Isifo sombefu kunye neCOPD: Uwuxelela njani umahluko

Umxholo

• Ubudala
• Oonobangela
• Isifo sombefu
• ICOPD
• Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela
• Isifo sombefu
• ICOPD
• Iimpawu
• Ukonakala
• Unyango
• Isifo sombefu
• Imbonakalo

Kutheni i-asthma kunye neCOPD zihlala zididekile

Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD) ligama eliqhelekileyo elichaza izifo zokuphefumla eziqhubekayo ezifana ne-emphysema kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo. I-COPD ibonakaliswa kukuncipha kokuhamba komoya ngokuhamba kwexesha, kunye nokudumba kwezicubu ezihamba kumgaqo womoya.

Isifo sombefu sidla ngokuthathwa njengesifo sokuphefumla esahlukileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha siyaphazama kwiCOPD. Aba babini baneempawu ezifanayo. Ezi mpawu zibandakanya ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, ukuvutha, kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane.

Ngokwe (NIH), malunga nezigidi ezingama-24 zaseMelika zineCOPD. Phantse isiqingatha sabo abazi ukuba banaso. Ukuhlawula ingqalelo kwiimpawu-ngakumbi kubantu abatshayayo, okanye abade batshaye-banokunceda abo bane-COPD ukuba bafumane isifo kwangoko. Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunokuba kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kwemiphunga kubantu abaneCOPD.

Malunga nabantu abaneCOPD banesifuba. Isifo sombefu sithathwa njengomngcipheko wokukhula kweCOPD. Ithuba lakho lokufumana esi sifo siphindwe kabini njengoko ukhula.

Isifo se-asthma kunye ne-COPD zisenokubonakala zifana, kodwa ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo kwezi zinto zilandelayo kunokukunceda ukuba uchaze umahluko phakathi kwezi meko zimbini.

Ubudala

Ukuphazamiseka komoya kwenzeka ngezifo zombini. Ubudala benkcazo yokuqala ihlala iyinto eyahlulahlula phakathi kweCOPD kunye nesifuba.

Abantu abane-asthma bafunyaniswa ukuba bangabantwana, njengoko kuphawuliwe nguGqirha Neil Schachter, umlawuli wezonyango kwisebe lezonyango lokuphefumla kwiSibhedlele iMount Sinai eNew York. Kwelinye icala, iimpawu zeCOPD zihlala zibonisa kuphela kubantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 abakhoyo ngoku okanye abatshayayo ngaphambili, ngokuka.

Oonobangela

Izizathu zesifo sombefu kunye neCOPD zahlukile.

Isifo sombefu

Iingcali aziqinisekanga ukuba kutheni abanye abantu befumana isifuba, ngelixa abanye bengenaso. Kungenzeka ukuba ibangelwe yindibaniselwano yemo engqongileyo kunye nelifa (imfuza) yezinto. Kuyaziwa ukuba ukubonakaliswa kweentlobo ezithile zezinto (i-allergen) kunokubangela ukwaliwa. Oku kwahluka kumntu kumntu. Ezinye zezinto ezibangela isifuba zibandakanya: umungu, uthuli, ukungunda, iinwele zezilwanyana, usulelo lokuphefumla, ukwenza imisebenzi yomzimba, umoya obandayo, umsi, amanye amayeza anje nge-beta blockers kunye neasprini, uxinzelelo, isulfite kunye nezinto ezisigcinayo ezongezwa kwezinye ukutya neziselo, kunye negastroesophageal Isifo se-Reflux (GERD).

ICOPD

Unobangela owaziwayo weCOPD kwilizwe eliphuhlileyo kukutshaya. Kumazwe asakhasayo, kubangelwa kukuvezwa ngumsi ovela kumlilo ovuthayo wokupheka kunye nokufudumeza. Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, iipesenti ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-30 zabantu abatshayayo rhoqo baphuhlisa i-COPD. Ukutshaya kunye nokutshaya kuyayicaphukisa imiphunga, kubangele iityhubhu ze-bronchial kunye neesaka zomoya ziphulukane nobuthathaka bendalo kunye nokwanda okungaphezulu, okushiya umoya ubambeke emiphungeni xa uphuma.

