Yintoni Ebangela La Manqaku aMnyama naBlue?

Umxholo

• Iimeko ezibangela ukugruzuka, kunye nemifanekiso
• Ukulimala kwezemidlalo
• Ingxubusho
• I-Thrombocytopenia
• Ileukemia
• Isifo seVon Willebrand
• Ukwenzakala entloko
• Iqatha leqatha
• Iintlobo zemisipha
• IHemophilia A
• Isifo seKrisimesi (hemophilia B)
• Ukusilela kwefactor VII
• Ukusilela kwefactor X
• Ukusilela kwefactor V
• Ukusilela kweFactor II
• Iimvumba ze-Varicose
• I-vein thrombosis enzulu (DVT)
• Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukileyo zemivumbo ezikhoyo?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zeempawu zemivumbo?
• Iimpawu ezinzima
• Yintoni ebangela ukwenzakala?
• Iingxaki zokopha
• Ungayinyanga njani imivumbo
• Ungakuthintela njani ukugruzuka

Ukuthuthuzela

Amanqaku amnyama nahlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlala enxulunyaniswa nemivimbo. Ukutyumka, okanye ukudumba, kuvela kulusu ngenxa yomothuko. Imizekelo yokwenzakala kukusikwa okanye ukubethwa kwindawo yomzimba. Ukwenzakala kubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi encinci ebizwa ngokuba zii-capillaries iqhume. Igazi libanjiswa ngaphantsi komphezulu wolusu, nto leyo ebangela ukugruzuka.

Ukuqhekeka kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka. Eminye imivumbo ibonakala ingenabuhlungu kakhulu, kwaye usenokungayiboni. Ngelixa ukutyumka kuqhelekile, kubalulekile ukuba wazi unyango lwakho kwaye nokuba imeko yakho iyafuna na ukuba ufumane unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Iimeko ezibangela ukugruzuka, kunye nemifanekiso

Uninzi lwemivumbo lubangelwa kukonzakala emzimbeni. Ezinye zeemeko ezinokuthi zenze ukutyumka kuqheleke ngakumbi. Nazi izizathu ezili-16 ezinokubangela ukutyumka.

Isilumkiso: Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ngaphambili.

Ukulimala kwezemidlalo

• Ukulimala kwezemidlalo zezo kwenzeka ngexesha lokuzilolonga okanye xa uthatha inxaxheba kwezemidlalo.
• Babandakanya amathambo aphukileyo, iintlobo kunye nokuqunjelwa, ukususwa, imisipha eqhekekileyo, kunye nokudumba kwezihlunu.
• Ukulimala kwezemidlalo kunokubakho ngenxa yengozi okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo malunga nokwenzakala kwezemidlalo.

Ingxubusho

• Oku kukulimala kwengqondo okuthobekileyo okunokwenzeka emva kwempembelelo entlokweni yakho okanye emva konzakala kohlobo lwe-whiplash.
• Iimpawu zokuxubana ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kubukhali bokwenzakala kunye nomntu owenzakeleyo.
• Iingxaki zememori, ukudideka, ukozela okanye uziva ukonqena, isiyezi, umbono ophindaphindiweyo okanye umbono ophazamisayo, intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni okanye kwingxolo, iingxaki zokulinganisa, kunye nokucothisa ukuphendula kwisikhuthazo zezinye zeempawu ezinokubakho.
• Iimpawu zingaqala kwangoko, okanye zisenokungakhuli kangangeeyure, iintsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga emva kokonzakala entloko.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo malunga neempikiswano.

I-Thrombocytopenia

• I-Thrombocytopenia ibhekisa kwinani leplatelet elingaphantsi kwesiqhelo. Ingabangelwa ziimeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.
• Iimpawu ziyahluka ngobunzima.
• Iimpawu zinokubandakanya imivumbo ebomvu, emfusa, okanye emdaka, irhashalala enamachaphaza amancinci abomvu okanye mfusa, ukuphuma kweempumlo, ukopha kweentsini, ukopha ixesha elide, igazi kwizitulo kunye nomchamo, ukugabha kwegazi kunye nokopha okunzima kokuya exesheni.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo kwi-thrombocytopenia.

