I-Aspergillus fumigatus

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni?
• Izifo ezibangelwa ngu-A. fumigatus
• Isifo se-bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
• I-aspergillosis engapheliyo
• I-aspergillosis engaqhelekanga
• Unyango losulelo lwe-A. fumigatus
• Ukuthintela ukugula
• Ziphephe izinto ezinokubangela ukuba unxibelelane nazo I-Aspergillus iintlobo.
• Thatha amayeza okubola
• Ukuvavanywa kwe I-Aspergillus iintlobo
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

I-Aspergillus fumigatus luhlobo lwefungus. Inokufumaneka kwindalo iphela, kubandakanya umhlaba, umba wezityalo, kunye nothuli lwasekhaya. Lo mngundo unakho ukuvelisa iintaka ezibizwa ngokuba yi-conidia.

Uninzi lwabantu lunokungenisa uninzi lwezi spores mihla le. Kumntu osempilweni, amajoni omzimba ahlala ebasusa emzimbeni ngaphandle kwengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, ukusezela A. fumigatus, ii-spores zingakhokelela kusulelo olunokuba sengozini.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokugula A. fumigatus ukuba u:

• unamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, anokubandakanya ukuba uthatha iziyobisi ezikhuselayo, unomdlavuza othile wegazi, okanye ukwinqanaba lokugqibela likaGawulayo
• unemeko yemiphunga, enjenge-asthma okanye i-cystic fibrosis
• Unobalo lweeseli ezimhlophe ezisezantsi, ezinokuthi zenzeke ukuba ufumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy, ukuba une-leukemia, okanye ukuba une-organ transplant
• Kudala unyango lwe-corticosteroid yexesha elide
• bayachacha kusulelo lwakutsha nje lomkhuhlane

Izifo ezibangelwa ngu-A. fumigatus

Usulelo olubangelwa yi I-Aspergillus iintlobo ngundo ibizwa ngokuba aspergillosis.

A. fumigatus sesinye sezizathu zokuba aspergillosis. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba enye I-Aspergillus iintlobo nazo zingosulela abantu. Ezi ntlobo zinokubandakanya A. flavus, A. niger, kunye A. terreus.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-aspergillosis, kubandakanya:

Isifo se-bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Le meko ayidibani nengxaki I-Aspergillus iimbewu. Le mpendulo ingakhokelela kumonakalo kwindlela yakho yomoya nasemiphungeni. Ihlala ifumaneka kubantu abaneemeko ezifana nesifuba kunye necystic fibrosis.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ifiva
• ubuthathaka
• iimvakalelo ngokubanzi zokugula okanye ukungonwabi
• ukukhohlela iiplagi ezimdaka zencindi okanye yencindi enegazi

Abantu abane-asthma banokuqaphela ukuba iimpawu zabo ze-asthma ziqala ukuba nzima. Oku kunokubandakanya ukonyuka kokuphefumla okufutshane okanye ukuvutha.

I-aspergillosis engapheliyo

Isifo se-aspergillosis esinganyangekiyo sikhula ngokuqhubekayo. Inokwenzeka kubantu abaneemeko ezingapheliyo zemiphunga ezibangela indawo zomoya ezibizwa ngokuba yimingxunya ukuba yenze umphunga. Imizekelo yeemeko ezinjalo ibandakanya isifo sephepha kunye ne-emphysema.

I-aspergillosis engapheliyo yamapulmoni inokubonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi, ezinokubandakanya:

• amabala amancinci e I-Aspergillus usulelo emiphungeni, ebizwa ngokuba ngamaqhuqhuva
• Iibhola ezixineneyo zemingundo ngaphakathi komphunga wemiphunga, ebizwa ngokuba zii-aspergillomas (ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela iingxaki ezinjengokopha emiphungeni)
• Usulelo oluxhaphakileyo lweemiphunga ezininzi zemiphunga, ezinokuthi okanye zingabinayo i-aspergillomas

Xa ushiywe unganyangwa, usulelo oluxhaphakileyo lunokukhokelela ekuqineni nasekunqabeni kwethishu yemiphunga, enokuthi ikhokelele ekuphulukaneni nomsebenzi wemiphunga.

Abantu abane-pulmonary aspergillosis banokuphuhlisa ezi mpawu:

• ifiva
• ukukhohlela, okunokubandakanya ukukhwehlela igazi
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• iimvakalelo zokudinwa
• iimvakalelo ngokubanzi zokugula okanye ukungonwabi
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga
• ukubila ebusuku

I-aspergillosis engaqhelekanga

I-aspergillosis ehlaselayo yeyona ndlela iqatha kakhulu ye-aspergillosis kwaye inokubulala xa inganyangwa. Kwenzeka xa usulelo lwe-aspergillosis luqala emiphungeni kwaye lusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho, njengesikhumba sakho, ingqondo, okanye izintso. I-aspergillosis ehlaselayo yenzeka kuphela kubantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka kakhulu.

