Amahlwili egazi

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Yintoni i-clot yegazi?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wamahlwili egazi?
• Zithini iimpawu zamahlwili egazi?
• Afunyanwa njani amahlwili egazi?
• Luthini unyango lwamachaphaza egazi?
• Ngaba amahlwili egazi anokuthintelwa?

Isishwankathelo

Yintoni i-clot yegazi?

Ihlwili legazi bubuninzi begazi obenzeka xa iiplatelets, iiproteni, kunye neeseli ezisegazini zidibana. Xa wenzakele, umzimba wakho wenza iqhekeza legazi ukunqanda ukopha. Emva kokuba ukopha kuyekile kwaye ukuphilisa kwenzeka, umzimba wakho uhlala wophuka kwaye ususe i-clot yegazi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha amahlwili egazi enza apho angafanelekanga khona, umzimba wakho wenza amahlwili egazi amaninzi okanye amahlwili egazi angaqhelekanga, okanye amahlwili egazi awaphuki njengoko kufanelekile. La mahlule egazi anokuba yingozi kwaye anokubangela ezinye iingxaki zempilo.

Amahlwili egazi angenza ngaphakathi, okanye ahambe aye, kwimithambo yegazi emilenzeni, emiphungeni, kwingqondo, entliziyweni nasezintso. Iindidi zeengxaki zegazi ezinokubangela ziya kuxhomekeka apho zikhona:

• I-vein thrombosis enzulu (i-DVT) ligazi egazini kumthambo onzulu, ngesiqhelo kumlenze ongezantsi, ethangeni, okanye kwi-pelvis. Inokuthintela umthambo kwaye yenze umonakalo emlenzeni wakho.
• I-pulmonary embolism inokwenzeka xa i-DVT isaphuka kwaye ihamba ngegazi ukuya emiphungeni. Inokonakalisa imiphunga yakho kwaye ithintele amanye amalungu akho ekufumaneni ioksijini eyaneleyo.
• I-Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (i-CVST) ligazi elinqabileyo kwigazi kwizono zemithambo-luvo kwingqondo yakho. Ngokwesiqhelo iisono zemithambo-luvo ziyalikhupha igazi kwingqondo yakho. I-CVST ibhloka igazi ekufunxeni kwaye inokubangela ukubetha okungapheliyo.
• Ukugqabhuka kwegazi kwamanye amalungu omzimba kunokubangela iingxaki ezinje ngestroke se-ischemic, isifo sentliziyo, iingxaki zezintso, ukusilela kwezintso, kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nokukhulelwa.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wamahlwili egazi?

Izinto ezithile zinokuphakamisa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi:

• I-atherosclerosis
• I-fibrillation ye-Atriya
• Umhlaza kunye nonyango lomhlaza
• Ukuphazamiseka okuthile kwemfuza
• Uqhaqho oluthile
• I-COVID-19
• Seswekile
• Imbali yosapho yamahlwili egazi
• Ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nokutyeba kakhulu
• Ukukhulelwa nokuzala
• Ukulimala kakhulu
• Amanye amayeza, kubandakanya iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa
• Ukutshaya
• Ukuhlala kwindawo enye ixesha elide, njengokuhlala esibhedlele okanye ukuthatha imoto ende okanye ukukhwela inqwelo moya

Zithini iimpawu zamahlwili egazi?

Iimpawu zamachaphaza egazi zinokwahluka, kuxhomekeka ekubeni ligazi eliphi:

• Kwisisu: Intlungu zesisu, isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Engalweni okanye emlenzeni: Intlungu ekhawulezileyo okanye ethe chu, ukudumba, ukuthamba, kunye nobushushu
• Emiphungeni: Ukuphefumla kancinci, iintlungu ngokuphefumla okunzulu, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokunyuka kwentliziyo
• Engqondweni: Ukuthetha ingxaki, iingxaki zombono, ukuxhuzula, ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu ngesiquphe
• Entlizweni: Intlungu yesifuba, ukubila, ukuphefumla kancinci, kunye nentlungu kwingalo yasekhohlo

Afunyanwa njani amahlwili egazi?

Umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo unokusebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ukuxilonga amahlwili egazi:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba
• Imbali yezonyango
• Uvavanyo lwegazi, kubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-D-dimer
• Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo, ezinje nge
  • I-Ultrasound
  • I-X-ray yemithambo (venography) okanye yegazi (angiography) ethathwa emva kokufumana inaliti yedayi ekhethekileyo. Idayi ibonisa i-x-ray kwaye ivumela umboneleli ukuba abone ukuba igazi lihamba njani.
  • Uvavanyo lweCT

Luthini unyango lwamachaphaza egazi?

Unyango lwamahlwili egazi luxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo i-clot yegazi kwaye nokuba inzima kangakanani. Unyango lunokubandakanya

• Abacoci begazi
• Amanye amayeza, kubandakanya i-thrombolytics. I-Thrombolytics ngamayeza anyibilikisa amahlwili egazi. Zihlala zisetyenziswa apho amahlwili egazi abukhali.
• Utyando kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokususa amahlwili egazi

Ngaba amahlwili egazi anokuthintelwa?

Unokwazi ukunceda ukuthintela amahlwili egazi ngoku

• Ukuhamba-hamba ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvalelwa ebhedini, nasemva kotyando, ukugula, okanye ukwenzakala
• Ukuphakama nokuhamba-hamba kwiiyure ezimbalwa xa kufuneka uhlale ixesha elide, umzekelo ukuba ukuhambo olude okanye uhambo lwemoto
• Ukusebenza rhoqo komzimba
• Akatshayi
• Ukuhlala kubunzima obunempilo

Abanye abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu banokufuna ukuthatha abacoci gazi ukunqanda amahlwili egazi.