Ileukemia

• Eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza wegazi ezenzeka xa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kumongo wethambo zikhula ngaphandle kolawulo.
• IiLeukemias zihlelwa ngokuqala (okungapheliyo okanye okugwenxa) kunye neentlobo zeeseli ezichaphazelekayo (iiseli ze-myeloid kunye nee-lymphocyte).
• Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ukujuluka okugqithisileyo, ngakumbi ebusuku, ukukhathala kunye nobuthathaka obungahambi nokuphumla, ukunciphisa umzimba ngokungenanjongo, iintlungu zethambo, kunye nokuthantamisa.
• Iintlungu ezingenantlungu, ezidumbileyo (ingakumbi entanyeni nasemakhwapheni), ukwanda kwesibindi okanye udakada, amabala abomvu kulusu (petechiae), ukopha ngokulula kunye nokugruzuka ngokulula, umkhuhlane okanye ukugodola, kunye nosulelo oluqhelekileyo zizimpawu ezinokubakho.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo ngeleukemia.

Isifo seVon Willebrand

• Isifo iVon Willebrand sisifo esophayo esibangelwa kukusilela kwe-von Willebrand factor (VWF).
• Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-VWF asebenzayo asezantsi, iiplatelets zakho aziyi kuba nakho ukujija ngokufanelekileyo, oko kukhokelela kukopha ixesha elide.
• Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zibandakanya ukutyunyuzwa ngokulula, ukopha okungaphezulu, ukuphuma kwegazi ixesha elide emva kokonzakala, ukopha kwiintsini, nokopha ngokungaqhelekanga ngexesha lokuya exesheni.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo ngesifo seVon Willebrand.

Ukwenzakala entloko

Le meko ithathwa njengengxamisekileyo kwezonyango. Unonophelo olungxamisekileyo lunokufuneka.

• Olu naluphi na uhlobo lokonzakala kwingqondo yakho, kwikakayi, okanye entlonzeni.
• Ukulimala kwentloko okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukubetha, ukuqhekeka kokakayi, kunye namanxeba entlonzeni.
• Ukwenzakala entloko kuhlala kubangelwa kukubethwa ebusweni okanye entloko, okanye iintshukumo ezinyikinya intloko.
• Kubalulekile ukuba uphathe konke ukwenzakala entloko ngokungxamisekileyo kwaye uhlolwe ngugqirha.
• Iimpawu ezinobungozi ezibonisa ukungxamiseka kwezonyango kubandakanya ukuphulukana nokuqonda, ukuxhuzula, ukugabha, ukulinganisela okanye iingxaki zokulungelelanisa, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuhamba kwamehlo okungaqhelekanga, ukuphikelela okanye ukuba mandundu kwentloko, ukuphulukana nolawulo lwemisipha, ukulahleka kwememori, ukuphuma kolwelo olucacileyo kwindlebe okanye impumlo , kunye nokulala kakhulu.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo malunga nokulimala entloko.

Iqatha leqatha

• Oku kukwenzakala kwimithambo enzima yeethishu (iigaments) ezijikeleze kwaye zidibanise amathambo omlenze elunyaweni.
• Oku kwenzeka ngesiqhelo xa unyawo lujija okanye luqengqeleka ngesiquphe, ukunyanzela iqatha ukuba lidibane nendawo yalo eqhelekileyo.
• Ukudumba, ukuthamba, ukutyumka, iintlungu, ukungakwazi ukubeka ubunzima kwiqatha elichaphazelekayo, ukubola kwesikhumba, kunye nokuqina ziimpawu ezinokubakho.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo malunga namaqatha.

Iintlobo zemisipha

• Izihlunu zemisipha zenzeka xa isihlunu siwexekile okanye sikrazukile ekusebenziseni kakubi okanye ukwenzakala.
• Iimpawu zibandakanya ukuqala kwentlungu ngequbuliso, ukukhathazeka, ukuhamba okulinganiselweyo, ukutyumka okanye ukudumba, ukudumba, uvakalelo "lwamaqhina", ukudumba kwemisipha kunye nokuqina.
• Iintlobo ezinobunzima bokumodareyitha zinokunyangwa ngempumelelo ekhaya ngokuphumla, umkhenkce, uxinzelelo, ukuphakama, ubushushu, ukuzolula ngobunono, kunye namayeza okulwa nokudumba.
• Funa unyango olukhawulezileyo ukuba iintlungu, ukutyumka, okanye ukudumba akupheli kwiveki okanye kuya kusiba mandundu, ukuba indawo eyenzakeleyo ibindindisholo okanye yopha, ukuba awukwazi ukuhamba, okanye awukwazi ukuhamba iingalo okanye imilenze.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo malunga nobunzima bemisipha.

