Buza ingcali: Inaliti yohlobo lwesibini lweswekile

Umxholo

• Ngawaphi amayeza atofwayo anyanga isifo seswekile sesi-2?
• Ngaba iinaliti zibangela ukunciphisa umzimba? Ukutyeba kwakho?
• Ngaba idosi iyafana ngenaliti? Ngaba ndizakuqhuba ngenaliti ngokwam?
• Ngaba zikhona iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kumayeza atofelwayo endimele ukuba ndiwazi?
• Luhlobo luni lweenguqu kwindlela yokuphila ekufuneka ndiyenzile ukongeza ekuqaliseni unyango?
• Ixabisa malini iyeza elitofwayo? Ngaba zihlala zigutyungelwe phantsi kweinshurensi?

Ngawaphi amayeza atofwayo anyanga isifo seswekile sesi-2?

I-Glucagon-efana ne-peptide-1 receptor agonists (i-GLP-1 RAs) ngamayeza atofwayo anyanga isifo seswekile sesi-2.

Ngokufana ne-insulin, batofwa phantsi kolusu. I-GLP-1 RAs zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nezinye iindlela zokunyanga isifo seswekile.

Okwangoku, zininzi ii-GLP-1 RAs kwiimarike ezahlukileyo ngokweshedyuli yedosi kunye nexesha lokusebenza. Ziquka:

• exenatide (Byetta)
• Ukukhutshwa okwandisiweyo (Bydureon)
• dulaglutide (Trulicity)
• semaglutide (Ozempic) -ikwafumaneka kwifom yeethebhulethi (iRybelsus)
• iliraglutide (iVictoza)
• Lixisenatide (Adlyxin)

I-Pramlintide (Symlin) lelinye ichiza elitofwayo elamkelweyo kunyango lohlobo lweswekile 2. Isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye nexesha lokutya le-insulin shots. Nangona ingasetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo, isebenza ngokufanayo kwi-GLP-1 RAs.

Ngaba iinaliti zibangela ukunciphisa umzimba? Ukutyeba kwakho?

Ngokungafaniyo ne-insulin kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezichasene nesifo seswekile, ii-injectable azibangeli ukuba zityebe.

Ngenxa yokuba benciphisa umdla wokutya, banokude banciphise ukuthoba umzimba kuluhlu lweekhilogram eziyi-1.5 ukuya kwii-6.6 zeekhilogram. Inani lokulahleka kwesisindo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezinje:

• ukutya
• umthambo
• ukusetyenziswa kwamanye amayeza

Ngenxa yoku, i-GLP-1 RAs ifanelekile kubantu abatyebe kakhulu okanye abatyebe kakhulu. Zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo namanye amachiza okanye i-insulin ukunciphisa ukutyeba kobunzima.

Ngaba idosi iyafana ngenaliti? Ngaba ndizakuqhuba ngenaliti ngokwam?

I-GLP-1 RAs ziyafumaneka kwiipeni ezikhethiweyo ozilawulayo ngokwakho, ngendlela efanayo ne-insulin. Ziyahluka ngomthamo kunye nobude besenzo.

Okwangoku azikho izilingo zokuthelekisa ezibonisa ukuba ukhetho lonyango luchaphazela njani iziphumo zezigulana zexesha elide.

Ugqirha wakho uhlala ekuqala ngedosi esezantsi. Oku kuyakwandiswa ngokuthe ngcembe ngokunganyamezelani kunye nakwisiphumo esifunwayo.

I-Byetta yiyo kuphela iarhente efuna ukulawulwa kabini ngemini. Ezinye ziinaliti zemihla ngemihla okanye zeveki.

Ngaba zikhona iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kumayeza atofelwayo endimele ukuba ndiwazi?

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emathunjini, ezinje ngesicaphucaphu, ukugabha, kunye norhudo, zenzeka kwizigulana ezininzi. I-nausea ingancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha okanye ngokunciphisa idosi. Inokwenzeka kwakhona ngokufuthi rhoqo ngeearhente zeveki.

Ezinye iingxelo zidibanisa i-pancreatitis ebukhali kunye ne-GLP-1 RAs, kodwa akukho datha yaneleyo yokuseka ubudlelwane obucacileyo be-causal. Uphando luhlolisise ezinye iimpembelelo ezinokubakho kwi-pancreas, njengomhlaza wepancreatic, kodwa ubungqina obaneleyo abukho.

