Ngaba Kukhuselekile Ukutya Inyama Eluhlaza?

Umxholo

• Umngcipheko wokugula okubangelwa kukutya
• Izitya eziqhelekileyo zenyama eluhlaza
• Akukho zibonelelo zibonakalisiweyo
• Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko
• Umgca wezantsi

Ukutya inyama eluhlaza yinto eqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zokutya kwihlabathi liphela.

Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa olu qheliselo luxhaphakile, kukho inkxalabo yokhuseleko ekufuneka uyiqwalasele.

Eli nqaku liphonononge ukhuseleko lokutya inyama ekrwada.

Umngcipheko wokugula okubangelwa kukutya

Xa usitya inyama ekrwada, owona mngcipheko mkhulu onokuthi uhlangane nawo sisifo esigula kukutya, esiqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yityhefu yokutya.

Oku kubangelwa kukutya ukutya okungcoliswe ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iiparasites, okanye ityhefu. Ngokwesiqhelo, olu lungcoliso lwenzeka ngexesha lokuxhela ukuba amathumbu esilwanyana ngempazamo atyhafiswa kwaye asasaze izifo ezinobungozi enyameni.

Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo kwinyama eluhlaza zibandakanya Salmonella, IClostridium perfringens, E. coli, IListeria monocytogenes, kunye Ubunjani benkampu ().

Iimpawu zokutya okubangelwa kukutya zibandakanya isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, urhudo, ukuxinana esiswini, umkhuhlane kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. Ezi mpawu zihlala zikhona ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 kwaye zinokuhlala ukuya kwiintsuku ezisi-7-okanye ngaphezulu kwiimeko ezithile-njengoko ixesha lixhomekeke kwintsholongwane (2).

Ngokubanzi, ukupheka inyama ngokufanelekileyo kutshabalalisa iintsholongwane ezinokuba yingozi. Kwelinye icala, ii-pathogen zihlala kwinyama eluhlaza. Ke, ukutya inyama ekrwada kukonyusa kakhulu umngcipheko wokugula ngenxa yokutya, kwaye kuya kufuneka ulumke.

Abanye abantu abasemngciphekweni, njengabantwana, abakhulelweyo okanye abasetyhini, kunye nabantu abadala, kufuneka bakuphephe ukutya inyama eluhlaza ngokupheleleyo.

Owona mngcipheko uqhelekileyo onxulunyaniswa nokutya inyama ekrwada kukutya okunetyhefu. Kubantu abathile abasemngciphekweni, oku kuthetha ukuthintela ukutya inyama eluhlaza ngokupheleleyo.

Izitya eziqhelekileyo zenyama eluhlaza

Ezinye izitya zenyama eluhlaza ezivela kwihlabathi liphela zibandakanya:

• Itreyini yeteki: Inyama yenkomo ekrwada exutywe ne-yolk yeqanda, amatswele, kunye nezinongo
• Itartari yetyhuna: ityhuna engatyiwa engadityaniswanga exutywe namayeza kunye neziqholo
• ICarpaccioisitya esivela e-Itali esenziwe nge nyama yenkomo ekrwada okanye intlanzi
• I-Pittsburgh inqabile i-steak: i-steak ebotshiwe ngaphandle kwaye yashiyeka iluhlaza ngaphakathi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "steak emnyama neblue"
• Imitha: isitya saseJamani sehagu ecoliweyo engavuthwanga enongwe ngetyuwa, ipepile, kunye negalikhi okanye icaraway
• Ezinye iintlobo zesushi: isitya saseJapan esineeroli eziqulathe irayisi ephekiweyo kunye neentlanzi eziluhlaza rhoqo
• Ceviche: Iintlanzi ezicoliweyo ezicoliweyo ziphilisiwe ngejusi yesitrasi kunye nesinongo
• Torisashi: Isitya saseJapan semicu yenkukhu ebhityileyo ephekwe ngokufutshane ngaphandle kwaye eluhlaza ngaphakathi

Ezi zitya zifumaneka kwiimenyu ezininzi zokutyela, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba zikhuselekile.

Amaxesha amaninzi izitya zenyama eluhlaza ziya kuba nesibhengezo esincinci esithi, "Ukutya inyama ekrwada okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle, inkukhu, ukutya kwaselwandle, iqokobhe, okanye amaqanda kungonyusa umngcipheko wokugula okubangelwa kukutya."

Oku kulumkisa izidlo ukuba kukho umngcipheko onxulunyaniswa nokutya inyama ekrwada kwaye oko kungakhuselekanga.

Ngapha koko, izitya zenyama eluhlaza zinokulungiswa ekhaya, nangona ukufunxa inyama kubalulekile.

Umzekelo, thenga intlanzi yakho entsha kumthengisi wasekhaya osebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ukutya, okanye uthenge inyama yenkomo ekumgangatho ophezulu yenkomo kwindawo yakho yokuxhela kwaye uyigaye ngokukhethekileyo.

Ezi zinto zinokunceda ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kunye nokugula okubangelwa kukutya.

Izitya zenyama eluhlaza zifunyenwe kwiimenyu zokutyela kwihlabathi liphela, nangona oku akuqinisekisi ngokhuseleko. Banokulungiswa ekhaya, nangona umthombo wenyama kufuneka uphandwe kakuhle.

Akukho zibonelelo zibonakalisiweyo

Nangona abanye bebanga ukuba inyama ekrwada ingaphezulu kwenyama ephekiweyo ngokubhekisele kwixabiso lesondlo kunye nempilo, bukhona ubungqina obulinganiselweyo bokuxhasa lo mbono.

Iingcali ezininzi ze-anthropologists zikhuthaza uluvo lokuba ukupheka ukutya, ngakumbi inyama, kuye kwavumela abantu ukuba baguquke, kuba ukupheka kuphula iiproteni kwaye kwenza kube lula ukuhlafuna kunye nokwetyisa (, 4,,).

Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukupheka inyama kunokunciphisa umxholo wayo weevithamini ezithile kunye neeminerali, kubandakanya i-thiamine, i-riboflavin, i-niacin, isodiyam, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium kunye ne-phosphorus (, 7).

Nangona kunjalo, ezi zifundo ziyaqaphela ukuba amanqanaba ezinye izimbiwa, ngakumbi ubhedu, i-zinc, kunye nentsimbi, ziyonyuka emva kokupheka (, 7).

Ngokuchaseneyo, olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ukupheka kunciphisa i-iron kwiinyama ezithile. Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka uphando olongezelelekileyo ukuze kuqondwe ngcono indlela ukupheka okuchaphazela ngayo ixabiso lesondlo senyama (8).

Naziphi na izibonelelo ezinokubakho zokutya inyama ekrwada kusenokwenzeka ukuba zingaphaya komngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana isifo esigcwele kukutya. Okwangoku, idatha eyongezelelweyo iyafuneka ukuseka umahluko okhethekileyo wesondlo phakathi kwenyama eluhlaza kunye nephekiweyo.

Idatha yomahluko wesondlo phakathi kwenyama eluhlaza kunye nephekiweyo inomda, kwaye akukho zibonelelo zibalulekileyo zokutya inyama eluhlaza kunenyama ephekiweyo.

Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko

Ngelixa ukutya inyama eluhlaza akuqinisekiswanga ukuba kukhuselekile, kukho iindlela ezimbalwa zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokugula.

Xa utya inyama ekrwada, kunokuba bubulumko ukukhetha iqhekeza elipheleleyo lenyama, enje nge-steak okanye inyama esemhlabeni ngaphakathi, ngokuchaseneyo nenyama ecoliweyo esele yenziwe.

Kungenxa yokuba inyama yenkomo esele yenziwe kwangaphambili inokuba nenyama evela kwiinkomo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, inyusa kakhulu umngcipheko wokugula okubangelwa kukutya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-steak ivela kwinkomo enye. Kwaye indawo engcolileyo incinci kakhulu.

Kwale ndlela inye ziyasebenza nakwezinye iintlobo zenyama, ezinje ngeentlanzi, inkukhu kunye nengulube. Ekugqibeleni, ukutya naluphi na uhlobo lwenyama eluhlaza yomhlaba kuyingozi kakhulu kunokutya inyama eluhlaza okanye inyama yonke.

Ukukhetha iintlanzi eziluhlaza yenye indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko. Iintlanzi eziluhlaza zihlala zikhuselekile kunezinye iintlobo zenyama eluhlaza, njengoko ihlala iqabile kwakamsinya emva kokuba ibanjiwe - isenzo esibulala inani lezifo eziyingozi (, 10).

Kwelinye icala, inkuku iyingozi kakhulu ukuyitya iluhlaza.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye inyama, inkukhu ithande ukuba neebhaktiriya ezinobungozi ngakumbi Salmonella. Ikwanesakhiwo esineentunja ezininzi, esivumela iintsholongwane ukuba zingene nzulu enyameni. Yiyo loo nto, ukuthunga umphezulu wenkukhu eluhlaza kungabonakali ukubulala zonke ii-pathogen (,).

Okokugqibela, umngcipheko wokugula ngenxa yokutya unokuthintelwa xa upheka inyama yehagu, inyama yenkomo kunye nentlanzi kubushushu obungaphakathi obuphakathi kwe-145ºF (63ºC), inyama yasemhlabeni ukuya kwi-160ºF (71ºC), kunye neenkukhu ukuya kwi-165ºF (74ºC) (13) .

Ngelixa ukutya inyama eluhlaza kuza nomngcipheko, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukonyusa ukhuseleko lokutya kwaye unokuthintela ukugula okubangelwa kukutya.

Umgca wezantsi

Izitya zenyama eluhlaza zixhaphakile kwiimenyu zokutyela kwihlabathi liphela, nangona oku akuthethi ukuba bakhuselekile.

Umngcipheko omkhulu onxulunyaniswa nokutya inyama ekrwada kukukhula kwesifo esibangelwa kukungcola kwizifo eziyingozi.

Kukho iindlela zokunciphisa lo mngcipheko xa usitya inyama ekrwada, nangona ukuthintela umngcipheko ngokupheleleyo, kubalulekile ukupheka inyama kubushushu bangaphakathi obufanelekileyo.

Abantu abasemngciphekweni owandayo, njengabantwana, abakhulelweyo okanye abasetyhini, kunye nabantu abadala, kufuneka bakuphephe ukutya inyama ekrwada ngokupheleleyo.