Ityhefu yegazi: Iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela ityhefu yegazi?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wetyhefu yegazi
• Ukuqaphela iimpawu zetyhefu yegazi
• Ukuchonga ityhefu yegazi
• Unyango ukhetho lwetyhefu yegazi
• Umbono wexesha elide kunye nokuchacha
• Uthintelo

Yintoni ityhefu yegazi?

Ityhefu yegazi sisifo esibi. Kwenzeka xa iintsholongwane zisegazini.

Ngaphandle kwegama layo, usulelo alunanto yakwenza netyhefu. Nangona ingelilo igama lonyango, "ityhefu yegazi" isetyenziselwa ukuchaza i-bacteremia, septicemia, okanye sepsis.

Okwangoku, eli gama livakala liyingozi, kwaye kufanelekile. I-Sepsis sisifo esibi, esinokubulala. Ityhefu yegazi inokuqhubela phambili kwi-sepsis ngokukhawuleza. Ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango kubalulekile ekunyangeni ityhefu yegazi, kodwa ukuqonda imeko yakho yomngcipheko linyathelo lokuqala lokuthintela imeko.

Yintoni ebangela ityhefu yegazi?

Ityhefu yegazi yenzeka xa iintsholongwane zibangela usulelo kwelinye ilungu lomzimba wakho zingena kwigazi lakho. Ubukho bentsholongwane egazini kubizwa ngokuba yi-bacteremia okanye i-septicemia. Amagama athi "septicemia" kunye "sepsis" zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo, nangona ngokobuchwephesha azifani ncam. I-Septicemia, imeko yokuba neebhaktheriya egazini lakho, inokukhokelela kwi-sepsis. I-Sepsis yimeko enzima kwaye ihlala isongela ubomi yosulelo ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa. Kodwa naluphi na uhlobo losulelo- nokuba yintsholongwane, ukungunda, okanye intsholongwane- kunokubangela i-sepsis. Kwaye ezi zinto zichaphazelayo azidingi ukuba zibekho egazini lomntu ukuzisa i-sepsis.

Olo sulelo luqhele ukwenzeka kwimiphunga, isisu kunye nomchamo. I-Sepsis yenzeka rhoqo kubantu abasesibhedlele, apho umngcipheko wosulelo sele uphezulu.

Ngenxa yokuba ityhefu yegazi yenzeka xa iibhaktheriya zingena kwigazi lakho ngokudibeneyo nolunye usulelo, ngekhe ube ne-sepsis ngaphandle kokosuleleka kuqala.

Ezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo zosulelo ezinokubangela i-sepsis zibandakanya:

• usulelo lwesisu
• ukulunywa sisinambuzane
• usulelo olusembindini, njengakwi-dialysis catheter okanye i-chemotherapy catheter
• ukukhutshwa kwamazinyo okanye amazinyo asulelekileyo
• ukubonakaliswa kwesilonda esigqunyiweyo kwiibhaktheriya ngexesha lokubuyiswa kotyando, okanye ukungatshintshi ibhande lokuhlinzwa rhoqo ngokwaneleyo
• ukubonakaliswa kwalo naliphi na inxeba elivulekileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo
• usulelo lweentsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo ngamachiza
• usulelo lwezintso okanye lomchamo
• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• usulelo lolusu

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wetyhefu yegazi

Abanye abantu bachaphazeleka lula kunabanye kwi-sepsis. Abo basemngciphekweni omkhulu baquka:

• abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, anjenge-HIV, i-AIDS, okanye i-leukemia
• abantwana abancinci
• abadala abadala
• abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ezifakwa emithanjeni njengeheroin
• abantu abanempilo yococeko lwamazinyo
• abo basebenzisa ipayipi
• abantu abaye batyandwa kutshanje okanye umsebenzi wamazinyo
• abo basebenza kwindawo ebonakalayo kakhulu kubhaktheriya okanye kwiintsholongwane, njengasesibhedlele okanye ngaphandle

Ukuqaphela iimpawu zetyhefu yegazi

Iimpawu zetyhefu yegazi zibandakanya:

• Ukugodola
• umkhuhlane ophakathi okanye ophakamileyo
• ubuthathaka
• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• ukwanda kwentliziyo okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo
• luthuthu ulusu, ingakumbi ebusweni

Ezinye zezi mpawu zinxulunyaniswa nomkhuhlane okanye ezinye izifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uye wenziwa utyando kutshanje okanye uyachacha enxebeni, kubalulekile ukuba ubize ugqirha ngoko nangoko emva kokufumana le miqondiso yetyhefu yegazi.

Iimpawu eziphambili zetyhefu yegazi zisongela ubomi kwaye zibandakanya:

• ukudideka
• amabala abomvu kulusu olunokuthi lukhule lube lukhulu kwaye lubukeke njengegruzuko elikhulu elimfusa
• ukothuka
• kuncinci ukuvelisa umchamo
• ukusilela kwamalungu

Ityhefu yegazi inokukhokelela kwisifo sokuphefumla kunye noxinzelelo. Ukuba imeko ayinyangwa kwangoko, ezi ngxaki zinokukhokelela ekufeni.