Phantse iipesenti ezi-1 zabantu abane-COPD bakhulisa esi sifo ngenxa yesifo esingofuzo esibangela amanqanaba asezantsi eprotini ebizwa ngokuba yi-alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAt). Le protein inceda ukukhusela imiphunga. Ngaphandle kwawo, umonakalo wemiphunga uvela ngokulula, kungekuphela nje kubantu abatshayayo ixesha elide kodwa nakwiintsana nakubantwana abangazange batshaye.

Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela

Ubume bezinto ezibangela ukuba i-COPD xa ithelekiswa nokuphendula kwesifuba zahlukile.

Isifo sombefu

Isifo sombefu sidla ngokwenziwa mandundu ngokubhencwa kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• iiallergen
• umoya obandayo
• umthambo

ICOPD

Ukunyuka kweCOPD kubangelwa ikakhulu sisifo sokuphefumla esifana nenyumoniya kunye nomkhuhlane. I-COPD inokwenziwa mandundu ngokuvezwa kukungcola kwendalo.

Iimpawu

I-COPD kunye neempawu ze-asthma zibonakala ngathi ziyafana, ngakumbi ukuphefumla okufutshane okwenzeka kuzo zombini izifo. Ukuphendula ngendlela yomoya (xa iindlela zakho zomoya zibuthathaka kakhulu kwizinto ozivuzayo) yinto eqhelekileyo kuzo zombini i-asthma kunye neCOPD.

Ukonakala

I-comorbidities zizifo kunye neemeko onazo ukongeza kwesona sifo siphambili. I-comorbidities ye-asthma kunye ne-COPD nazo zihlala zifana. Ziquka:

• igazi elonyukayo
• ukuhamba kakuhle
• ukuphuthelwa
• sinusitis
• migraine
• ukudakumba
• izilonda zesisu
• umhlaza

Omnye wafumanisa ukuba ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-20 zabantu abaneCOPD baneemeko ezintathu okanye nangaphezulu.

Unyango

Isifo sombefu

Isifo sombefu yimeko yonyango yexesha elide kodwa sesinye esinokulawulwa ngonyango olululo. Inxalenye ephambili yonyango ibandakanya ukuqonda isifo sakho se-asthma kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela. Kukwabalulekile ukuba unike ingqalelo ukuphefumla kwakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuba amayeza akho esi sifo somhla ngemihla ayasebenza. Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwesifo sombefu kubandakanya:

• amayeza okunceda ngokukhawuleza (ii-bronchodilators) ezinje ngee-beta agonists ezimfutshane, ipratropium (Atrovent), kunye ne-corticosteroids yomlomo kunye ne-intravenous
• amayeza okwaliwa ezinje nge-allergy shots (immunotherapy) kunye ne-omalizumab (Xolair)
• ixesha elide amayeza olawulo lwesifuba ezinje nge-corticosteroids ezi-inhaled, i-leukotriene modifiers, ii-agonists ze-beta ezisebenza ixesha elide, indibaniselwano ye-inhalers kunye ne-theophylline
• ityhefu yelungu lobushushu

I-bronchial thermoplasty ibandakanya ukufudumeza ngaphakathi kwemiphunga kunye neendlela zomoya nge-electrode. Iyancipha umsipha ogudileyo ngaphakathi kwomoya. Oku kunciphisa amandla omoya wokuqinisa, yenza kubelula ukuphefumla kwaye mhlawumbi kunciphise ukuhlaselwa sisifuba.

Imbonakalo

Zombini i-asthma kunye ne-COPD ziimeko zexesha elide ezingenakuphiliswa, kodwa iimbono zento nganye ziyahluka. Isifo sombefu sithanda ukulawulwa ngokulula yonke imihla. Ngelixa i-COPD iye isiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngelixa abantu abane-asthma kunye ne-COPD behlala benezifo ebomini, kwezinye iimeko zesifuba somntwana, esi sifo sihamba ngokupheleleyo emva kobuntwana. Zombini izigulana ezinesifo sombefu kunye nezeCOPD zinokunciphisa iimpawu zazo kwaye zithintele iingxaki ngokubambelela kwizicwangciso zazo zonyango ezimiselweyo.