Uvavanyo lwegesi yeGazi

Umxholo

• Yintoni uvavanyo lwegesi?
• Kutheni kwenziwa uvavanyo lwegesi?
• Buphi ubungozi bovavanyo lwegesi?
• Uvavanyo lwegesi lwenziwa njani?
• Ukutolika iziphumo zovavanyo lwegesi

Yintoni uvavanyo lwegesi?

Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi lilinganisa inani leoksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside egazini. Ingasetyenziselwa ukumisela i-pH yegazi, okanye ukuba i-asidi kangakanani. Uvavanyo lwaziwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwegesi okanye uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi (i-ABG).

Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihambisa ioksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Ezi zaziwa njengeegesi zegazi.

Njengoko igazi lidlula kwimiphunga yakho, ioksijini ingena egazini ngelixa ikharbon diokside iphuma egazini iye emiphungeni. Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi lunokumisela indlela imiphunga yakho ekwazi ngayo ukuhambisa ioksijini egazini kunye nokususa icarbon dioxide egazini.

Ukungalingani kwioksijini, ikharbhon diokside, kunye namanqanaba e-pH egazini lakho kunokubonisa ubukho beemeko ezithile zonyango. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• ukusilela kwezintso
• ukumelwa yintliziyo
• isifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo
• Ukopha
• ityhefu yemichiza
• libanda, iziyobisi
• ukothuka

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegesi xa ubonakalisa iimpawu zayo nayiphi na kwezi meko. Uvavanyo lufuna ukuqokelelwa kwegazi elincinci elivela kumthambo. Yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo nelula ethatha kuphela imizuzu embalwa ukuyigqiba.

Kutheni kwenziwa uvavanyo lwegesi?

Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi lubonelela ngokuchanekileyo kwenqanaba leoksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunokunceda ugqirha wakho abone ukuba imiphunga yakho nezintso zisebenza kakuhle kangakanani.

Olu luvavanyo oluqhele ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwisibhedlele ukumisela ulawulo lwezigulana ezigulayo. Ayinayo indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuseto lokhathalelo lokuqala, kodwa inokusetyenziswa kwilebhu yokusebenza kwemiphunga okanye eklinikhi.

Ugqirha wakho unoku-odola uvavanyo lwegesi xa ubonakalisa iimpawu zeoksijini, icarbon dioxide, okanye ukungalingani kwe-pH. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ukudideka
• isicaphucaphu

Ezi mpawu zinokuba ziimpawu zeemeko ezithile zonyango, kubandakanya isifo sombefu kunye nesifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD).

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegesi xa ekrokrela ukuba uhlangabezana nayo nayiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• isifo semiphunga
• isifo sezintso
• isifo se-metabolic
• ukwenzakala entloko okanye entanyeni okuchaphazela ukuphefumla

Ukuchonga ukungalingani kwi-pH yakho kunye namanqanaba egesi egazi kunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba abeke iliso kunyango lweemeko ezithile, ezinje ngezifo zemiphunga kunye nezintso.

Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi luhlala lu-odolwa kunye nolunye uvavanyo, uvavanyo lweglucose yegazi ukukhangela amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kunye nokuvavanywa kwegazi lokudala ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwezintso.

Buphi ubungozi bovavanyo lwegesi?

Kuba uvavanyo lwegesi alufuni sampulu yegazi, ithathwa njengenkqubo enobungozi obuncinci.

Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka usoloko uxelela ugqirha wakho malunga neemeko zonyango ezikhoyo ezinokukwenza wophe ngaphezulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. Kuya kufuneka ubaxelele nokuba uthatha na amayeza e-okhawuntareni okanye amayeza, afana nezicoci gazi, ezinokuchaphazela ukopha kwakho.

Iziphumo ezinokubakho ezinxulumene novavanyo lwegesi yegazi zibandakanya:

• ukopha okanye ukugruzuka kwindawo yokuhlatywa
• ndiziva ndidiniwe
• igazi eliqokelelwa phantsi kolusu
• usulelo kwindawo yokuhlatywa

Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye ezinde.

Uvavanyo lwegesi lwenziwa njani?

Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi lufuna ukuqokelelwa kwesampulu encinci yegazi. Igazi le-arterial linokufunyanwa kumthambo engalweni yakho, engalweni, okanye kunqontsonqa, okanye kumgca wokuhambisa umthambo okhoyo ngaphambili ukuba ngoku ulaliswe esibhedlele. Isampulu yegazi yegazi nayo inokuba yimithambo, ukusuka kumthambo okanye kwi-IV esele ikhona okanye kwi-capillary, efuna ukubetheka kancinci esithendeni.

Umboneleli ngononophelo lwempilo uya kuqala abulale inzalo ngenaliti yokubulala iintsholongwane. Nje ukuba bafumane umthambo, baya kufaka inaliti kwimithambo kwaye batsale igazi. Ungaziva usisihlaba kancinci xa inaliti ingena. Imithambo inemithambo egudileyo kuneemithambo, kwaye ezinye zinokufumana uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi ebuhlungu olubuhlungu ngaphezu kokutsalwa ligazi emthanjeni.

Emva kokuba inaliti isusiwe, igcisa liya kubamba uxinzelelo kwimizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokubeka ibhandeji ngaphezulu kwenxeba lokugqojozwa.

Isampulu yegazi iya kuthi emva koko ihlalutywe ngumatshini ophathwayo okanye kwilabhoratri yesiza. Isampulu kufuneka ihlahlelwe ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eli-10 yenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zichanekile.

Ukutolika iziphumo zovavanyo lwegesi

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwegesi yegazi zinokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumane izifo ezahlukeneyo okanye anqume ukuba unyango lusebenza njani kwiimeko ezithile, kubandakanya izifo zemiphunga. Ikwabonisa nokuba umzimba wakho uyahlawulela ukungalingani.

Ngenxa yokubakho kwembuyekezo kumaxabiso athile aya kubangela ukulungiswa kwamanye amaxabiso, kubalulekile ukuba umntu otolika iziphumo abe ngumboneleli wezempilo oqeqeshiweyo onamava kutoliko lwegesi.

Amanyathelo ovavanyo:

• Igazi le-arterial pH, ebonisa inani le-ion hydrogen egazini. I-pH engaphantsi kwe-7.0 ibizwa ngokuba yi-acidic, kwaye i-pH enkulu kune-7.0 ibizwa ngokuba sisiseko, okanye i-alkaline. I-pH yegazi esezantsi inokubonisa ukuba igazi lakho line-asidi ngakumbi kwaye linamazinga aphezulu ecarbon dioxide. IpH ephezulu yegazi inokubonisa ukuba igazi lakho lisisiseko kwaye linqanaba eliphezulu le-bicarbonate.
• IBicarbonate, eyikhemikhali enceda ukukhusela i-pH yegazi ekubeni i-asidi kakhulu okanye isisiseko.
• Uxinzelelo lwe-oksijini, leyo imilinganiselo yoxinzelelo lweoksijini enyibilika egazini. Ichonga indlela ioksijini ekwazi ngayo ukuhamba ukusuka emiphungeni ukuya egazini.
• Uxinzelelo oluthile lwekhabhon diokside, ongumlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwekhabhon dayoksayidi echithakale egazini. Imisela ukuba ikharbon diokside ikwazi njani ukuphuma emzimbeni.
• Ukugcwaliswa kweoksijini, ongumlinganiso wesixa seoksijini esiqhutywa yihemoglobin ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ngokubanzi, amaxabiso aqhelekileyo abandakanya:

• igazi le-pH: 7.38 ukuya ku-7.42
• bicarbonate: Ngama-22 ukuya kuma-28 eemilliequivalents kwilitha nganye
• uxinzelelo lweoksijini: 75 ukuya kwi-100 mm Hg
• uxinzelelo oluthile lwekhabhon diokside: 38 ukuya kwi-42 mm Hg
• Ukwanda kweoksijini: Iipesenti ezingama-94 ukuya kwi-100

Amanqanaba eoksijini egazi angaphantsi xa uhlala ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.

Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo aya kuba noluhlu olwahlukileyo lokreferensi ukuba avela kwisampulu yemithambo yegazi okanye ye-capillary.

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokuba ziimpawu zeemeko ezithile zonyango, kubandakanya nezo zikolu luhlu lulandelayo:

Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo nolungaqhelekanga lungahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwilebhu kuba abanye basebenzisa imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo okanye iindlela zokuhlalutya iisampulu zegazi.

Kuya kufuneka usoloko uhlangana nogqirha wakho ukuxoxa ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwakho ngakumbi. Baya kuba nakho ukukuxelela ukuba ufuna uvavanyo olungakumbi kwaye ukuba uya kufuna naluphi na unyango.