Ezinye ze-GLP-1 RAs zinokubangela ukusabela kolusu lwasekhaya kwindawo yenaliti. Abanye abantu abasebenzisa i-exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta) baxele le miphumela.

I-Hypoglycemia ayifane yenzeke nge-GLP-1 RAs xa isetyenziswa yodwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kubo kunyango olusekwe kwi-insulin kunokunyusa umngcipheko.

Kwisifundo seentonga, kukho ukonyuka kwamathumba e-medullary thyroid. Iziphumo ezifanayo azikafunyanwa ebantwini.

Luhlobo luni lweenguqu kwindlela yokuphila ekufuneka ndiyenzile ukongeza ekuqaliseni unyango?

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kubantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 sinokubandakanya:

• ukulungisa ukutya
• ukunciphisa i-5 ukuya kwi-10 leepesenti yobunzima bomzimba, kwabo banokutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu
• ukwenza umthambo rhoqo imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki
• Ukuzibek 'esweni iswekile yegazi
• ukunciphisa umda utywala kwisiselo esinye ngemini kubafazi abadala kunye neziselo ezimbini ngosuku kubantu abadala
• ungatshayi okanye uyeke ukutshaya

Indlela yeswekile yeplate isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngesikhokelo sokucwangciswa kokutya kunye noncedo lwayo olubonakalayo.

Ukubona i-dietitian ebhalisiweyo kunokukunceda ekukhokeleni ukutya okunempilo. Ingcali yokutya ingancoma isicwangciso esisesakho sokutya esinika ingxelo ngezinto ezithile kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.

Ngokubanzi, ukunciphisa ukutya kwakho kwe-carbohydrate kuyimfuneko ekuphuculeni ulawulo lweswekile yegazi.

Khetha iiCarbs ezi:

• uxinano lwezondlo
• ephezulu kwifayibha
• yenziwe kancinci

Guqula iziselo ezineswekile ngamanzi.

Ukongeza, ukutya ukutya okutyebileyo kumanqatha e-monounsaturated kunye ne-polyunsaturated kunokuphucula imetabolism ye-glucose kunye nomngcipheko we-cardiovascular risk.

Ixabisa malini iyeza elitofwayo? Ngaba zihlala zigutyungelwe phantsi kweinshurensi?

Injectible GLP-1 RAs kunye nepramlintide (Symlin) zibiza kakhulu. Akukho zinketho zohlobo oluqhelekileyo ezikhoyo ngoku. Amaxabiso aphakathi aphakathi neevenkile zilandelayo:

• Ngaphandle: $ 840
• IDulaglutide: $ 911
• I-Semaglutide: $ 927
• ILiraglutide: $ 1,106
• ILixisenatide: $ 744
• Pramlintide: $ 2,623

Ezi zigutyungelwe zizicwangciso ezininzi zeinshurensi. kodwa izikhokelo zomgaqo-nkqubo, ukungabandakanywa, iimfuno zonyango lwenyathelo, kunye nokugunyaziswa kwangaphambili kuyahluka kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqhelane nezinto ezithile zesicwangciso sakho sokuyalela.

UGqirha Maria S. Prelipcean ngugqirha osebenza kakhulu kwi-endocrinology nakwisifo seswekile. Ngoku usebenza kwiQela lezoNyango laseSouthview eBirmingham, Alabama. UGqirha Prelipcean uphumelele kwisikolo sezonyango iCarol Davila eBucharest, eRomania. Ulugqibe uqeqesho lwamayeza ngaphakathi kwiYunivesithi yaseIllinois naseYunivesithi yaseNyakatho-ntshona eChicago kunye noqeqesho lwe-endocrinology kwiYunivesithi yaseAlabama eBirmingham. UGqr Prelipcean ubizwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengoGqirha oPhezulu waseBirmingham kwaye eliGosa leKholeji yaseMelika ye-Endocrinology. Ngexesha lakhe lokuzonwabisa, uyakonwabela ukufunda, ukuhambahamba kunye nokuchitha ixesha nosapho.