Umhlaza webele

Umxholo

• Umhlaza webele
• Inqanaba 0
• Inqanaba 1
• Inqanaba 2
• Inqanaba 3
• Inqanaba 4
• Imbonakalo

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza webele kunye nokuqokelela

Xa umhlaza webele ufunyaniswa okokuqala, ikwabelwa inqanaba. Inqanaba libhekisa kubungakanani bethumba nalapho lisasazeke khona.

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukufumana inqanaba lomhlaza wamabele. Oku kunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-imaging, njenge-CT scan, i-MRI, i-ultrasound, kunye ne-X-ray, kunye nomsebenzi wegazi kunye ne-biopsy yezicubu zamabele ezichaphazelekayo.

Ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okungcono malunga noxilongo lwakho kunye nokhetho lonyango, uya kufuna ukwazi ukuba umhlaza ukulo liphi inqanaba. Umhlaza webele obanjiweyo ngexesha lamanqanaba okuqala kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nembono engcono kunesifo somhlaza esifunyenwe kamva.

Umhlaza webele

Inkqubo yokumisela ichaza ukuba umhlaza usasazekile ukusuka ebeleni uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba, njengee-lymph node okanye amalungu amakhulu. Inkqubo esetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo yiAmerican Joint Committee on Cancer TNM system.

Kwinkqubo yokuhlelwa kwe-TNM, umhlaza uhlelwa ngokwezigaba zabo T, N, kunye neM:

• T ibonisa ubungakanani be ithumba kwaye sele isasazeke kangakanani ngaphakathi kwebele nakwiindawo ezikufutshane.
• U-N imele ukuba isasazeke kangakanani kwi-lymph iindawo.
• M ichaza imastastasis, okanye isasazeke kangakanani kwizitho ezikude.

Kwinqanaba le-TNM, unobumba ngamnye unxulunyaniswa nenani lokuchaza ukuba umhlaza uqhubele phambili kangakanani. Nje ukuba ukuqulunqwa kwe-TNM kugqitywe, olu lwazi ludityaniswa lwenziwe inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba “ngokwamaqela eqonga.”

Ukuhlelwa kweqonga yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuqokelela apho amanqanaba aqala ku-0 kuye ku-4. Inani eliphantsi, kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza.

Inqanaba 0

Eli nqanaba lichaza ukungaphazami ("in situ") umhlaza webele. I-Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) ngumzekelo wenqanaba 0 lomhlaza. Kwi-DCIS, iiseli zangaphambi kwexesha zinokuba sele ziqalisile ukwenzeka kodwa azange zisasazeke ngaphaya kwemijelo yobisi.

Inqanaba 1

Eli nqanaba liphawula ukuchongwa kokuqala komhlaza wamabele ongenayo. Okwangoku, ithumba alilingani ngaphezu kweesentimitha ezi-2 ububanzi (okanye malunga no-3/4 intshi). Le mihlaza yomhlaza yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini (1A kunye ne-1B) ngokusekwe kwinani leenqobo zokugweba.

Inqanaba 1A kuthetha ukuba ithumba liziisentimitha ezi-2 okanye zincinci, kwaye umhlaza awusasazekanga naphina ngaphandle kwebele.

Inqanaba 1B kuthetha ukuba amaqela amancinci omhlaza webele afunyanwa kwii-lymph node. Ngokwesiqhelo kweli nqanaba, nokuba akukho thumba liqhekekileyo lifumaneka ebeleni okanye ithumba liziisentimitha ezi-2 okanye zincinci.

Inqanaba 2

Eli nqanaba lichaza umhlaza webele ongenayo apho enye yezi zinto ziyinyani:

• Ithumba lilinganisa ngaphantsi kweesentimitha ezi-2 (3/4 intshi), kodwa lisasazeke kwii-lymph node phantsi kwengalo.
• I-tumor iphakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-5 cm (malunga ne-3/4 intshi ukuya kwi-intshi ezimbini) kwaye inokuthi okanye ingasasazeki kwii-lymph nodes phantsi kwengalo.
• Ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-5 (ii-intshi ezimbini), kodwa alizange lisasazeke nakweyiphi na i-lymph nodes.
• Akukho thumba liqhekekileyo lifunyanwa ebeleni, kodwa umhlaza webele ongaphezulu kweemilimitha ezi-2 ufunyanwa kwi-1-3 ye-lymph node phantsi kwengalo okanye kufutshane nethambo lesifuba.

Inqanaba 2 Umhlaza webele wahlulwe kwinqanaba 2A kunye 2B.

Kwi Inqanaba 2A, alikho ithumba elifunyenwe ebeleni okanye eli thumba lincinci kuneesentimitha ezi-2. Umhlaza unokufunyanwa kwii-lymph node okwangoku, okanye ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-2 kodwa lincinci kuneesentimitha ezi-5 kwaye umhlaza awusasazekanga kwii-lymph node.

Kwi Inqanaba 2B, ithumba linokuba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-2 kodwa libe lincinci kuneesentimitha ezi-5, kwaye iiseli zomhlaza wamabele zifunyenwe kwii-lymph node, okanye ithumba lisenokuba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-5, kodwa umhlaza awusasazekanga kwii-lymph node.

Inqanaba 3

Inqanaba lesi-3 lomhlaza uye wafudukela kwizicubu zamabele ngakumbi nakwiindawo ezingqongileyo kodwa khange usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba.

• Inqanaba 3A Amathumba angaphezulu kweesentimitha ezi-5 (ii-intshi ezi-2) kwaye asasazeke kwi-lymph node enye ukuya kwezintathu phantsi kwengalo, okanye nabuphi na ubungakanani kwaye asasazeke kwii-lymph node ezininzi.
• A Inqanaba 3B Ithumba lobuphi na ubungakanani linwenwele nakwizicubu ezikufutshane nebele - ulusu kunye nezihlunu zesifuba- kwaye zisenokuthi zisasazeke kwii-lymph node ngaphakathi kwebele okanye phantsi kwengalo.
• Inqanaba 3C umhlaza lithumba lobuphi na ubungakanani obuthe basasazeka:
  • ukuya kwi-10 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-lymph node phantsi kwengalo
  • ukuya kwii-lymph node ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwekhola kunye nasentanyeni kwicala elifanayo lomzimba njengesifuba esichaphazelekayo
  • kwii-lymph nodes ngaphakathi kwebele naphantsi kwengalo

Inqanaba 4

Inqanaba 4 Umhlaza webele usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, ezinje ngemiphunga, isibindi, amathambo, okanye ingqondo. Kule nqanaba, umhlaza uthathwa njengophambili kwaye ukhetho lonyango lilinganiselwe.

Umhlaza awusanyangeki kuba amalungu aphambili ayachaphazeleka. Kodwa lukhona unyango olunokunceda ukuphucula kunye nokugcina umgangatho wobomi ulungile.

Imbonakalo

Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza awunakuba neempawu ezibonakalayo ngexesha lokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo kwaye uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuba kukho into engaziva iqhelekile. Umhlaza wamabele wangaphambili ubanjiwe, kokukhona amathuba akho okuba nesiphumo esihle.

Ukufunda malunga nokuxilongwa komhlaza kunokuziva kunzima kwaye kuyikrakra. Ukunxibelelana nabanye abakwaziyo oko uhlangabezana nako kunokunceda ukunciphisa ezi zinto zixhalabisayo. Fumana inkxaso kwabanye abaphila nomhlaza wamabele.

Fumana inkxaso kwabanye abaphila nomhlaza wamabele. Khuphela usetyenziso lwasimahla lweHealthline Apha.