Igazi lokuthambisa

Umxholo

• Kutheni kwenziwa i-blood smear?
• Kufuneka ndenze ntoni ngaphambi kokuba kufunyanwe igazi?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokuthanjiswa kwegazi?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?

Yintoni i-smear yegazi?

I-smear yegazi luvavanyo lwegazi olusetyenziselwa ukujonga ukungaqheleki kwiiseli zegazi. Iiseli ezintathu eziphambili zovavanyo ezijolise kuzo zezi:

• iiseli ezibomvu, ezithwala ioksijini kuwo wonke umzimba wakho
• iiseli ezimhlophe, ezinceda umzimba wakho ukulwa usulelo kunye nezinye izifo ezivuthayo
• iiplatelets, ezibalulekileyo ekunqandeni igazi

Uvavanyo lubonelela ngolwazi ngenani kunye nokumila kwezi seli, ezinokunceda oogqirha bafumane isifo esithile segazi okanye ezinye iimeko zonyango.

Ukungahambi kakuhle kwinani okanye ukuma kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunokuchaphazela indlela i-oksijini ehamba ngayo egazini lakho. Oku kungaqhelekanga kuhlala kubangelwa yiminerali okanye ukunqongophala kweevithamini, kodwa kunokubangelwa ziimeko zonyango ezizuzwe njengelifa, ezinjengearheng cell anemia.

Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, eyinethiwekhi yezihlunu kunye neeseli ezinceda umzimba wakho ukulwa usulelo. Ukuba neeseli ezimhlophe ezininzi kakhulu okanye ezimbalwa kakhulu kunokubonisa ingxaki yegazi. Ukuphazamiseka okuchaphazela ezi seli kuhlala kubangela ukungakwazi komzimba ukuphelisa okanye ukulawula usulelo okanye ezinye iingxaki zokudumba.

Ukungaqheleki kubume okanye inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunokuba yimiqondiso yesifo seplatelet. Ukuphazamiseka kweplatelet kuchaphazela ukubanakho kwegazi ekunqandeni, oko kunokubangela ukopha kakhulu okanye ixesha elide okanye ukujiya kwegazi. Zihlala zenzeka xa umzimba uvelisa iiplatelets ezininzi okanye ezimbalwa kakhulu.

Kutheni kwenziwa i-blood smear?

Uvavanyo lwe-smear yegazi luhlala lwenziwa ukufumanisa iimeko ezibangela:

• i-jaundice engachazwanga
• i-anemia engachazwanga (amanqanaba asezantsi eeseli ezibomvu eziqhelekileyo zegazi)
• ukugruzuka okungaqhelekanga
• iimpawu eziqhubekayo zomkhuhlane
• ukunciphisa umzimba ngesiquphe
• usulelo olungalindelekanga okanye oluqatha
• irhashalala okanye ukusika
• iintlungu zethambo

Ugqirha wakho unoku-odola uvavanyo lwe-smear rhoqo ukuba unyangwa imeko enxulumene negazi.

Kufuneka ndenze ntoni ngaphambi kokuba kufunyanwe igazi?

Phambi kovavanyo, kubalulekile ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho nangayiphi na indlela kagqirha okanye yamayeza, izongezo kunye neevithamini ozithathayo ngoku. Amayeza athile anokuchaphazela iziphumo zakho zovavanyo. Oku kubandakanya ii-NSAID, ezinye ii-antibiotics, kunye ne-glucocorticosteroids.

Ukongeza, ukuba uhlala uthabatha unyango lwe-anticoagulant, njenge-warfarin, (Coumadin), uya kuba semngciphekweni wokonyuka kwegazi okunxulunyaniswa nokutsalwa kwegazi.

Kuya kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga naziphi na iimeko ezikhoyo zonyango, ezinjenge-hemophilia. Ukuphazamiseka okuthile kwezonyango, ukutofelwa igazi rhoqo kwimveliso yegazi, kunye nobukho beentlobo ezithile zomhlaza wegazi kuya kuvelisa ukungaqheleki kwiziphumo ze-smear yegazi.

Kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngale micimbi kunye nogqirha wakho phambi kokuba igazi lihlambe ukuthintela impazamo yokuqonda isifo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokuthanjiswa kwegazi?

I-smear yegazi luvavanyo lwegazi olulula. I-phlebotomist, umntu oqeqeshelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukutsala igazi, uqala acocwe kwaye abulale indawo yenaliti nge-antiseptic. Baye babopha ibhendi ngaphezulu kwesiza semithambo apho igazi lakho liya kutsalwa khona. Oku kubangela ukuba imithambo yakho idumbe ligazi. Nje ukuba bafumane umthambo, i-phlebotomist ifaka inaliti ngqo emthanjeni kwaye itsala igazi.

Uninzi lwabantu luva iintlungu ezibukhali xa inaliti ingena kuqala, kodwa oku kuyaphela ngokukhawuleza njengoko igazi litsalwa. Kwimizuzu nje embalwa, i-phlebotomist isusa inaliti kwaye ikucele ukuba ufake uxinzelelo kwindawo kunye ne-gauze okanye ibhola yomqhaphu. Emva koko bagubungela inxeba lokugqobhoza ngebhanti, emva koko ukhululekile ukuba uhambe.

Uvavanyo lwegazi yinkqubo enobungozi obuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, iingozi ezincinci zibandakanya:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla emehlweni egazi ngenxa ye-vasovagal syncope
• isiyezi okanye i-vertigo
• Ukukhathazeka okanye ubomvu kwindawo yokuhlatywa
• ukugruzuka
• usulelo

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?

I-smear yegazi ithathwa njengesiqhelo xa igazi lakho linenani elaneleyo leeseli kwaye iiseli zinokubonakala okuqhelekileyo. I-smear yegazi ithathwa njengengaqhelekanga xa kukho ukungaqheleki kubungakanani, imilo, umbala, okanye inani leeseli egazini lakho. Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokwahluka ngohlobo lweseli yegazi echaphazelekayo.

Ukuphazamiseka kweeseli ezibomvu kubandakanya:

• i-anemia yentsimbi, kukuphazamiseka apho umzimba ungazivelisi ngokwaneleyo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngenxa yentsimbi
• I-sickle cell anemia, isifo esizuzwe njengelifa esenzeka xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinobume besiqhelo obungaqhelekanga
• i-hemolytic uremic syndrome, edla ngokubangelwa lusulelo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa
• I-polycythemia rubra vera, isifo esenzeka xa umzimba uvelisa inani eligqithisileyo leeseli ezibomvu zegazi

Ukuphazamiseka okunxulumene neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kubandakanya:

• i-leukemia ebukhali okanye engapheliyo, uhlobo lomhlaza wegazi
• lymphoma, uhlobo lomhlaza oluchaphazela amajoni omzimba
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo, intsholongwane echaphazela iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi
• usulelo lwentsholongwane ye-hepatitis C
• usulelo lwe-parasitic, olufana nepinworm
• usulelo lomngundo, njenge candidiasis
• ezinye izifo ze-lymphoproliferative, kubandakanywa i-myeloma eninzi

Ukuphazamiseka okuchaphazela iiplatelet kubandakanya:

• Iingxaki ze-myeloproliferative, iqela leengxaki ezibangela ukuba iiseli zegazi zikhule ngokungaqhelekanga kumongo wethambo
• thrombocytopenia, eyenzeka xa inani leeplatelets liphantsi kakhulu ngenxa yosulelo okanye esinye isifo

I-smear yegazi ikwabonisa ezinye iimeko, kubandakanya:

• isifo sesibindi
• isifo sezintso
• hypothyroidism

Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo nolungaqhelekanga lungahluka phakathi kweelebhu kuba ezinye zisebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo okanye iindlela zokuhlalutya isampulu yegazi. Kuya kufuneka usoloko uxoxa ngeziphumo zakho kunye nogqirha wakho. Baya kuba nakho ukukuxelela ukuba ufuna olunye uvavanyo.