Yintoni i-Fungus emnyama, kwaye ngaba inezibonelelo?

Umxholo

• Isetyenziswa njani ifungus emnyama?
• Iprofayile yesondlo
• Izinto ezinokubakho zefungus emnyama
• Iipakethe i-antioxidants enamandla
• Ngamana unokukhuthaza isisu kunye nempilo yomzimba
• Ngamana unokunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho
• Ngamana unokukhuthaza impilo yengqondo
• Ngamana ungasikhusela isibindi sakho
• Amanyathelo okhuseleko ekusetyenzisweni
• Umgca wezantsi

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Ngundo emnyama (IAuricularia polytricha) likhowa lasendle elityiwayo ngamanye amaxesha elaziwa njengendlebe yomthi okanye ifu fungus yendlebe, inikwe ubume bayo obumnyama, obufana nendlebe.

Ngelixa ifunyanwa ikakhulu e-China, ikwachuma kwiindawo ezinemozulu yetropiki ezinjengeziqithi zePacific, eNigeria, eHawaii naseIndiya. Ikhula esiqwini somthi nakwizikhuni eziwileyo endle kodwa inokulinywa nayo (1).

Yaziwa ngokungaguquguquki kwayo njengejeli kunye nokuhlafuna okungafaniyo, ukungunda okumnyama sisithako esithandwayo sokwenza ukutya kuluhlu lwezitya zaseAsia. Ikwayasetyenziswa kunyango lwesintu lwaseTshayina kangangamakhulu eminyaka (2).

Eli nqaku liphonononge ukusetyenziswa, izondlo kunye nezibonelelo zomngundo omnyama, kunye nalo naluphi na amanyathelo onokuthi uwathathe.

Isetyenziswa njani ifungus emnyama?

I-fungus emnyama ihlala ithengiswa kwifom eyomileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba uyitye, kufuneka iphinde yenziwe emanzini ashushu ubuncinci iyure.

Ngelixa umanzi, ama-mushroom andisa amaxesha angama-3-4 ngokobukhulu. Gcina oku engqondweni xa upheka, njengoko izixa ezincinci zinokuhamba indlela ende.

Ngelixa umngundo omnyama uthengiswa phantsi kwamagama aliqela, ngokwahlukileyo kubuchwephesha kunamakhowa endlebe (IAuricularia auricula-judae), Umzala wayo wezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi fungi ziqhayisa ngeeprofayili ezifanayo zezondlo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkcubeko kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kubhekiswa kuye ngokungafaniyo (1).

I-fungus emnyama sisithako esithandwayo kwindawo yokutya yaseMalaysian, eTshayina naseMaori.

Yinto erhabaxa kancinci kune-mushroom yendlebe yeenkuni kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiisuphu. Njengoko inencasa engathathi hlangothi, yongezwa nakwiidessert zaseCanton. Njenge tofu, ifunxa incasa yesitya eyinxalenye yayo.

Ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-19, umngundo omnyama ubusetyenziswa kunyango lwesiTshayina ukunciphisa iimpawu zeemeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-jaundice kunye nomqala obuhlungu (2).

I-fungus emnyama ayikhethi cala kwincasa kwaye inokuthatha iintlobo ezininzi. Iyaziwa kakhulu eAsia, apho isongezwa rhoqo kwiisuphu, kwaye kudala isetyenziswa kunyango lwesiTshayina.

Iprofayile yesondlo

Ikomityi yekota enye (7 gram) yomngundo omnyama omnyama ubonelela ():

• Iikhalori: 20
• IiCarbs: 5 iigrem
• Iprotheni: ngaphantsi kwe-1 gram
• Amafutha: 0 iigramu
• Ifayibha: 5 iigrem
• Isodium: 2 mg
• Icholesterol: 0 iigramu

Njengoko ubona, eli mushroom linamafutha asezantsi kunye neekhalori kodwa ikakhulu liphezulu kwifayibha ().

Ubungakanani obufanayo bokubonelela bunikezela ngesixa esincinci se potassium, calcium, phosphorus, folate, kunye nemagniziyam. Ezi vithamini kunye neeminerali zibalulekile entliziyweni, kwingqondo, nakwimpilo yethambo (,,,).

I-fungus emnyama ngokucacileyo iphantsi kumanqatha, inefayibha ephezulu, kwaye ilayishwe ngeevithamini kunye neeminerals ezininzi.

Izinto ezinokubakho zefungus emnyama

Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo komngundo omnyama kunyango lwesiTshayina, uphando lwenzululwazi ngalo lusekwizigaba zokuqala.

Kuyafana, eli mushroom liye laqatshelwa ngenxa yeepropathi ezinamandla zokonyusa ama-immune kunye ne-antimicrobial (, 8).

Gcina nje ukhumbula ukuba uphando lomntu alunamda, kwaye ezinye izifundo ziyafuneka.

Iipakethe i-antioxidants enamandla

Amakhowa, kubandakanya Ukuqaqanjelwa iintlobo, ngokubanzi ziphezulu kwii-antioxidants.

Ezi zinto zinenzuzo kwizityalo zinceda ukulwa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative emzimbeni wakho, oluye lwadityaniswa nokudumba kunye noluhlu lwezifo (,).

Ngaphezu koko, amakhowa ahlala ene-polyphenol antioxidants enamandla. Ukutya okuphezulu kwiipolphenol kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko omncinci womhlaza kunye neemeko ezingapheliyo, kubandakanya isifo sentliziyo (,,,,,).

Ngamana unokukhuthaza isisu kunye nempilo yomzimba

Ngokufanayo nakwamanye amakhowa ahlukeneyo, ukungunda okumnyama kuqhayisa ngama-prebiotic- ikakhulu ngohlobo lwe-beta glucan (15,,).

Ii-prebiotic luhlobo lwefibre eyondla i-gut microbiome yakho, okanye ibacteria enobuhlobo emathunjini akho. Oku kukhuthaza impilo yokwetyisa kunye nokugcina isisu sihamba rhoqo (15,,).

Into enomdla kukuba, i-gut microbiome inxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nempilo yomzimba. Ii-prebiotic ezinjengezo kumngundo omnyama kucingelwa ukuba ziyakomeleza impendulo yakho yomzimba kwizifo ezingathandekiyo ezinokuthi zikugulise ().

Ngamana unokunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho

Iipolyphenols ezikumakhowa zinokunceda ukuthoba i-LDL (embi) ye-cholesterol ().

Kananjalo, i-cholesterol esezantsi ye-LDL inokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Olunye uphononongo lwemivundla enikwe amakhowa endlebe enkuni lafumanisa ukuba iyonke kunye ne-LDL (embi) ye-cholesterol yehle kakhulu ().

Okwangoku, abaphandi babengaqinisekanga ncam ukuba isikhunta sayenza njani le nto, kwaye isifundo esinye sezilwanyana ezindlebeni zomthi asisebenzi kubantu abatya umngundo omnyama.

Ngamana unokukhuthaza impilo yengqondo

Amakhowa acingelwa ukuba agcina ukusebenza kwengqondo okunempilo (, 20).

Olunye uphononongo lwetyhubhu yovavanyo luveze ukuba amakhowa endlebe enkuni kunye nezinye iifungi zithintele ukusebenza kwe-beta secretase, i-enzyme ekhupha iiproteni ze-beta amyloid ().

Ezi proteni zinetyhefu kwingqondo kwaye zinxulunyaniswe nezifo eziguqulwayo, ezinje nge-Alzheimer's ().

Ngelixa ezi ziphumo zithembisa, uphando lomntu luyafuneka.

Ngamana ungasikhusela isibindi sakho

I-fungus emnyama inokukhusela isibindi sakho kwingozi zizinto ezithile.

Kwisifundo sempuku, isisombululo samanzi kunye nefungus emnyama emnyama eyenziweyo yanceda ukuguqula nokukhusela isibindi kumonakalo obangelwe kukudlula kwe-acetaminophen, edla ngokuthengiswa njengeTylenol eUnited States ().

Abaphandi badibanise le mpembelelo kwiipropati ezinamandla ze-mushroom antioxidant ().

Konke kunjalo, izifundo ziyasilela.

I-fungus emnyama inika i-antioxidants enamandla kunye ne-prebiotic enempilo. Inokukunceda ukunciphisa i-cholesterol kunye nokukhusela isibindi sakho nengqondo, kodwa uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko ekusetyenzisweni

I-fungus emnyama ethengwe kubathengisi bezorhwebo inxulunyaniswa neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa - ukuba zikhona.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uninzi lwefungus emnyama ithengiswa yomile, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale uyigalela ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise ngenxa yobuninzi bayo kunye nokuqaqamba.

Ngapha koko, kufuneka ihlale iphekwe kakuhle ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokususa intsalela. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukubilisa kunokunyusa ukusebenza kwe-antioxidant (,).

Nangona kunjalo, ukutya ukutya komngundo omnyama akukhuthazwa ngokubanzi ngokunikwa umngcipheko wokuchongwa gwenxa okanye ungcoliseko. Ayisiyo fungi yasendle kuphela efunxa ukungcola okusingqongileyo, kodwa ukutya amakhowa angalunganga kunokuba yityhefu okanye kubulale.

Endaweni yoko, kuya kufuneka ujonge la makhowa awodwa kwivenkile yakho ekhethekileyo okanye kwi-Intanethi.

Nangona i-fungus emnyama ingahambelani nemiphumo emibi, kufuneka uhlale uyigcoba ngaphambi kokutya kwaye uyipheke ngokucokisekileyo ukuze ususe iibhaktheriya ezinobungozi. Kungcono ukuthenga imveliso eyomileyo kunokuba uyitye.

Umgca wezantsi

I-fungus emnyama yikhowa etyiwayo eyinto edumileyo yokutya kwaseTshayina.

Ngokwesiqhelo ithengiswa yomile phantsi kwamagama ahlukeneyo, anjengendlebe yelifu okanye umngundo wendlebe womthi. Kufuneka ifakwe kwaye iphekwe kakuhle ngaphambi kokuyidla.

Uphando oluvelayo lubonisa ukuba ukungunda okumnyama kubonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi, njengokukhusela isibindi sakho, ukwehlisa i-cholesterol kunye nokukhuthaza impilo yamathumbu. Ikwapakishwe ngefayibha kunye nee-antioxidants.

Ngelixa le fungus ikwasetyenzisiwe kunyango lwesiTshayina, izifundo ezininzi ziyafuneka ukuvavanya iziphumo.