I-Ascariasis: oonobangela, iimpawu, kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-ascariasis?
• Yintoni ebangela usulelo lwe-ascariasis?
• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-ascariasis?
• Uhlobo lobomi beentshulube ezingqukuva
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-ascariasis?
• Zeziphi iingxaki ze-ascariasis?
• Ichongwa njani i-ascariasis?
• Iphathwa njani i-ascariasis?
• Ithini imbonakalo yexesha elide yosulelo lwe-ascariasis?

Yintoni i-ascariasis?

I-Ascariasis lusulelo lwamathumbu amancinci abangelwa Iascaris lumbricoides, Olu luhlobo lweentshulube ezingqukuva.

Iintshulube ezingqukuva ziluhlobo lweentshulube ezifunxayo. Usulelo olubangelwa ziintshulube luqhelekile. I-Ascariasis lolona suleleko luqhelekileyo lweentshulube. Malunga nelizwe elisaphuhlayo losulelwe ziintshulube zamathumbu, ngokwe-World Health Organisation (WHO).

Nangona kunjalo, usulelo lwe-parasitic worm aluqhelekanga eMelika, ngokuka.

I-Ascariasis ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ngaphandle kwezococeko zale mihla. Abantu bafumana i-parasite ngokutya nangamanzi angakhuselekanga. Usulelo aluhlali lubangela zimpawu, kodwa inani elikhulu leentshulube ezingqukuva (uhlaselo olunzima) lungakhokelela kwiingxaki emiphungeni okanye emathunjini.

Yintoni ebangela usulelo lwe-ascariasis?

Unokosulelwa yi-ascariasis emva kokungenisa ngempazamo amaqanda e A. iibumbhu intshulube. Amaqanda anokufumaneka kumhlaba ongcoliswe lilindle lomntu okanye ukutya okungaphekwanga okungcoliswe ngumhlaba onamaqanda eentshulube.

Ngokufuthi abantwana bosulelwa xa bebeka izandla emilonyeni yabo emva kokudlala kumhlaba ongcolileyo, ngokwe-WHO. I-Ascariasis inokudluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka emntwini kuye umntu.

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-ascariasis?

Abantu abane-ascariasis bahlala bengenazo iimpawu. Iimpawu ziye ziqapheleke xa intshulube ikhula.

Iintshulube ezingqukuva emiphungeni yakho zinokubangela:

• ukukhohlela okanye ukugoba umlomo
• ukuvutha okanye ukuphefumla okufutshane

• i-aspiration pneumonia (kunqabile)
• igazi kwi-mucus
• Ukungonwabi esifubeni
• ifiva

Iintshulube ezingqukuva emathunjini akho zinokubangela:

• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• izitulo ezingaqhelekanga okanye urhudo
• ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, okubangela iintlungu eziqatha kunye nokugabha
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• iintshulube ezibonakalayo esitulweni
• ukungaphatheki kakuhle esiswini okanye iintlungu
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ukukhubazeka kokukhula ebantwaneni ngenxa ye-malabsorption

Abanye abantu abanesifo esikhulu banokuba nezinye iimpawu, njengokudinwa kunye nomkhuhlane. Uhlaselo olukhulu lunokubangela ukungonwabi okukhulu. Unokuba nazo zonke okanye ezininzi zeempawu ezingentla ukuba awufumani unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Uhlobo lobomi beentshulube ezingqukuva

Emva kokungenisa, i A. iibumbhu Iintshulube zivelisa ngaphakathi kwamathumbu akho. Intshulube ihamba ngamanqanaba aliqela:

• Amaqanda aginyiweyo aqala ukuqandusela emathunjini.
• Imibungu ke ihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi liye kwimiphunga yakho.
• Emva kokukhula, iintshulube ezingqukuva zishiya imiphunga yakho ziye emqaleni.
• Uyakukhohlela okanye uginye iintshulube ezingqukuva emqaleni wakho. Iintshulube eziginywayo ziya kubuyela emathunjini akho.
• Nje ukuba babuye emathunjini akho, iintshulube ziya kudibana zibeke amaqanda amaninzi.
• Umjikelo uyaqhubeka. Amanye amaqanda akhutshwa kwilindle lakho. Amanye amaqanda aqandusela abuyele emiphungeni.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-ascariasis?

I-roundworm ifumaneka kwihlabathi lonke, kodwa ifunyanwa rhoqo kwimimandla yetropiki nakwindawo ezitshisayo, kubandakanya iLatin America kunye ne-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara. Kuqheleke kakhulu kwiindawo apho ugutyulo luphantsi.

