Ukuhamba ngeNyumoniya (iAtypical Pneumonia): Iimpawu, oonobangela, kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu zokuhamba inyumoniya?
• Zeziphi iintlobo zenyumoniya yokuhamba?
• Yintoni eyonyusa umngcipheko wokuhamba inyumoniya?
• Ugqirha wakho uza kuyifumana njani le meko?
• Uyinyanga njani inyumoniya?
• Unyango lwasekhaya
• Iingcebiso ngononophelo lwasekhaya
  
• Unyango
• Isibhedlele
• Leliphi ixesha lokubuyisela kule meko?
• Uyithintela njani inyumoniya?
• Imikhuba emihle yococeko
  

Yintoni i-pneumonia yokuhamba?

Ukuhamba inyumoniya yintsholongwane yebhaktiriya echaphazela indlela yakho yokuphefumla ephezulu kunye esezantsi. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-atypical pneumonia, kuba ihlala ingekho qatha njengezinye iintlobo zenyumoniya. Ayibangeli iimpawu ezifuna ukuphumla ebhedini okanye ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Inokuziva nje njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kwaye ingabonakali njenge-pneumonia. Uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukuqhubeka nobomi babo bemihla ngemihla.

Olu hlobo lwenyumoniya luthathwa njenge-atypical ngenxa yokuba iiseli ezibangela usulelo ziyanyangeka kwi-penicillin, ichiza eliqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukunyanga inyumoniya. Phantse izigidi ezi-2 zabantu eUnited States bahamba inyumoniya ngenxa yeMycoplasma pneumoniae unyaka nonyaka. Ukuhamba inyumoniya kunokuhlala naphi na ukusuka kwiveki ukuya kwinyanga.

Ziintoni iimpawu zokuhamba inyumoniya?

Iimpawu zokuhamba nge-pneumonia zihlala zimnene kwaye zikhangeleka ngathi yingqele eqhelekileyo. Iimpawu zinokuthi zihambe kancinci ekuqaleni (zibonise malunga neeveki ezimbini emva kokuvezwa) kwaye zisiba mbi ngaphezulu kwenyanga. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• umqala obuhkungu
• ukudumba kwintambo yomoya kunye namasebe awo aphambili
• ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo (owomileyo)
• intloko ebuhlungu

Iimpawu ezihlala ixesha elide kuneveki zinokuba luphawu lokuhamba inyumoniya.

Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokujonga ukuba isifo siphi na. Umzekelo, usulelo kwindawo ephezulu yokuphefumla luya kubangela ukuphefumla okungakumbi, ngelixa usulelo kumgudu wokuphefumla ongezantsi, kubandakanya nemiphunga, kunokubangela isicaphucaphu, ukugabha okanye isisu esibuhlungu.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubandakanya:

• Ukugodola
• Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• ukuvutha
• ukuphefumla nzima
• iintlungu zesifuba
• intlungu zesisu
• ukugabha
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya

Iimpawu ebantwaneni: Abantwana, iintsana kunye nabancinci banokubonisa iimpawu ezifanayo njengabantu abadala. Kodwa nokuba umntwana wakho uziva elungile ngokwaneleyo ukuba angaya esikolweni, kuya kufuneka ahlale ekhaya de iimpawu zakhe zibe ngcono.

Zeziphi iintlobo zenyumoniya yokuhamba?

Ukuhamba inyumoniya kuhlala kubuyiswa ekhaya ngabantwana abavela esikolweni. Iintsapho ezosuleleka zizakubonisa iimpawu kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu kamva. Zintathu iintlobo zebacteria ezibangela inyumoniya yokuhamba.

I-Mycoplasma pneumonia: Kuqikelelwa ukuba eUnited States zibangelwa Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Ihlala ithambile kunezinye iintlobo zenyumoniya kwaye sesona sizathu siphambili sesifo semiphunga kwabantwana abaneminyaka esikolweni.

Inyumoniya yeChlamydial: Abantwana abasesikolweni kunokwenzeka ukuba bosulelwe I-Chlamydia pneumoniae ibhaktiriya. Kuqikelelwa ukuba e-United States bosuleleka nyaka ngamnye ngale ntsholongwane.

Legionella inyumoniya (Isifo seLegionnaires): Le yenye yezona ndlela zintle zokuhamba inyumoniya, njengoko inokubangela ukusilela kokuphefumla kunye nokufa. Ayisasazeli ngomntu nomntu, kodwa ngamathontsi avela kwiinkqubo zamanzi ezingcolileyo. Ichaphazela ikakhulu abantu abadala, abo banezigulo ezinganyangekiyo, kunye neenkqubo zokuzikhusela komzimba ezibuthathaka. Malunga noku kufunyanwa minyaka le e-United States.