Ukuchonga ityhefu yegazi

Kunzima ukuzixilonga ngokwakho ityhefu yegazi kuba iimpawu zayo zifana nezinye iimeko. Eyona ndlela yokujonga ukuba unayo i-septicemia kukubonana nogqirha. Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, oluya kubandakanya ukujonga ubushushu bakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukuba kurhanelwa ityhefu yegazi, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhuba iimvavanyo ukukhangela iimpawu zosulelo lwebacteria. I-Septicemia inokuchaphazeleka kwezi mvavanyo:

• ukuvavanywa kwenkcubeko yegazi
• amanqanaba eoksijini egazini
• ubalo lwegazi
• into yokujiya
• iimvavanyo zomchamo kubandakanya inkcubeko yomchamo
• X-reyi yesifuba
• Uvavanyo lwe-electrolyte kunye nezintso

Kwakhona, ugqirha wakho unokubona iingxaki zesibindi okanye umsebenzi wezintso, kunye nokungalingani kumanqanaba e-electrolyte. Ukuba unesilonda sesikhumba, ugqirha wakho unokuthatha isampuli yalo naluphi na ulwelo oluvuzayo kulo ukujonga intsholongwane.

Njengothintelo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ukuskena okucinga. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ukufumanisa usulelo kumalungu omzimba wakho:

• X-reyi
• Ukuskena i-CT
• Ukuskena iMRI
• Ultrasound

Ukuba iintsholongwane zikhona, ukuchonga ukuba loluphi uhlobo oluya kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ukuba yeyiphi na i-antibiotiki anokuyimisela ukucoca usulelo.

Unyango ukhetho lwetyhefu yegazi

Unyango olukhawulezileyo lwetyhefu yegazi lubalulekile kuba usulelo lunokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwizicwili okanye kwiipavvu zentliziyo yakho. Nje ukuba ufunyaniswe unetyhefu yegazi, uyakufumana unyango njengesigulana esibhedlele. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zomothuko, uya kungeniswa kwigumbi labagula kakhulu. Iimpawu zothuka zibandakanya:

• ubumhlophe
• ukubetha ngokukhawuleza, okubuthathaka
• ukukhawuleza, ukuphefumla okungaphantsi
• isiyezi okanye ukungabikho zingqondweni
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi

Unokufumana ioksijini kunye nolwelo ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ukuze uncede ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye ususe usulelo. Amahlwili egazi yenye inkxalabo kwizigulana ezingenamandla.

I-Sepsis ihlala iphathwa nge-hydration, ihlala ihamba nge-intravenous line, kunye ne-antibiotics ejolise kwinto ebangela usulelo. Ngamanye amaxesha amayeza anokufuna ukusetyenziselwa ukuxhasa uxinzelelo lwegazi okwexeshana. La mayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-vasopressors. Ukuba i-sepsis inzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibangele ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu amaninzi, eso sigulana sinokufuna ukuba singeniswe umoya, okanye sisenokufuna i-dialysis okwethutyana ukuba izintso zabo zisilele.

Umbono wexesha elide kunye nokuchacha

Ityhefu yegazi inokuba yimeko ebulalayo. Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, ukothuka okubangelwa yiseptic kuneqondo lokufa kwabantu leepesenti ezingama-50. Nokuba unyango luyaphumelela, i-sepsis inokukhokelela kumonakalo osisigxina. Umngcipheko wosulelo lwakho lwexesha elizayo nawo ungangaphezulu.

Okukhona ulandela ngokusondeleyo isicwangciso sonyango sikagqirha, kokukhona liya kukhula ithuba lakho lokufumana kwakhona ngokupheleleyo. Unyango lwakwangoko nolindlongondlongo kwigumbi lokunyamekela abagulayo esibhedlele lonyusa amathuba okusinda kwi-sepsis. Uninzi lwabantu lunokwenza ukubuyela ngokupheleleyo kwi-sepsis ethambileyo ngaphandle kwengxaki ezihlala zihleli. Ngononophelo olululo, unokuziva ubhetele kwiveki encinci okanye ezimbini.

Ukuba usinda kwi-sepsis enzima, nangona kunjalo, usemngciphekweni wokufumana iingxaki ezinzulu. Ezinye zeempembelelo zexesha elide ze-sepsis zibandakanya:

• amahlwili egazi anokwenzeka
• ukusilela kwamalungu, kufuna utyando okanye amanyathelo okusindisa ubomi ekufuneka enziwe
• ukufa kwezicubu (ukubola), kufuna ukususwa kwezicubu ezichaphazelekayo okanye ukushenxiswa

Uthintelo

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela ityhefu yegazi kukunyanga nokukhusela izifo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhusela nawaphi na amanxeba avulekileyo ukuba angosuleleki kwindawo yokuqala ngokucoca ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokubopha.

Ukuba uye wenziwa utyando, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi akunike iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane njengesixhobo sokukhusela izifo.

Kungcono ukuphambuka kwicala lokulumkisa kwaye ubize ugqirha wakho ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unesifo. Gwema indawo apho unokuhlangabezana neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, okanye iifungi ukuba ulungele ukusuleleka.