Yintoni Ebangela Isikhohlela Esenziwe Ngegazi, kwaye Sinyangwa Njani?

Umxholo

• Unobangela wesikhohlela esinegazi
• Nini ukubona ugqirha
• Ukuchonga unobangela
• Unyango lwesikhohlela esinegazi
• Uthintelo

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Ushwankathelo

Isikhohlela, okanye phlegm, ngumxube wamathe kunye neencindi oye wakhohlela. Isikhohlela esinegazi senzeka xa isikhohlela sinemigca ebonakalayo yegazi kuso. Igazi livela kwindawo ethile yokuphefumla ngaphakathi komzimba wakho. Indlela yokuphefumla ibandakanya:

• umlomo
• umqala
• impumlo
• imiphunga
• Iindlela ezikhokelela kwimiphunga

Ngamanye amaxesha isikhohlela esinegazi luphawu lwesifo esibi. Nangona kunjalo, isikhohlela esinegazi sisiganeko esiqhelekileyo kwaye ngesiqhelo ayisosizathu sokukhathazeka kwangoko.

Ukuba ukhohlela igazi ngesikhohlela esincinci okanye esincinci, kuya kufuneka ufune unyango kwangoko.

Unobangela wesikhohlela esinegazi

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zesikhohlela esinegazi zibandakanya:

• ixesha elide, ukukhohlela kakhulu
• inyumoniya
• impumlo
• nezinye izifo zesifuba

Izizathu ezinzulu zesikhohlela esinegazi sinokubandakanya:

• umhlaza wemiphunga okanye umhlaza womqala
• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• I-pulmonary embolism, okanye i-clot yegazi kwimiphunga
• i-edema yemiphunga, okanye ukuba nolwelo emiphungeni
• intshisakalo yemiphunga, okanye ukuphefumla izinto zangaphandle ukuya emiphungeni
• icystic fibrosis
• izifo ezithile, ezifana nesifo sephepha
• ukuthatha ii-anticoagulants, ezinciphisa igazi ukukhusela ekunqandeni
• umothuko kwinkqubo yokuphefumla

Usulelo olusezantsi lokuphefumla kunye nokuhogela into yasemzini zezona zinto zibangela isikhohlela esinegazi ebantwaneni.

Nini ukubona ugqirha

Kuya kufuneka ubize ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu:

• Ukukhohlela ubukhulu becala ligazi, kunye nesikhohlela esincinci
• ukuphefumla kancinci okanye ukusokola ukuphefumla
• ubuthathaka
• isiyezi
• ukubila
• ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga
• ukudinwa
• iintlungu zesifuba
• igazi nakumchamo wakho okanye isitulo

Ezi mpawu zinxulunyaniswa neemeko zonyango ezinzulu.

Ukuchonga unobangela

Xa ubona ugqirha wakho ukuba achaze unobangela wesikhohlela esinegazi, baya kuqala bakubuze ukuba kukho nasiphi na isizathu esibonakalayo esifana:

• ukukhohlela
• umkhuhlane
• umkhuhlane
• inyumoniya

Baza kufuna ukwazi:

• unexesha elingakanani unesikhohlela esinegazi
• indlela isikhohlela esijongeka ngayo
• mangaphi amaxesha akhohlela emini
• ubungakanani begazi kwi-phlegm

Ugqirha wakho uyayimamela imiphunga yakho ngelixa uphefumla kwaye unokujonga ezinye iimpawu zokukhathazeka, njengokukhawuleza kwentliziyo, ukuvutha, okanye ukuqhekeka. Baza kukubuza malunga nembali yakho yezonyango.

Ugqirha wakho unokuqhuba enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zifundo zokucinga okanye iinkqubo zokubanceda ukuba bafikelele kwisifo:

• Banokusebenzisa ii-X-ray zesifuba ukufumanisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuhlala kulolunye lwezifundo zokuqala zoku-odola abazicwangcisileyo.
• Bangayalela iskena se-CT esifubeni ukubonelela ngomfanekiso ocacileyo wezicubu ezithambileyo zovavanyo.
• Ngexesha le-bronchoscopy, ugqirha wakho ujonga kwindlela yakho yomoya ukukhangela izithintelo okanye ukungaqhelekanga ngokuhlisa i-bronchoscope ezantsi komqolo womqala nakwi-bronchi.
• Banoku-odola kuvavanyo lwegazi ukufumanisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokufumanisa ukuba lincinci kangakanani igazi lakho kwaye ujonge ukuba uphulukene negazi elininzi kangangokuba une-anemia.
• Ukuba ugqirha wakho uqaphela ukungahambi kakuhle kwimiphunga yakho, banokuyalela i-biopsy. Oku kubandakanya ukususa isampulu yethishu kwimiphunga yakho kwaye uyithumele kwilebhu yovavanyo.

Unyango lwesikhohlela esinegazi

Ukunyanga isikhohlela esinegazi kuya kuxhomekeka ekunyangeni imeko esisiseko ebangela oko. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lunokubandakanya ukunciphisa ukudumba okanye ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene noko uhlangabezana nazo.

Unyango lwesikhohlela esinegazi sinokubandakanya:

• amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane omlomo okosuleleka njenge-pneumonia yebacteria
• i-antivirals, efana ne-oseltamivir (Tamiflu), ukunciphisa ixesha okanye ubuzaza bentsholongwane
• [Unxibelelwano oluhambelanayo:] isithintelo sokukhohlela sokukhohlela ixesha elide
• ukusela amanzi ngakumbi, anokunceda ukukhupha i-phlegm eseleyo
• utyando ukunyanga ithumba okanye ihlwili legazi

Kubantu abakhohlela igazi elininzi, unyango kuqala lujolise ekumiseni ukopha, kuthintele isifiso, esenzeka xa izinto zangaphandle zingena emiphungeni yakho, emva koko zinyange oyena nobangela.

Fowunela ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa nasiphi na isithintelo sokukhohlela, nokuba uyazi oyena nobangela weempawu zakho. Ukukhohlela ukucinezela kungakhokelela kuthintelo lomoya okanye kugcine isikhohlela sibhajwe kwimiphunga yakho, ukwandisa okanye ukonyusa usulelo.

Uthintelo

Isikhohlela esinegazi ngamanye amaxesha sinokuba luphawu lwemeko engaphephekiyo, kodwa iindlela ziyafumaneka ukunceda ukuthintela iimeko ezithile. Umgca wokuqala wothintelo kukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela usulelo lokuphefumla olunokubangela olu phawu.

Unokwenza oku kulandelayo ukunqanda isikhohlela esinegazi:

• Yeka ukutshaya ukuba uyatshaya. Ukutshaya kubangela ukucaphuka kunye nokudumba, kunye nokunyusa amathuba eemeko zonyango ezinzulu.
• Ukuba uziva usulelo oluphefumlayo luza, sela amanzi ngakumbi. Amanzi okusela anganciphisa iphlegm kwaye akuncede ukukhupha.
• Gcina indlu yakho icocekile kuba kulula ukuphefumla uthuli, kwaye inokucaphukisa imiphunga yakho kwaye yenze iimpawu zakho zibe mbi ngakumbi ukuba une-COPD, isifuba, okanye usulelo lwemiphunga. Ukubumba kunye nokuxola kunokubangela nosulelo lokuphefumla kunye nokucaphuka, okunokukhokelela kwisikhohlela esinegazi.
• Ukukhohlela i-phlegm etyheli naluhlaza kunokuba ngumqondiso wosulelo lokuphefumla. Jonga ugqirha wakho kunyango kwangoko ukunceda ukunqanda iingxaki okanye ukwanda kweempawu kamva.