Ii-Antiretroviral HIV iziyobisi: Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nokunamathela

Umxholo

• Unamathelo
  
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-antiretroviral kunye nolawulo
• Ukulahleka kokutya
• I-Lipodystrophy
• Urhudo
• Ukudinwa
• Hlala ukhuselekile
  
• Ephakamileyo kunamanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides
• Utshintsho lwemood, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Irhashalala
• Ingxaki yokulala
• Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
• Sebenza neqela lokhathalelo lwempilo

Olona nyango luphambili lwe-HIV ludidi lweziyobisi ekuthiwa zii-antiretrovirals. La machiza akayinyangi i-HIV, kodwa angalinciphisa inani lentsholongwane emzimbeni womntu one-HIV. Oku kugcina amajoni omzimba omelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba angalwa nezifo.

Namhlanje, ngaphezulu kwamachiza angama-40 ee-antiretroviral avunyelwe ukunyanga i-HIV. Uninzi lwabantu abanyanga i-HIV yabo baya kuthatha ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zala machiza suku ngalunye ubomi babo bonke.

Amachiza e-antiretroviral kufuneka athathwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangendlela efanelekileyo ukuze asebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuthatha la mayeza ngendlela umniki-nkonzo abayalele ngayo kuthiwa kukulandela ngqo.

Ukuncamathela kwisicwangciso sonyango akusoloko kulula. Amachiza ee-antiretroviral angadala iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokuba nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba zenze abanye abantu bayeke ukuzithatha. Kodwa ukuba umntu oneNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​weqa amathamo ala machiza, intsholongwane ingaqala ngokuzikopa emzimbeni wayo kwakhona. Oku kunokubangela ukuba i-HIV inyange amayeza. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, iyeza alinakuphinda lisebenze, kwaye loo mntu uya kushiyeka eneendlela ezimbalwa zokunyanga i-HIV yakhe.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neempembelelo zeziyobisi ze-antiretroviral, kunye nendlela yokuzilawula kwaye unamathele kwisicwangciso sonyango.

Unamathelo

1. Ukunamathela kuthetha ukunamathela kwisicwangciso sonyango.Kubalulekile! Ukuba umntu oneNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​weqa amayeza okanye uyeke ukuthatha unyango, intsholongwane inokumelana namayeza. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima okanye kungenzeki ukunyanga i-HIV.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-antiretroviral kunye nolawulo

Amachiza e-HIV aphucukile ukutyhubela iminyaka, kwaye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu azifane zibekho ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, amachiza e-HIV asenokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Abanye banobulali, ngelixa abanye benobuzaza okanye besongela ubomi. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba mandundu ngokude kuthathwe iyeza.

Kuyenzeka ukuba amanye amayeza asebenzisane neziyobisi ze-HIV, zibangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ezinye iimeko zempilo zinokwenza ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-HIV zibe mbi ngakumbi. Ngezi zizathu, xa uqala naliphi na ichiza elitsha, abantu abane-HIV kufuneka baxelele umboneleli wabo wezempilo kunye nosokhemesti ngawo onke amanye amayeza, izongezo, okanye amayeza abawathathayo.

Ukongeza, ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezitsha okanye ezingaqhelekanga ezenzekayo, abantu abane-HIV kufuneka babize umboneleli wabo wezempilo. Kuya kufuneka benze oku nokuba sele bekumayeza ixesha elide. Kungathatha inyanga okanye iminyaka ukuqala ukusabela kwichiza.

Iziphumo ezibi kakhulu, umboneleli wezempilo unokuqinisekisa ukuba ngamayeza hayi enye into ebangela iimpawu. Ukuba ichiza linetyala, banokutshintsha unyango baye kwelinye iyeza le-antiretroviral. Nangona kunjalo, ukutshintsha unyango akulula. Kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba unyango olutsha lusaza kusebenza kwaye aluyi kubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinamandla zinokuphela msinyane nje ukuba umzimba uqhelane neziyobisi. Ukuba akunjalo, umboneleli wezempilo unokucebisa ukuba utshintshe indlela ethathwa ngayo ichiza. Umzekelo, banokucebisa ukuba bathathe kunye nokutya endaweni yesisu esingenanto, okanye ebusuku endaweni yasekuseni. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuba lula ukunyanga isiphumo esisecaleni ukuze silawuleke ngakumbi.

Nazi ezinye zeempembelelo eziqhelekileyo ezivela kumachiza e-antiretroviral kunye neengcebiso zokuzilawula.

