukufihla i-mucus

Kungenxa yoko le nto la machiza anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezithile, ezinje:

• ukugcina umchamo
• unomlomo owomileyo

Sebenzisa

I-Anticholinergics isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubandakanya:

• isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• isinyi kakhulu kunye nokungakwazi ukuzibamba
• iingxaki zesisu, ezifana nesifo sohudo
• umbefu
• isiyezi kunye nokugula okushukumayo
• Ityhefu ebangelwa ziityhefu ezinje nge-organophosphates okanye i-muscarine, enokufumaneka kwezinye izibulali-zinambuzane kunye nama-mushroom anetyhefu
• iimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson, ezinje ngokuhamba kwemisipha ngokungaqhelekanga okungazibandakanyiyo

I-Anticholinergics inokusetyenziswa njengezihlaziyi zemisipha ngexesha lotyando ukunceda nge-anesthesia. Bayanceda:

• gcina ukubetha kwentliziyo eqhelekileyo
• phumla umntu
• ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamathe

Abanye oogqirha bamisela i-anticholinergics yokusetyenziswa kwelebheli ekuncedeni ukunciphisa ukubila okugqithisileyo. I-anticholinergics esetyenziswa kakhulu kolu nyango zezi:

• ukhilimu we-glycopyrrolate
• Amacwecwe omlomo e-oxybutynin

Izilumkiso

Njengamayeza amaninzi, i-anticholinergics iza nezilumkiso ezininzi.

Ukudinwa kobushushu kunye nokubetha kobushushu

Ianticholinergics iyancipha ukuba ubile kangakanani, kunokubangela ukuba ubushushu bomzimba wakho bunyuke. Ngelixa uthatha elinye lala machiza, lumka ngakumbi ukuba ungadinwa ngexesha:

• umthambo
• iibhafu ezishushu
• Imozulu eshushu

Ukwehla kokubila kunokukubeka emngciphekweni wokubethwa bubushushu.

Libanda, kunye notywala

Ukusebenzisa kakhulu iziyobisi ezichasene ne-anticholinergic kunokubangela ukungabikho zingqondweni okanye nokufa. Ezi ziphumo zinokwenzeka kwakhona ukuba uthatha i-anticholinergics ngotywala. Iimpawu zokugqithisa zibandakanya:

• isiyezi
• ukozela kakhulu
• ifiva
• nemibono kakhulu
• ukudideka
• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• uburhabaxa nentetho engacacanga
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza
• ukugungxula kunye nobushushu besikhumba

Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uthathe kakhulu eli chiza, biza ugqirha wakho okanye ufune isikhokelo kuMbutho waseMelika wamaZiko oLawulo lweTyhefu ngo-1-800-222-1222 okanye ngesixhobo se-Intanethi.

Ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

Ukungqubana kweemeko

I-Anticholinergics inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezininzi, kodwa ayizizo ezomntu wonke. Umzekelo, la machiza aqhele ukumiselwa abantu abadala.

I-Anticholinergics yaziwa ngokubangela ukudideka, ukulahleka kwememori, kunye nokuwohloka kokusebenza kwengqondo kubantu abadala kuneminyaka eyi-65. Ngapha koko, kutshanje kunxibelelene nokusetyenziswa kwe-anticholinergics kunye nokwanda komngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Kwakhona, abantu abanezi meko zilandelayo akufuneki basebenzise i-anticholinergics:

• imysthenia gravis
• hyperthyroidism
• iglaucoma
• iprostate eyandisiweyo
• uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• ukuvalwa kwendlela yokuchama
• ukwanda kwenqanaba lentliziyo (tachycardia)
• ukumelwa yintliziyo
• umlomo owomileyo
• hernia yokuzalwa
• ukuqhina okunzima
• isifo sesibindi
• Isifo esiphantsi

Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi meko. Kwakhona, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unembali ye-allergies kwi-anticholinergics.

IAmerican Geriatrics Society icebisa ngamandla ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza e-anticholinergic kubantu abadala. Kungenxa yokuba abantu abadala banokubakho kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunabantu abancinci.

Imiphumela

Nokuba usebenzisa eli chiza ngokufanelekileyo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwenzeka. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ze-anticholinergics zixhomekeke kwichiza elithile nakwidosi oyithathayo.

Iziphumo ezinokubandakanya:

• umlomo owomileyo
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• ukuqhina
• ukozela
• ukuthomalalisa
• nemibono
• iingxaki zememori
• ingxaki yokuchama
• ukudideka
• Ukuphambuka
• ukuncipha kokubila
• ukuncipha kwamathe

I-anticholinergics, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwala machiza ku, kunxulunyaniswe nomngcipheko owandayo wokudodobala kwengqondo. Ukuba unikwe elinye lala machiza kwaye unenkxalabo malunga nale ngozi, qiniseka ukuthetha nodokotela wakho.

Thetha nogqirha wakho

I-Anticholinergics inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba elinye lala machiza linokukunceda, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Ugqirha wakho unokumisela ukuba ngaba unyango nge-anticholinergic luya kuba lolungileyo kuwe. Banokuphendula nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga:

• umngcipheko
• imiphumela
• into onokuyilindela ngonyango

Umgca wezantsi

Amachiza e-Anticholinergic athintela isenzo se-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetylcholine. Oku kuthintela iimpembelelo zemithambo-luvo ezinoxanduva lokuhamba kwezihlunu ngokungazibandakanyi kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba.

La machiza anokunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwisinye esisebenzayo ukuya kwisifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga.