Iingxaki ze-Asthma

Umxholo

• Nini ukufuna unyango
• Iingxaki ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuphila
• Lala
• Umsebenzi womzimba
• Iingxaki kubantu abadala ngokuchasene nabantwana
• Iingxaki zonyango
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango
• Ukulungiswa komoya
• Isibhedlele
• Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sombefu kunye nokusilela ekuphefumuleni
• Ezinye izinto
• Kutheni le nto zisenzeka nje?
• Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa une-asthma

Yintoni i-asthma?

Isifo sombefu sisifo esinganyangekiyo sokuphefumla esibangela ukudumba kunye nokuxinana kweendlela zomoya. Ingabangela iimpawu ezinje:

• ukubhuza, isandi esifana nokubetha umlozi ngelixa uphefumla
• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• uvakalelo oluqinileyo esifubeni sakho
• ukukhohlela

Ubungqongqo beempawu buyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuvuthwa kunye nokukhohlela kunokubangela uhlaselo lwesifuba, apho iimpawu ziya zisonakala okwexeshana. Akukho lunyango lwesifuba, kodwa unyango lunokunceda. Kubalulekile ukunyanga imeko kwangoko ukuthintela iingxaki zempilo ekuphuhliseni.

Ezi ngxaki zinokuba zexeshana elifutshane, ezinje ngokuhlaselwa sisifuba, okanye ixesha elide, njengokutyeba kakhulu okanye uxinzelelo. Funda ukuze ufunde ukuba zeziphi iingxaki onokuziphepha ngononophelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokhathalelo lokuthintela.

Nini ukufuna unyango

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba uza kubona nini ugqirha, ukuba ngaba une-asthma. I-asthma inhaler ihlala iphucula iimpawu zakho. Kodwa khangela unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba iimpawu zakho ze-asthma aziphucuki emva kokusebenzisa i-inhaler.

Funa unonophelo olungxamisekileyo ukuba unayo:

• kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumla
• iintlungu zesifuba
• kunzima ukuhamba okanye ukuthetha
• umbala oluluhlaza eluswini

Yenza idinga nogqirha nokuba uneempawu zesifo sombefu ngokuzilolonga kancinci okanye ungazami nakancinci. Isifo sombefu sinokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ukuphindaphindeka kweempawu zakho kuyanda kwaye kuya kufuneka usebenzise i-inhaler rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukulungelelanisa unyango lwakho.

Iingxaki ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuphila

Lala

Abanye abantu abanesifo sesifuba bafumana uninzi lweempawu zabo ebusuku. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kunokukhokelela ekuphelisweni kokulala okunzulu. Ukungabikho kokulala okungapheliyo kuthintela amandla okusebenza ngokufanelekileyo emsebenzini nasesikolweni. Inokuba yingozi ngakumbi ukuba ufuna ukuqhuba okanye ukusebenzisa oomatshini.

Umsebenzi womzimba

Isifo sombefu sinokugcina abanye abantu ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwimithambo okanye kwimidlalo. Ukungabikho kokuzivocavoca kwandisa umngcipheko wakho:

• isifo seswekile
• igazi elonyukayo
• ukutyeba kwakho
• ukudakumba

Iingxaki kubantu abadala ngokuchasene nabantwana

Abantu abadala nabantwana bafumana iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifuba. Kodwa iingxaki ezikhulayo zinokuba nefuthe elahlukileyo ngokusekwe kubudala.

Iingxaki zonyango

Isifo sombefu sisifo sexesha elide kwaye sisongela ubomi esifuna unyango oluqhubekayo. Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu weziphumo zexesha elide kunye neengxaki ezinzima. Iziphumo zexesha elide zibandakanya:

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango

Amayeza athile esifuba anokubangela:

• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza
• ukudinwa
• Ukucaphuka komqala (inhaled corticosteroids)
• usulelo lomlomo ngomlomo (inhaled corticosteroids)
• ukungalali (theophylline)
• i-reflux yegastroesophageal (theophylline)

Ukulungiswa komoya

Kwabanye abantu, i-asthma ibangela ukudumba okungapheliyo kwindlela yomoya. Oku kungakhokelela kutshintsho olusisigxina kulwakhiwo lomoya, okanye ukulungiswa kwendlela yomoya. Ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuhamba komoya kubandakanya lonke utshintsho kwiiseli ezakhiweyo kunye nezicubu kwindlela yomoya ye-asthmatic. Utshintsho kwindlela yomoya kunokukhokelela ku:

• ukulahleka komsebenzi wemiphunga
• ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo
• udonga lomoya luyaqina
• ukwanda kwamadlala enzala kunye nemveliso yencindi
• ukwanda kokunikezelwa kwegazi kwiindlela zomoya

Isibhedlele

Ingxelo ngo-2011 ukuba i-asthma i-akhawunti ye-1.3 yeepesenti yazo zonke iindwendwe zegumbi lokuxakeka e-US. Ngethamsanqa, phantse wonke umntu ofumene unyango uyachacha kulona hlaselo lukhulu.

Esibhedlele, unokunikwa ioksijini ngokusebenzisa imaski yobuso okanye ityhubhu yempumlo. Unokufuna amayeza asebenza ngokukhawuleza okanye idosi ye-steroids. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ugqirha unokufaka ityhubhu yokuphefumla kwindlela yakho yomoya ukugcina ukuhamba komoya kwimiphunga yakho. Uya kujongwa kwiiyure ezimbalwa de uzinze.

Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sombefu kunye nokusilela ekuphefumuleni

Abantu abane-asthma enzima banomngcipheko okhulayo wokuphefumula.Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla kwenzeka xa i-oksijini eyaneleyo isuka kwimiphunga yakho iye egazini lakho. Isifo sombefu esisongela ubomi sinqabile, kodwa sidla ngokubangela iimpawu eziqhubeka zisiba mbi kwiintsuku ezininzi. Buza ugqirha wakho ngakumbi malunga nokhetho lwakho kunye nendlela yokuyilawula imeko yakho, ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba unokuba nesifuba somngcipheko esisongela ubomi.

Ukuba ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla akuphathwa ngokukhawuleza, kunokukhokelela ekufeni. Uqikelelo lwabantu abasithoba baseMelika babulawa sisifuba yonke imihla. Kukho ngaphezulu kwe-4,000 yokufa kwesifo se-asthma ngonyaka eMelika. Kodwa uninzi lwaba bantu baswelekileyo banokuthintelwa ngeempawu ezifanelekileyo kunye nokhathalelo olungxamisekileyo.

Ezinye izinto

I-pneumonia: Isifuba somzimba sichaphazela i-airways kunye nokuphefumla. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana inyumoniya. Olu sulelo lubangela ukudumba emiphungeni. Iimpawu zibandakanya ukuphefumla nzima, umkhuhlane, iintlungu esifubeni kunye nentliziyo ebetha ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa i-asthma ayinyusi umngcipheko we-pneumonia.

Kutheni le nto zisenzeka nje?

Ubunzima be-asthma benzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuqhambuka zibandakanya ukubakho rhoqo okanye okunzima kokuchasayo okanye kwizigulo, ezinje:

• umungu
• iintsholongwane zothuli
• dander isilwanyana
• umsi wecuba
• abacoci bendlu

Ukongeza, abanye abantu bathambekele ekubeni ne-flare-ups emva kokuthatha inxaxheba kwimithambo yomzimba. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba sisifo sombefu esenziwa kukuzilolonga.

Iimvakalelo kunye nezonyango zinokubangela iingxaki zesifuba. Uxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo lunokuzenza mandundu iimpawu zesifuba. I-Reflux ebandayo okanye eneasidi inokwenza okufanayo. Abanye abantu banamava esifuba emva kokuthatha amayeza athile, njengeasprini okanye ibuprofen.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufunde ukuba ungazichonga njani izinto ezibangela umntu ngamnye. Ukubazi kunokukunceda ulawule i-asthma yakho. Gcina irekhodi lohlaselo ngalunye okanye i-flare-up ukukhangela oyena nobangela.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa une-asthma

Isifo sombefu sinokuba yimeko enzulu, kodwa ngenkathalo efanelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ubomi obunempilo, obusebenzayo. Unyango lunokukunceda ulawule kwaye ulawule iimpawu zakho. Nangona ungeke ukwazi ukuthintela i-asthma, unokuthintela ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma.

Kuba umthambo unokuyomeleza imiphunga yakho, buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokhetho olukhuselekileyo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe wandise amandla omsebenzi wakho. Musa ukuthandabuza ukufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki emva kokusebenzisa inhaler yakho.