Iimpawu ze-aspergillosis engafunekiyo inokubandakanya:

• ifiva
• ukukhwehlela, okunokubandakanya ukukhwehlela igazi
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Intlungu yesifuba, enokuba mbi ngakumbi xa uphefumla nzulu

Xa usulelo lusasazeka ngaphandle kwemiphunga, iimpawu zinokuxhomekeka kweliphi icala lomzimba elichaphazelekayo, kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• amehlo adumbileyo
• impumlo
• intlungu edibeneyo
• izilonda eluswini
• ubunzima kwintetho
• ukudideka
• ukuxhuzula

Unyango losulelo lwe-A. fumigatus

An A. fumigatus Usulelo kunokuba nzima ukulufumanisa kuba iimpawu zihlala zifana nezinye iimeko zemiphunga ezifana nesifo sephepha.

Ukongeza, uvavanyo oluncinci lwesikhohlela okanye iisampulu zethishu zinokungahambelani kuba I-Aspergillus iintlobo zinokubonakala zifana kakhulu nezinye iintlobo zokungunda xa zijongwa ngemicroscope.

Iindlela zokuchonga I-Aspergillus ingaquka:

• inkcubeko yesampulu yesikhohlela oza kuyifumana I-Aspergillus ukukhula
• i-X-ray yesifuba ukukhangela iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje nge-aspergillomas
• uvavanyo lwegazi ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba ii-antibodies ku I-Aspergillus akho egazini lakho
• ukusabela kwetyathanga le-polymerase (PCR), eyindlela yeemolekyuli enokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa I-Aspergillus iintlobo ezivela kwisikhohlela okanye isampulu yethishu
• iimvavanyo zokufumanisa icandelo lodonga lwefungal yeseli I-Aspergillus kunye nezinye iintlobo zokungunda (uvavanyo lwe-antigen ye-galactomannan kunye ne-beta-d-glucan assay)
• ulusu okanye uvavanyo lwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukungabikho komzimba I-Aspergillus iimbewu

Isigulo se-bronchopulmonary aspergillosis sinokunyangwa nge-corticosteroids yomlomo. Ngamanye amaxesha uya kuthatha i-corticosteroids ngokudibanisa namayeza okubola njenge-itraconazole.

I-aspergillosis engapheliyo ye-pulmonary equlathe amaqhuqhuva okanye i-aspergillomas eyodwa ayinakufuna unyango. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa ukuba awunayo impawu. Amaqhuqhuva kufuneka abekwe esweni rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba aqhubeki.

Amayeza okubulala asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezinzulu ze-pulmary aspergillosis, kunye ne-aspergillosis engafunekiyo. Imizekelo yamayeza anokuthi asebenze yi-voriconazole, itraconazole, kunye ne-amphotericin B.

Kutshanje, abaphandi baqaphele ukumelana ne A. fumigatus Amayeza okubulala i-azole. Oku kubandakanya iziyobisi ezinjenge voriconazole kunye ne-intraconazole. Kwiimeko apho usulelo luyanyangeka kwi-azole antifungals, ezinye izinto zokubulala ezinje nge-amphotericin B ziya kufuneka zisetyenziselwe unyango.

Ukudityaniswa okanye ukususwa ngotyando kukwanokukhetha ukuba i-aspergillomas ibangela iingxaki ezinjengokopha emiphungeni.

Ukuthintela ukugula

A. fumigatus kunye nezinye I-Aspergillus iintlobo ezikhoyo kwindalo yonke. Ngesi sizathu, kunokuba nzima ukuthintela ukubonakaliswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukwiqela elisemngciphekweni, kukho amanyathelo athile onokuwathatha ukwenza usulelo lube ncinane.

Ziphephe izinto ezinokubangela ukuba unxibelelane nazo I-Aspergillus iintlobo.

Imizekelo ibandakanya igadi, umsebenzi weyadi, okanye ukutyelela iindawo zokwakha. Ukuba kufuneka ubekho kwezi meko, qiniseka ukunxiba ibhulukhwe ende kunye nemikhono. Nxiba iiglavu ukuba uzakuphatha umhlaba okanye umgquba. Isiphefumli se-N95 sinokukunceda ukuba uza kuvezwa kwiindawo ezinothuli kakhulu.

Thatha amayeza okubola

Ukuba kutshanje uye wenza inkqubo efana nokufakelwa komzimba, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okubulala intsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo.

Ukuvavanywa kwe I-Aspergillus iintlobo

Ukuba ukwiqela elisemngciphekweni, kuvavanywa rhoqo I-Aspergillus inokunceda ukufumanisa usulelo lusaqala. Ukuba isifo sifunyenwe, wena nogqirha wakho ninokusebenzisana ukuze nenze isicwangciso sonyango.

Ukuthatha

I-Aspergillus fumigatus kunokubangela ukugula okunokubakho kubantu abane-immune system okanye iimeko zemiphunga ezibuthathaka. Usulelo olubangelwa A. fumigatus kunye nezinye I-Aspergillus iintlobo zibizwa ngokuba yi-aspergillosis.

Umbono we-aspergillosis uxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• uhlobo losulelo
• indawo yosulelo
• imeko yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela

Ukufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyangwa kwe-aspergillosis kunokunceda ukuphucula imeko.

Ukuba ukwiqela elisemngciphekweni wokuphuhliswa kwe-aspergillosis, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokukuxelela iindlela zokuthintela usulelo.