Iphaneli yokulwa neNyukliya (Uvavanyo lwe-ANA)

Umxholo

• Ifuneka nini iphaneli yentsholongwane yenyukliya?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndilungiselele uvavanyo?
• Yintoni endinokuyilindela ngexesha lenjongo ye-ANA?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?
• Ukutolika iziphumo

Yintoni ipaneli yentsholongwane yenyukliya?

Ii-antibodies ziiproteni ezenziwe ngamajoni akho omzimba. Banceda umzimba wakho ukuba uqaphele kwaye ulwe nosulelo. Ii-antibodies zihlala zijolisa kwizinto ezinobungozi, ezinjengeebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, ngokwenza ukuba amajoni omzimba azilahle.

Ngamanye amaxesha izilwa-buhlungu zijolise ekujongeni iiseli zakho ezisempilweni kunye nezicubu. Oku kwaziwa njengempendulo yokuzimela. Ama-antibodies ahlasela iiproteni ezisempilweni ngaphakathi kwenucleus-iziko lolawulo lweeseli zakho- zibizwa ngokuba ziintsholongwane zenyukliya (ANA).

Xa umzimba ufumene imiqondiso yokuzihlasela, unokubangela izifo ezizimele njenge-lupus, i-scleroderma, isifo esixubeneyo sesicubu, isifo sokuqina kwesibindi, nezinye. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngesifo, kodwa zinokubandakanya irhashalala, ukudumba, isifo samathambo okanye ukudinwa.

Ngelixa kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nee-ANA, ukuba neeproteni ezininzi kakhulu luphawu lwesifo esisebenza ngokuzimela. Iphaneli ye-ANA inceda ukumisela inqanaba le-ANA egazini lakho. Unokuba ne-autoimmune disorder ukuba inqanaba liphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezinje ngokusuleleka, umhlaza, kunye nezinye iingxaki zonyango zinokubangela novavanyo oluqinisekileyo lwe-ANA.

Ifuneka nini iphaneli yentsholongwane yenyukliya?

Ugqirha wakho uya kuthi ayalele ipaneli ye-ANA ukuba uneempawu okanye iimpawu zesifo sokuzimela. Uvavanyo lwe-ANA lunokubonisa ukuba unohlobo oluthile lwesimo sokuzimela, kodwa asinakusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo esithile. Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lubuya nesiphumo esihle, ugqirha wakho kuya kufuneka enze uvavanyo oluthe kratya kunye neenkcukacha ezichanekileyo ukufumanisa ukuba isifo esizimeleyo sibangela iimpawu zakho.

Ngaba kufuneka ndilungiselele uvavanyo?

Akukho lungiselelo luyafuneka kwiphaneli yee-ANA.Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga nawaphi na amayeza okanye izongezo ozithathayo, nkqu nangaphaya kwee-counter. Amanye amachiza, njengokuhlutha okuthile kunye nonyango lwentliziyo, anokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kovavanyo.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ngexesha lenjongo ye-ANA?

Iphaneli ye-ANA iyafana nolunye uvavanyo lwegazi. I-phlebotomist (igcisa elenza uvavanyo lwegazi) iyakubopha ibhanti e-elastic ejikeleze ingalo yakho ephezulu ukuze imithambo yakho idumbe ligazi. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula kubo ukufumana umthambo.

Emva kokucoca indawo nge-antiseptic, baya kufaka inaliti emthanjeni. Unokuziva iintlungu ezithile xa inaliti ingena, kodwa uvavanyo ngokwalo alubuhlungu.

Igazi ke liyaqokelelwa kumbhobho ofakwe kule naliti. Nje ukuba igazi liqokelelwe, i-phlebotomist iyakususa inaliti kwimithambo yakho kwaye igubungele indawo yokugqobhoza.

Kwiintsana okanye abantwana, i-lancet (iscalpel esincinci) inokusetyenziselwa ukugqobhoza ulusu, kwaye igazi linokuqokelelwa kwityhubhu encinci ebizwa ngokuba yipipette. Inokuqokelelwa kwakhona kumtya wovavanyo.

Igazi ke lithunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze ihlolwe.

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?

Imingcipheko yokwenza ipaneli ye-ANA incinci. Abantu abaneemithambo ekunzima ukufikelela kubo banokufumana ukungonwabi ngakumbi kunabanye ngexesha lovavanyo lwegazi. Eminye imingcipheko inokubandakanya:

• ukopha kakhulu
• usulelo kwindawo yokuhlatywa
• isiqaqa
• hematoma (ukwakha igazi phantsi kolusu)

Ukutolika iziphumo

Uvavanyo olubi luthetha ukuba izifo ezithile ezizimeleyo azinakubakho. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimvavanyo zisenokufuneka ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zakho. Abanye abantu abanezifo ezizimeleyo banokufumana iziphumo ezingalunganga zovavanyo lwe-ANA kodwa zilungile kwezinye izilwa-buhlungu.

Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwe-ANA luthetha ukuba unamanqanaba aphezulu ee-ANA egazini lakho. Uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo lwe-ANA ludla ngokuxelwa njengombini umlinganiso (obizwa ngokuba yi-titer) kunye nepateni, egudileyo okanye enamachokoza. Izifo ezithile kunokwenzeka ukuba zibe neepateni ezithile.

Ukuphakama kwesihloko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba iziphumo ziziphumo "eziyinyani", oko kuthetha ukuba unee-ANAs ezibalulekileyo kunye nesifo sokuzimela.

Umzekelo, kumyinge we-1: 40 okanye i-1: 80, ukubakho kokuphazamiseka komzimba kuthathwa njengokuphantsi. Umlinganiselo we-1: 640 okanye ngaphezulu ubonakalisa ukubakho kokuphazamiseka komzimba, kodwa iziphumo ziya kufuna ukuhlalutya ugqirha kunye novavanyo olongezelelweyo olwenziwe ukufikelela kwisigqibo.

Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ezilungileyo azithethi ukuba unesifo sokuzimela. Ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezili-15 zabantu abasempilweni ngokupheleleyo kuvavanyo lwe-ANA oluqinisekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba sisiphumo sovavanyo esingalunganga. Iimpawu ze-ANA nazo zinokunyuka kunye nobudala phakathi kwabantu abasempilweni, ke kubalulekile ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga neempawu zakho kunye nokuba siphumo sakho sithetha ntoni kuwe.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho oyintloko wayala uvavanyo, banokucebisa ukuba bathunyelwe kwi-rheumatologist-isifo se-autoimmune-ingcali-ukuphonononga naziphi na iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga ze-ANA. Bahlala benceda ukufumanisa ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zinxulumene nemeko ethile.

Uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo lwe-ANA lulodwa alunakufumanisa isifo esithile. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko ezinxulunyaniswa novavanyo oluqinisekileyo lwe-ANA zibandakanya:

• I-systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus): ingxaki yokuzimela komzimba enokuchaphazela amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba wakho, kubandakanya intliziyo, izintso, amalungu kunye nolusu
• autoimmune hepatitis: sisifo esingazenzisiyo esibangela ukudumba kwesibindi, kunye nerhashalala, iintlungu ezidibeneyo, ukudinwa, ukungabi namdla wokutya, kunye isicaphucaphu
• I-rheumatoid arthritis: sisifo esingumzimba esibangela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokudibeneyo, iintlungu, ukudumba, kunye nokuqina kwamalungu kwaye kuchaphazela imiphunga, intliziyo, amehlo kunye namanye amalungu
• I-Sjögren syndrome: kukuphazamiseka okuzenzekelayo okuchaphazela amadlala amathe kunye ne-lacrimal gland, evelisa amathe kunye neenyembezi.
• scleroderma: sisifo sokuzimela komzimba esichaphazela ikakhulu ulusu kunye nezinye izicubu ezinxibelelanayo kodwa sinokuchaphazela namalungu
• isifo se-thyroid somzimba: uluhlu lweemeko ezichaphazela i-thyroid, kuquka i-hypothyroidism kunye ne-hyperthyroidism
• i-polymyositis okanye i-dermatomyositis: iimeko ezizimeleyo ezibangela iintlungu, ubuthathaka, kunye nokudumba kwezihlunu, kwaye zinokubandakanya irhashalala

Iilebhu zingahluka kwimigangatho yovavanyo oluqinisekileyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba athini amanqanaba akho kunye nokuba iimpawu zakho zinokuchazwa njani ngobukho be-ANA. Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwe-ANA lubuya luhle, ugqirha wakho uya kudinga ukuqhuba uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze ancede ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba iziphumo zinxulumene nemeko ethile.

Uvavanyo lwe-ANA luluncedo ngakumbi ekuchongeni i-lupus. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-95 zabantu abane-lupus baya kufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-ANA ezilungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana iziphumo zovavanyo ezilungileyo one-lupus, kwaye ayinguye wonke umntu one-lupus oya kuba neziphumo zovavanyo ezilungileyo. Ke uvavanyo lwe-ANA alunakusetyenziswa njengeyona ndlela yokufumanisa isifo.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neemvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ezinokuthi zenziwe ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba kukho unobangela oyonyusa i-ANA egazini lakho.