Uthini umahluko phakathi kuka-Asperger kunye ne-Autism?

Umxholo

• Malunga ne-autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• Malunga nesifo sika-Asperger
• Iikhrayitheriya zokuchonga isifo sika-Asperger
• I-Asperger's vs. Autism: Yintoni umahluko?
• Ngaba iindlela zokonyango ziyahluka kwi-Asperger kunye ne-autism?
• Yise kude

Unokuva abantu abaninzi bethetha nge-Asperger's syndrome kwimpefumlo efanayo ne-autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

I-Asperger ibikhe yathathelwa ingqalelo yohlukile kwi-ASD. Kodwa ukuxilongwa kwe-Asperger akusekho. Iimpawu kunye neempawu ezazikade ziyinxalenye yesifo sika-Asperger ngoku ziphantsi kwe-ASD.

Kukho umahluko wembali phakathi kwegama elithi "Asperger" kunye noko kuthathwa njenge "autism." Kodwa kufanelekile ukungena kwinto kanye eyi-Asperger kwaye kutheni ngoku ithathwa njengenxalenye ye-ASD.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngezi ngxaki.

Malunga ne-autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Ayingabo bonke abantwana be-autistic ababonisa iimpawu ezifanayo ze-autism okanye amava la miqondiso kwinqanaba elifanayo.

Yiyo loo nto i-autism ithathwa njengeyona nto ibonakalayo. Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zokuziphatha kunye namava athathelwa ingqalelo njengawela phantsi kwesambulela sokuqonda isifo se-autism.

Nalu ushwankathelo olufutshane lokuziphatha olunokubangela ukuba umntu afunyaniswe ene-autism:

• Umahluko ekusebenzeni kwamava eemvakalelo, njengokuchukumisa okanye isandi, esivela kwabo bathathwa njenge "neurotypical"
• Umahluko kwiindlela zokufunda kunye neendlela zokusombulula iingxaki, njengokufunda ngokukhawuleza izihloko ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezinzima kodwa kunzima ukuba ngumsebenzi ophathekayo okanye ukuthetha ngokuthatha ingxoxo
• inzondelelo ekhethekileyo, ezinzileyo kwizihloko ezithile
• ukuphinda-phinda iintshukumo okanye isimilo (ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "kukunciphisa"), njengokuqhwaba izandla okanye ukugungqa ngapha nangapha
• Umnqweno onamandla wokugcina iinkqubo okanye ukumisela ucwangco, njengokulandela ishedyuli efanayo yonke imihla okanye uququzelele izinto ezizezakho ngendlela ethile
• Ukulungisa kunye nokuvelisa unxibelelwano lomlomo okanye olungathethiyo, Njengokuba unengxaki yokubonisa iingcinga ngamagama okanye ukubonisa iimvakalelo ngaphandle
• Ukulungisa ubunzima okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimixholo yokunxibelelana kwe-neurotypical, njengokubulisa umntu obuyileyo obabulisile

Malunga nesifo sika-Asperger

I-Asperger's syndrome ngaphambili yayithathwa ngokuba "bubumnene" okanye "ukusebenza okuphezulu" kwe-autism.

Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abafumene ukuxilongwa kuka-Asperger bathambekele ekuziphatheni kwe-autism eyayihlala ithathwa njengeyahlukileyo kancinane kunaleyo yabantu abane-neurotypical.

I-Asperger yaqala ukwaziswa kwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ngo-1994.

Oku kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba ugqirha wengqondo waseNgilane uLorna Wing eguqule imisebenzi kagqirha wase-Austrian uHans Asperger kwaye waqonda ukuba uphando lwakhe lufumene iimpawu ezizodwa kubantwana be-autistic kwabo baneempawu "ezinzima".