Ukulahleka kokutya

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokubangela:

• abacavir (iZiagen)
• zidovudine

Yintoni enokukunceda:

• Yitya ukutya okuncinci okuncinci ngemini endaweni yokutya ezintathu ezinkulu.
• Sela i-smoothies okanye uthathe izongezo zesondlo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba ufumana iivithamini kunye neeminerali ezaneleyo.
• Buza umboneleli wezempilo malunga nokuthatha inkuthazo yokutya.

I-Lipodystrophy

ILipodystrophy yimeko ebangela ukuba abantu baphulukane okanye batyebe kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba. Oku kunokubenza abanye abantu bazive bezolile okanye bexhalabile.

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokubangela: Umdibaniso wamachiza avela kwi-nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) kunye neeprotease inhibitor.

Ii-NRTI zibandakanya:

• abacavir
• stavudine
• didanosine
• zidovudine
• lamivudine
• zekise
• tenofovir

Iprotease inhibitors ibandakanya:

• mzing
• darunavir
• fosamprenavir
• eyifuman
• lopinavir
• mzwqdb
• ritonavir
• iqequa
• sifumacube

Yintoni enokukunceda:

• Ukuzivocavoca kunokunceda ukunciphisa amanqatha omzimba kuwo wonke umzimba, kubandakanya neendawo apho amanqatha akhe khona.
• Iyeza elitofwayo elibizwa ngokuba yi-tesamorelin (Egrifta) linokunceda ukunciphisa amanqatha asesiswini kubantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ze-HIV. Nangona kunjalo, xa abantu beyeka ukuthatha i-tesamorelin, amanqatha esisu kunokwenzeka ukuba abuye.
• I-Liposuction ingasusa amanqatha kwiindawo apho iqokelele khona.
• Ukuba ukwehla kobunzima kwenzeka ebusweni, umboneleli wezempilo unokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nenaliti ye-polylactic acid (i-New Fill, i-Sculptra).
• Abantu abanesifo seswekile kunye ne-HIV banokucinga ngokubuza umboneleli wabo wezempilo malunga nokuthatha i-metformin. Eli chiza leswekile linokunceda ukunciphisa amafutha esiswini abangelwa yi-lipodystrophy.

Urhudo

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokubangela:

• Iprotease inhibitors
• i-nucleoside / i-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i-NRTIs)
• iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane
• dlavini
• okanye
• yingqine
• webobocistat
• elvitegravir / cobicistat

Yintoni enokukunceda:

• Yitya ukutya okunamafutha, okunamafutha, okuneziqholo nokutya okuneemveliso zobisi, kubandakanya ukutya okuqhotsiweyo kunye nemveliso enebisi.
• Yitya ukutya okuncinci okuphezulu kwifayibha engenakunyibilika, efana nemifuno eluhlaza, ukutya okuziinkozo kunye namandongomane.
• Buza umboneleli wezempilo malunga neenzuzo zokuthatha amayeza okulwa ne-diarrhea, njenge-loperamide (Imodium).

Ukudinwa

Ukukhathala sisiphumo esisecaleni sonyango lweziyobisi ze-HIV, kodwa ikwaluphawu lwe-HIV.

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokubangela:

• zidovudine
• efavirenzi

Yintoni enokukunceda:

• Yitya ukutya okunezondlo ukwandisa amandla.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya nokusela utywala.
• Namathela kwishedyuli yokulala kwaye unqande ukuthatha i-naps.

Hlala ukhuselekile

1. Khumbula, abantu abane-HIV kufuneka bajonge kumboneleli wabo wezempilo ngaphambi kokuzama naziphi na ezi ngcebiso. Umboneleli wezempilo uya kugqiba ukuba ngaba lukhetho olukhuselekileyo.

Ephakamileyo kunamanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokubangela:

• stavudine
• didanosine
• zidovudine
• efavirenzi
• lopinavir / ritonavir
• fosamprenavir
• iqequa
• eyifuman
• itipranavir / ritonavir
• elvitegravir / cobicistat

Yintoni enokukunceda:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya.
• Zilolonge ngakumbi.
• Nciphisa inani lamafutha ekutyeni. Thetha nesondlo malunga nendlela ekhuselekileyo yokwenza oku.
• Yitya iintlanzi kunye nokunye ukutya okuphezulu kwi-omega-3 fatty acids. Ezi ziquka i-walnuts, i-flaxseeds kunye neoli ye-canola.
• Yenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye ne-triglyceride rhoqo njengoko umboneleli wezempilo ebonisa.
• Thatha ii-statins okanye amanye amayeza anciphisa i-cholesterol ukuba imiselwe ngumboneleli wezempilo.