Imiba yomngcipheko wokusingqongileyo ye-ascariasis ibandakanya:

• ukunqongophala kwezococeko zale mihla kunye neziseko zococeko
• ukusetyenziswa kwelindle lomntu kwisichumiso
• ukuhlala okanye ukundwendwela imozulu yetropiki okanye efudumeleyo
• ukubonakaliswa kwimeko apho ukungcola kunokungeniswa khona

Unganciphisa ukubekeka kwakho kwiintshulube ngokuphepha ukutya okungakhuselekanga namanzi. Ukugcina imeko yakho yangoku icocekile kuyanceda. Oku kubandakanya iimpahla zokuhlamba iimpahla ezichazwe kwindawo ezingacocekanga kunye nokucoca iindawo zokupheka kakuhle.

Kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ngokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko xa undwendwela indawo ekude. Kubalulekile ukuba:

• Ngalo lonke ixesha hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi ngaphambi kokutya okanye ukulungisa ukutya.
• Bilisa okanye ucofe amanzi akho.
• Hlola indawo yokulungiselela ukutya.
• Ziphephe iindawo eziqhelekileyo zokuhlambela.
• Chuba okanye upheke imifuno engahlanjwanga kunye neziqhamo kwimimandla engenazo iziseko zococeko okanye ezisebenzisa ilindle lomntu kwisichumiso.

Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweli-8 ubudala kunokwenzeka ukuba bosulelwe ngenxa yokudibana kwabo nomhlaba ngelixa bedlala.

Zeziphi iingxaki ze-ascariasis?

Uninzi lweziganeko ze-ascariasis zincinci kwaye azibangeli iingxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, uhlaselo olunzima lunokusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba kwaye lukhokelele kwiingxaki eziyingozi, kubandakanya:

• Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu emathunjini. Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu emathunjini kwenzeka xa ubunzima beentshulube buthintela amathumbu akho, nto leyo ibangela iintlungu kwaye ugabhe. Ukucinywa kwamathumbu kuthathwa njengongxamiseko kwezonyango kwaye kufuna unyango kwangoko.
• Ukuthintela ukuvalwa. Ukukhutshwa kwendlela kwenzeka xa iintshulube zivimba iindlela ezincinci zesibindi sakho okanye ipancreas.
• Ukusilela kwesondlo. Usulelo olukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nomdla wokutya kunye nokufunxeka okungafunekiyo kwezondlo kubeka abantwana emngciphekweni wokungafumani zondlo zaneleyo, ezinokuchaphazela ukukhula kwabo.

Abantwana kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba babe neengxaki zesisu kuba ubungakanani obuncinci bamathumbu abo bonyusa amathuba abo okuba nokuvaleka kwamathumbu.

Ichongwa njani i-ascariasis?

Ngokuqhelekileyo oogqirha benza ukuxilongwa ngokuvavanya isampuli yesitokisi kwiiparasites kunye ne-ova (amaqanda). Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-ascariasis, uyakukucela isampuli yesitulo kuwe.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-ascariasis, unokufuna iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu, ezinje ngolunye lovavanyo lokucinga:

• X-reyi
• Ukuskena i-CT
• Ultrasound
• Ukuskena iMRI
• i-endoscopy, ebandakanya ukusebenzisa ikhamera encinci ukujonga ngaphakathi komzimba wakho

Ukujonga iimvavanyo kunokubonisa ukuba zingaphi iintshulube ezikhulele ekuvuthweni kwaye apho amaqela aphambili eentshulube angaphakathi komzimba.

Ukuvavanya umngcipheko weengxaki, kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha wakho anqume ukuba usulele ixesha elingakanani.

Iphathwa njani i-ascariasis?

Oogqirha badla ngokunyanga iintshulube ezingqukuva ngamachiza antiparasite. Amayeza aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa aquka:

• albendazole (Albenza)
• Ivermectin (iStromectol)
• mebendazole (Vermox)

Ukuba unetyala eliphambili, unokufuna olunye unyango. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando ukulawula uhlaselo olukhulu. Uya kudinga utyando ukuba iintshulube ezingqukuva zivimba amathumbu akho ngokupheleleyo.

Ithini imbonakalo yexesha elide yosulelo lwe-ascariasis?

Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha kwi-ascariasis ngonyango oluncinci. Iimpawu zisenokuhamba nangaphambi kokuba zonke iintshulube zihambe.

Nangona kunjalo, i-ascariasis inokubangela iingxaki xa kukho uhlaselo olukhulu. Ukuba ucinga ukuba wosulelwe ziintshulube, qiniseka ukubona ugqirha wakho.

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela i-ascariasis yile:

• Ukuziqhelanisa nococeko. Oko kuthetha ukuba hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi ngaphambi kokutya okanye ukuphatha ukutya, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Fundisa abantwana bakho ukuba benze okufanayo.
• Ukutya kuphela kwiindawo ezinesidima.
• Ukusela kuphela amanzi asebhotileni kunye nokuphepha iziqhamo nemifuno ekrwada ngaphandle kokuba uyakwazi ukuzihlamba nokuzichuba ngokwakho xa ukwiindawo ezingenazococeko zale mihla.