Yintoni eyonyusa umngcipheko wokuhamba inyumoniya?

Njenge-pneumonia, umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa inyumoniya ephezulu ukuba:

• Ngaphezulu kweminyaka yobudala engama-65
• Iminyaka emi-2 ubudala okanye ngaphantsi
• ukugula okanye ukukhubazeka komzimba
• Umsebenzisi wexesha elide weziyobisi ezikhuselayo
• ukuhlala nemeko yokuphefumla enjengesifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• umntu osebenzisa i-corticosteroids emuncu ixesha elide
• umntu otshaya icuba

Ugqirha wakho uza kuyifumana njani le meko?

Awunakho ukutyelela ugqirha ngeempawu zakho. Nangona kunjalo, enye yeendlela ugqirha anokuqinisekisa ngayo ukuxilongwa kwenyumoniya kukuba ufumana iX-ray yesifuba. I-X-ray yesifuba iyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwenyumoniya kunye nezinye izifo zokuphefumla, ezinjenge-bronchitis ebukhali. Ukuba undwendwela ugqirha wakho ngeempawu zakho, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi:

• yenza uvavanyo lomzimba
• buza malunga nembali yakho yezempilo kunye neyonyango
• buza malunga neempawu zakho
• yenza ezinye iimvavanyo zokufumanisa inyumoniya

Ezinye iimvavanyo zaselebhu ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa inyumoniya zibandakanya:

• inkcubeko yencindi kwimiphunga yakho, ebizwa ngokuba sisikhohlela
• isifundo sebala lesikhohlela
• swab yomqala
• ubalo olupheleleyo lwegazi (CBC)
• iimvavanyo zeeantigen ezithile okanye izilwa-buhlungu
• inkcubeko yegazi

Uyinyanga njani inyumoniya?

Unyango lwasekhaya

I-pneumonia ihlala inyangwa ekhaya. Nanga amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukulawula ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo:

Iingcebiso ngononophelo lwasekhaya

• Nciphisa umkhuhlane ngokuthatha i-acetaminophen okanye ibuprofen.
• Luphephe iyeza lokucinezela elikhohlisayo njengoko linokwenza kube nzima ukwenza ukukhwehlela kwakho kuvelise.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi kunye nolunye ulwelo.
• Phumla kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukuhamba inyumoniya kuyosulela xa wosulelekile. Umntu unokosulela abanye kuphela ngexesha leentsuku ezili-10 xa iimpawu zakhe zinzima kakhulu.

Unyango

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokubanzi amiselwe ngokusekwe kudidi lwebacteria ebangela inyumoniya yakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo unokuchacha kwinyumoniya yodwa. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuyalela unyango ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuphela ukuba unenyumoniya. Qiniseka ukuba uthatha onke amayeza ubude obugcweleyo, nokuba uziva ungcono ngaphambi kokuba uthathe konke.

Isibhedlele

Ezinye izigulana ezine-pneumonia ye-atypical (pneumonia ebukhali kakhulu ngenxa yeLegionella pneumophila) ifuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunyango lwentsholongwane kunye nenkxaso. Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ukuba ukwelinye lamaqela anobungozi kakhulu. Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakho esibhedlele, unokufumana unyango lwe-antibiotic, i-intravenous fluid, kunye nonyango lokuphefumula, ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla.

Leliphi ixesha lokubuyisela kule meko?

Le meko inqabile ukuba ibe nzulu kwaye inokuhamba yodwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ungakhuthaza ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo ngokufumana ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo kunye namanzi ekhaya. Ukuba ugqiba ukutyelela ugqirha, unokufumana i-antibiotic, eya kunciphisa ixesha elithathayo ukufumana kwakhona. Qiniseka ukuba uthabatha i-antibiotic yakho ngexesha elimiselweyo.

Uyithintela njani inyumoniya?

Akukho lugonyo luthintela ukuhamba inyumoniya okanye ibacteria eyibangelayo. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba uphinde uphinde usuleleke, ngoko ukuthintela kubalulekile. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubantwana, abanokufumana intsholongwane esikolweni.

Imikhuba emihle yococeko

• Hlamba izandla zakho ngaphambi kokuchukumisa ubuso bakho nokuphatha ukutya.
• Khohlela okanye uthimlele kwizicwili, uzilahle ngoko nangoko.
• Gwema ukwabelana ngokutya, izitya kunye neekomityi.
• Sebenzisa isicoci sezandla, ukuba isepha namanzi azifumaneki.