Utshintsho lwemood, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo

Utshintsho lwemood, kubandakanya ukudakumba noxinzelelo, kunokuba sisiphumo esibi kunyango lweziyobisi kwi-HIV. Kodwa utshintsho lweemvakalelo lungaluphawu lwe-HIV.

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokubangela:

• I-efavirenz (iSustiva)
• i-rilpivirine (i-Edurant, i-Odefsey, iComplera)
• hanziba

Yintoni enokukunceda:

• Thintela utywala neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.
• Buza umboneleli wezempilo malunga nokucebisa okanye amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo.

Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokubangela: Phantse onke amachiza e-HIV.

Yintoni enokukunceda:

• Yitya iziqwengana ezincinci kulo lonke usuku endaweni yezidlo ezithathu ezikhulu.
• Yitya ukutya okungekho bland, okufana nerayisi ecoliweyo kunye nabaqhekezi.
• Kuphephe ukutya okunamafutha nokuneziqholo.
• Yitya ukutya kubanda endaweni yeshushu.
• Buza umboneleli wezempilo malunga namayeza e-antiemetic ukulawula isicaphucaphu.

Irhashalala

Irhash ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga phantse kuwo onke amayeza e-HIV. Kodwa irhashalala kakhulu kunokuba ngumqondiso uxabane okanye enye imeko kakhulu. Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba unerhashalala kunye nokunye oku kulandelayo:

• ingxaki yokuphefumla okanye ukuginya
• ifiva
• i-blister, ngakumbi ejikeleze umlomo, impumlo kunye neliso
• irhashalala eqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye isasazeka

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokubangela irhashalala:

• Iprotease inhibitors
• zekise
• yingqine
• elvitegravir / tenofovir disoproxil / emtricitabine
• i-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i-NNRTIs), kubandakanya:
  • etravirine
  • wboydine
  • dlavini
  • efavirenzi
  • nevirapine

Yintoni enokukunceda:

• Ukuthambisa ulusu kunye nokuthambisa yonke imihla.
• Sebenzisa amanzi apholileyo okanye adikidiki kunamanzi ashushu kwiishawari nakwiibhafu.
• Sebenzisa iisepha ezinobulali, ezingacaphukisi kunye nezicoci zokuhlamba impahla.
• Nxiba amalaphu aphefumlayo, anje ngomqhaphu.
• Buza umboneleli wezempilo malunga nokuthatha iyeza le-antihistamine.

Ingxaki yokulala

Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinokubangela:

• efavirenzi
• zekise
• wboydine
• eyifuman
• elvitegravir / cobicistat
• hanziba

Yintoni enokukunceda:

• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Namathela kwishedyuli yokulala kwaye unqande ukuthatha i-naps.
• Qinisekisa ukuba igumbi lokulala likulungele ukulala.
• Hlaziya ngaphambi kokulala ngokuhlamba okufudumeleyo okanye omnye umsebenzi wokuthoba.
• Gwema i-caffeine kunye nezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo kwiiyure ezimbalwa zokulala.
• Thetha nomboneleli wezempilo malunga namayeza okulala xa ingxaki iqhubeka.

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-antiretroviral zingabandakanya:

• hypersensitivity okanye uguquko, kunye neempawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha
• ukopha
• ukonakala kwamathambo
• isifo sentliziyo
• iswekile yegazi ephezulu kunye neswekile
• I-lactic acidosis (amanqanaba aphezulu e-lactic acid egazini)
• umonakalo wezintso, isibindi, okanye i-pancreas
• ukuba ndindisholo, ukutshisa, okanye iintlungu ezandleni okanye ezinyaweni ngenxa yeengxaki zemithambo-luvo

Sebenza neqela lokhathalelo lwempilo

Ukuthatha amachiza e-HIV kanye ngendlela emiselweyo kubalulekile ukuba asebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zenzeka, musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza. Endaweni yoko, thetha neqela lokhathalelo lwempilo. Banokucebisa ngeendlela zokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, okanye banokutshintsha isicwangciso sonyango.

Kungathatha ixesha ukuba abantu abane-HIV bafumane irejimeni efanelekileyo yamachiza. Ngokubeka esweni ngononophelo kunye nokulandela, ababoneleli ngononophelo lwempilo baya kuyifumana irejimeni yonyango yamachiza asebenza kakuhle kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa.