Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi

Umxholo

• Yintoni ukuphazamiseka kwegazi?
• Yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokopha?
• Iindidi zezifo zokopha
• Zithini iimpawu zengxaki yokopha?
• Isifo esophayo sifunyaniswa njani?
• Zinyangwa njani iingxaki zokopha?
• Ukongezwa kwentsimbi
• Utofelo-gazi
• Olunye unyango
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwegazi?

Yintoni ukuphazamiseka kwegazi?

Ingxaki yokuphuma kwegazi yimeko echaphazela indlela igazi lakho eliqhele ukuvala ngayo. Inkqubo yokunqanda igazi, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukujiya kwegazi, itshintsha igazi lisuke kulwelo lize libe sisiqina. Xa wenzakele, igazi lakho ngesiqhelo liqala ukujiya ukuthintela ukulahleka okukhulu kwegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimeko ezithile zithintela igazi ekunqandeni ngokufanelekileyo, elinokubangela ukopha okunzima okanye okude.

Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kunokubangela ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga ngaphandle nangaphakathi emzimbeni. Ezinye iingxaki zinokunyusa kakhulu inani legazi elishiya umzimba wakho. Abanye babangela ukuba ukopha kwenzeke phantsi kolusu okanye kumalungu abalulekileyo, anje ngengqondo.

Yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokopha?

Iingxaki zokopha zihlala zikhula xa igazi lingenakugquma ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuze igazi lihlambe, umzimba wakho udinga iiproteni zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-clotting factor kunye neeseli zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba ziiplatelets. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iiplatelets ziyadibana zenze iplagi kwindawo yomthambo wegazi owenzakeleyo okanye owenzakeleyo. Izinto ezijiyayo ziye zidibane zenze i-fibrin clot. Oku kugcina iiplatelets endaweni kwaye kuthintela ukuphuma kwegazi emthonjeni wegazi.

Kubantu abanengxaki yokopha, nangona kunjalo, izinto ezijiyisayo okanye iiplatelets azisebenzi ngendlela ebekufanele ukuba ziyenzeka okanye zinqongophele. Xa igazi lingagutyungeli, ukuphuma kakhulu okanye ixesha elide kunokwenzeka. Inokukhokelela ekuphumeni okuzenzekelayo okanye okukhawulezileyo kwimisipha, kumalungu, okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Uninzi lweengxaki zokopha zizuze njengelifa, oko kuthetha ukuba zidluliselwe zisuka kumzali ziye emntwaneni wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingxaki zinokuvela ngenxa yezinye iimeko zonyango, ezinjengesifo sesibindi.

Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kungabangelwa ngu:

• ubalo lweeseli ezibomvu ezisezantsi
• ukuswela i-vitamin K
• iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza athile

Amayeza anokuphazamisa ukujiya kwegazi kuthiwa ziianticoagulants.

Iindidi zezifo zokopha

Iingxaki zokopha zinokufunyanwa njengelifa okanye zifunyenwe. Ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka kwilifa kudluliselwa kwimfuza. Ukuphazamiseka okufumanekayo kunokukhula okanye kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza ebomini. Ezinye iingxaki zokopha zinokubangela ukopha kakhulu kulandela ingozi okanye ukwenzakala. Kwezinye iingxaki, ukuphuma kwegazi okunzima kunokwenzeka ngesiquphe nangaphandle kwesizathu.

Zininzi iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kwegazi, kodwa ezi zilandelayo zezona ziqhelekileyo:

• IHemophilia A kunye no-B ziimeko ezenzeka xa kukho amanqanaba asezantsi ezinto ezijiyisayo egazini lakho. Kubangela ukopha okunzima okanye okungaqhelekanga kumalungu. Nangona i-hemophilia inqabile, inokuba neengxaki ezisongela ubomi.
• I-Factor II, V, VII, X, okanye i-XII ukusilela kukuphazamiseka kwegazi okunxulumene neengxaki zokunqanda igazi okanye iingxaki zokopha ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
• Isifo sikaVon Willebrand sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo esopha njengelifa. Iyakhula xa igazi lingenanto ye-von Willebrand, enceda igazi ukuba lijiye.

Zithini iimpawu zengxaki yokopha?

Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu eziphambili zibandakanya:

• Ukuchaphaza okungachazwanga kunye nokulula
• ukuphuma kwegazi okunzima
• iimpumlo zeempumlo rhoqo
• ukopha kakhulu ukusika okuncinci okanye ukwenzakala
• ukopha kumalungu

Cwangcisa ukuqeshwa nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba unayo okanye enye yezi mpawu. Ugqirha wakho unokuchonga imeko yakho kwaye akuncede ukuthintela iingxaki ezinxulumene nokuphazamiseka kwegazi.

Isifo esophayo sifunyaniswa njani?

Ukuchonga isifo esophayo, ugqirha wakho uya kukubuza malunga neempawu zakho kunye nembali yonyango. Baya kwenza novavanyo lomzimba. Ngexesha lokuqeshwa kwakho, qiniseka ukukhankanya:

• naziphi na iimeko zonyango onazo ngoku
• nawaphi na amayeza okanye izongezo onokuthi uzithathe
• nakuphi na ukuwa okwenzekileyo okwangoku
• kukangaphi usiva ukopha
• ukopha kuthatha ixesha elingakanani
• lento ubuyenza phambi kokopha

Emva kokuqokelela olu lwazi, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhuba uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze enze isifo esifanelekileyo. Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• ubalo olupheleleyo lwegazi (CBC), olinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu nezimhlophe zegazi emzimbeni wakho
• Uvavanyo lweplatelet aggregation, olujonga ukuba iiplatelets zakho zihlangana njani
• uvavanyo lwexesha lokopha, oluchaza ukuba igazi lakho lihlangana ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na ukuthintela ukopha

Zinyangwa njani iingxaki zokopha?

Ukhetho lonyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwegazi kunye nobukhali balo. Nangona unyango lungenakunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, lunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuphazamiseka okuthile.

Ukongezwa kwentsimbi

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika izongezo zentsimbi ukuzalisa ubungakanani bentsimbi emzimbeni wakho ukuba uphulukene negazi. Inqanaba lesinyithi elisezantsi linokubangela ukuswela i-anemia. Le meko inokukwenza uzive ubuthathaka, udiniwe, kwaye unesiyezi. Ungadinga ukutofelwa igazi ukuba iimpawu aziphucuki ngokuxhaswa kwentsimbi.

Utofelo-gazi

Utofelo-gazi luthatha indawo yalo naliphi na igazi elilahlekileyo ngegazi elithatyathwe kulowo unikele ngalo. Igazi lomnikeli kufuneka lingqamane nodidi lwegazi lakho ukuthintela iingxaki. Le nkqubo inokwenziwa kuphela esibhedlele.

Olunye unyango

Ezinye iingxaki zokopha zinokunyangwa ngeemveliso ezingumxholo okanye izitshizi zempumlo. Ezinye iingxaki, kubandakanya i-hemophilia, zinokunyangwa ngonyango oluthatha indawo. Oku kubandakanya ukufaka inaliti yokujiya kwegazi kugxile kwigazi lakho. Ezi zitofu zinokuthintela okanye zilawule ukopha kakhulu.

Unokufumana ukhuphelo lweplasma olunqabileyo xa unezinto ezithile ezijiyileyo. Iplasma efriziwe efriziwe enefratsi equlathe izinto ezine-V kunye ne-VIII, eziziproteni ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezinceda ekunqandeni igazi. Olu tofelo-gazi kufuneka lwenziwe esibhedlele.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwegazi?

Uninzi lweengxaki ezinxulumene nokuphazamiseka kokopha zinokuthintelwa okanye zilawulwe ngonyango. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza. Iingxaki zihlala zenzeka xa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kunyangwa kade.

Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka kwegazi zibandakanya:

• ukopha emathunjini
• ukopha kwingqondo
• ukopha kumalungu
• intlungu edibeneyo

Iingxaki zinokuvela ukuba ingxaki iphambili okanye ibangela ukulahleka kwegazi ngokugqithileyo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi kwabasetyhini, ngakumbi ukuba abanyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi okunganyangekiyo kwandisa umngcipheko wokopha kakhulu ngexesha lokubeleka, ukuphuma kwesisu, okanye ukukhupha isisu. Abasetyhini abanengxaki yokopha banokufumana ukuphuma kwegazi okunzima kakhulu. Oku kunokukhokelela kwi-anemia, imeko eyenzekayo xa umzimba wakho ungazivelisi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokwaneleyo ukuhambisa ioksijini kwizicwili zakho. I-Anemia inokubangela ubuthathaka, ukuphefumla kancinci, kunye nesiyezi.

Ukuba owasetyhini une-endometriosis usenokuba nokulahleka kwegazi okunzima angakuboniyo kuba kufihlwe kwisisu okanye kumqolo.

Kubalulekile ukubiza ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu yesifo sokopha. Ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza kuya kunceda ukuthintela naziphi na iingxaki ezinokubakho.