IHemophilia A

• Esi sisifo sokopha esivela kwilifa apho umntu asweleyo okanye amanqanaba asezantsi eeproteni ezithile ekuthiwa zii-clotting factor, kwaye igazi aligutyungeki ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yoko.
• Iimpawu zesifo zibangelwa sisiphene kwimfuza emisela ukuba umzimba uzenza njani izinto ezijiyisayo VIII, IX, okanye XI.
• Ukusilela kwezi zinto kubangela ukopha ngokulula kunye nengxaki yegazi ekunqandeni kubantu abachaphazelekayo.
• Ukopha okuzenzekelayo, ukugruzuka ngokulula, ukuphuma kweempumlo, ukuphuma kweentsini, ukopha ixesha elide emva kotyando okanye ukwenzakala, ukopha kumalungu, ukopha ngaphakathi, okanye ukopha kwingqondo zezinye zeempawu ezinokubakho.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo ngeHemophilia A.

Isifo seKrisimesi (hemophilia B)

• Ngale ngxaki inqabileyo yemfuza, umzimba uvelisa into encinci okanye ungabinayo i-IX, ebangela igazi ukuba livale ngendlela engalunganga.
• Ihlala ifunyaniswa iselusana okanye ebuntwaneni.
• Ukopha ixesha elide, ukungachazwa, ukugruzuka okugqithisileyo, ukopha kwiintsini, okanye ukuphuma kweempumlo ixesha elide zezinye zeempawu.
• Igazi elingachazwanga linokubonakala kumchamo okanye kwilindle, kwaye ukopha ngaphakathi kunokudibanisa kumalungu, okubangela iintlungu nokudumba.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo ngesifo seKrisimesi (ihemophilia B).

Ukusilela kwefactor VII

• Oku kwenzeka xa umzimba ungavelisi ngokwaneleyo i-VII okanye kukho into ephazamisa imveliso ye-VII, ihlala iyenye imeko yonyango okanye amayeza.
• Iimpawu zibandakanya ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga emva kokubeleka, ukwenza utyando, okanye ukwenzakala; ukugruzuka ngokulula; ukuphuma kweempumlo; iintsini zokopha; kunye nexesha elinzima okanye elide lokuya exesheni.
• Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, iimpawu zingabandakanya ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-cartilage kumalungu avela kwiindawo zokuphuma kwegazi kunye nokuphuma emathunjini, isisu, izihlunu okanye intloko.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo malunga nokusilela kwento VII.

Ukusilela kwefactor X

• Ukusilela kweFactor X, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Stuart-Prower factor defence, yimeko ebangelwa kukungabikho ngokwaneleyo kweprotein eyaziwa njenge factor X egazini.
• Esi sifo sinokugqithiswa kwiintsapho ngokusebenzisa izakhi zofuzo (ukuswela into eyi-X) kodwa kunokubangelwa ngamayeza athile okanye enye imeko yonyango (efunyenwe kukusilela kwe-X).
• Ukusilela kwefactor X kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwindlela eqhelekileyo yegazi yokunqanda igazi.
• Iimpawu zibandakanya ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga emva kokubeleka, ukwenza utyando, okanye ukwenzakala; ukugruzuka ngokulula; ukuphuma kweempumlo; iintsini zokopha; kunye nexesha elinzima okanye elide lokuya exesheni.
• Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, iimpawu zingabandakanya ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-cartilage kumalungu avela kwiindawo zokuphuma kwegazi kunye nokuphuma emathunjini, isisu, izihlunu okanye intloko.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo malunga nokusilela kwe-X.

Ukusilela kwefactor V

• Oku kubangelwa kukunqongophala kwento V, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-proaccelerin, eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendlela yokunqanda igazi.
• Ukusilela kubangela ukujija okungafanelekanga, okukhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi ixesha elide emva kotyando okanye ukwenzakala.
• Ukunqongophala kwento V kunokubangelwa ngamanye amayeza, iimeko zonyango okanye ukusabela okuzenzekelayo.
• Iimpawu zibandakanya ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga emva kokubeleka, ukwenza utyando, okanye ukwenzakala; ukugruzuka ngokulula; ukuphuma kweempumlo; iintsini zokopha; kunye nexesha elinzima okanye elide lokuya exesheni.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo malunga nokusilela kwento V.