Iikhrayitheriya zokuchonga isifo sika-Asperger

Nalu ushwankathelo olufutshane lwenguqulo yangaphambili yeDSM (uninzi lwezi zinokubonakala ziqhelekile):

• ukuba nobunzima kunxibelelwano lomlomo okanye olungathethiyo, njengonxibelelwano ngamehlo okanye impoxo
• ukuba nolwalamano oluncinci okanye olungenalo kwaphela ekuhlaleni kunye noontanga
• ukungabikho komdla ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwimisebenzi okanye kwimidla nabanye
• bonisa ukungaphenduli kancinci kumava entlalontle okanye ngokweemvakalelo
• ukuba nomdla ozinzileyo kwintloko eyodwa okanye izihloko ezimbalwa
• ukubambelela ngokungqongqo kwimikhwa yesiqhelo okanye yokuziphatha ngokwesiko
• ukuphindaphinda isimilo okanye iintshukumo
• umdla omkhulu kwizinto ezithile zezinto
• ukufumana ubunzima ekugcineni ubudlelwane, imisebenzi, okanye ezinye izinto zobomi bemihla ngemihla ngenxa yezi mpawu zidweliswe ngaphambili
• ukungabikho kokulibaziseka ekufundeni ulwimi okanye ukukhula kwengqondo okuqhelekile kwezinye, iimeko ezifanayo zokuphuhla kwengqondo

Ukusukela ngo-2013, i-Asperger ngoku ithathwa njengenxalenye ye-autism kwaye ayisafumaneki njengemeko eyahlukileyo.

I-Asperger's vs. Autism: Yintoni umahluko?

I-Asperger kunye ne-autism azisajongwa njengezifo ezahlukeneyo. Abantu ekusenokwenzeka ukuba babekhe bafumana ukuxilongwa kuka-Asperger endaweni yoko ngoku bafumana isifo se-autism.

Kodwa abantu abaninzi abafunyaniswa benesifo sika-Asperger ngaphambi kokuba kuguqulwe indlela yokuqonda isifo ngo-2013 basabonwa njengabantu abane-Asperger's.

Kwaye abantu abaninzi bakwathatha i-Asperger njengenxalenye yesazisi sabo. Oku kuqwalasela ngokukodwa ukubekwa amabala okusangqonge ukuxilongwa kwe-autism kwiindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela.

Ukanti kuphela "umahluko" wokwenyani phakathi kwezi zifo zimbini kukuba abantu abane-Asperger's banokuthathwa njengexesha elilula "lokudlula" njenge-neurotypical eneempawu kunye neempawu "ezinobumnene" ezinokuthi zifane ne-autism.

Ngaba iindlela zokonyango ziyahluka kwi-Asperger kunye ne-autism?

Akukho nto yayifunyenwe ngaphambili njenge-Asperger okanye i-autism yimeko yonyango efuna "ukunyangwa."

Abo bafunyaniswe benesifo se-autism bathathwa “njengeeurodivergent.” Ukuziphatha kwe-Autistic akuqwalaselwa njengesiqhelo ekuhlaleni. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba i-autism ibonisa ukuba akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngawe.

Yintoni ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba wena okanye umntu ebomini bakho oye wafumanisa ukuba une-autism uyazi ukuba bayathandwa, bayamkelwa, kwaye bayaxhaswa ngabantu ababangqongileyo.

Asinguye wonke umntu kuluntu lwe-autism ovumayo ukuba abantu abane-autistic abadingi nyango.

Kukho impikiswano eqhubekayo phakathi kwabo babona i-autism njengokukhubazeka okufuna unyango lwezonyango ("imodeli yezonyango") kunye nabo babona i-autism "unyango" ngendlela yokufumana amalungelo okukhubazeka, njengokuqeshwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokukhathalelwa kwezempilo.

Nazi ezinye ukuba uyakholelwa kuwe okanye umntu omthandayo ufuna unyango lweendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesiko eziqwalaselwa njengenxalenye yesifo sika-Asperger:

• unyango lwengqondo, olufana nonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT)
• amayeza oxinzelelo okanye ukuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo (OCD)
• intetho okanye unyango lolwimi
• ukuguqulwa kokutya okanye izongezo
• ukhetho olongezelelweyo lwezonyango, njengonyango lonyango

Yise kude

Into ebaluleke kakhulu apha kukuba i-Asperger ayiselona xesha lokusebenza. Iimpawu ebezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ezi zezokuqina ngakumbi ekuchongeni iASD.

Kwaye ukuxilongwa kwe-autism akuthethi ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo "unemeko" efuna "ukunyangwa." Yintoni ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba uyazithanda kwaye uzamkele okanye nawuphina umntu omaziyo omaziyo.

Ukufunda izinto ezingafaniyo ze-ASD kunokukunceda ukuba uqale uqonde ukuba amava e-ASD ngamava omntu ngamnye. Akukho xesha elinye lilingana konke.