Ukusilela kweFactor II

• Oku kubangelwa kukunqongophala kwento II, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-prothrombin, eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendlela yokunqanda igazi.
• Esi sifo sinqabileyo sokunqanda igazi sibangela ukopha kakhulu okanye ixesha elide emva kokonzakala okanye kotyando.
• Inokuzuzwa njengelifa okanye ifunyanwe ngenxa yesifo, amayeza, okanye impendulo yokuzimela.
• Iimpawu zibandakanya ukuphuma kwembambo ngexesha lokuzalwa, ukugruzuka okungachazwanga, ukuphuma kweempumlo ixesha elide, ukopha kwiintsini, ukuba nzima okanye ixesha elide ukuya exesheni, kunye nokopha ngaphakathi kumalungu, izihlunu, ukakayi, okanye ingqondo.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo malunga nokusilela kwento II.

Iimvumba ze-Varicose

• Iimvumba ze-Varicose zenzeka xa imithambo ingasebenzi kakuhle, ibangele ukuba bandiswe, bahluthwe, kwaye bazaliswe ligazi.
• Iimpawu eziphambili zibonakala kakhulu, i-misshapen veins.
• Intlungu, ukudumba, ubunzima, kunye nokuqaqamba ngaphezulu okanye malunga nemithambo eyandisiweyo nayo inokwenzeka.
• Kwiimeko ezinzima imithambo iyopha kwaye yenze izilonda.
• Iimvumba ze-Varicose zixhaphake kakhulu emilenzeni.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo kwimithambo ye-varicose.

I-vein thrombosis enzulu (DVT)

Le meko ithathwa njengengxamisekileyo kwezonyango. Unonophelo olungxamisekileyo lunokufuneka.

• I-vein thrombosis enzulu yimeko enzima eyenzekayo xa iifom yegazi yenzeka kumthambo ngaphakathi ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
• Iimpawu zibandakanya ukudumba elunyaweni, eqatheni, okanye emlenzeni (ngesiqhelo kwicala elinye), ukunyanzelisa iintlungu zethole kumlenze ochaphazelekayo, kunye neentlungu ezibuhlungu okanye ezingachazekiyo elunyaweni naseqatha.
• Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya indawo yolusu evakala ifudumele kunesikhumba esiyingqongileyo, kunye nolusu kwindawo echaphazelekayo ejika umbala okanye umbala obomvu okanye luhlaza.
• Ii-DVTs zinokuhamba ziye emiphungeni zibangele ukubola kwemiphunga.

Funda inqaku elipheleleyo kwi-vein thrombosis enzulu.

Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukileyo zemivumbo ezikhoyo?

Zintathu iintlobo zemivumbo esekwe kwindawo ezihlala kuyo emzimbeni wakho:

• Ngaphantsi imikrwelo yenzeka nje ngaphantsi kolusu.
• Intramuscular imivumbo ivela kwimisipha engaphantsi.
• Imivumbo yePeriosteal yenzeka emathanjeni.

Ziintoni iimpawu zeempawu zemivumbo?

Iimpawu zokutyumka ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwisizathu. Ukuqaqamba kolusu kuhlala kungumqondiso wokuqala. Ngelixa zihlala zimnyama ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imivumbo inokuba:

• bomvu
• luhlaza
• mfusa
• ntsundu
• tyheli, okuhlala kwenzeka njengoko ukutyumka kuphola

Unokufumana iintlungu kunye nokuthantamisa kwindawo yokugruzuka. Ezi mpawu ngokubanzi ziyaphucuka njengoko ukugruzuka kuphola. Funda ngakumbi ngamanqanaba anemibala yemivumbo.

Iimpawu ezinzima

Ezinye iimpawu zibonisa imeko enzima ngakumbi. Funa unyango ukuba unayo:

• ukonyusa ukutyumka ngelixa uthatha i-aspirin (Bayer) okanye ezinye izinto ezinciphisa igazi
• ukudumba kunye neentlungu kwindawo yokugruzuka
• ukugruzuka okwenzeka emva kokubethwa kanobom okanye ukuwa
• ukugruzuka okwenzeka kunye nethambo ekrokrelwayo ekrokrokileyo
• ukutyumza ngaphandle kwesizathu
• ukukrala okusilelayo ukuphola emva kweeveki ezine
• ukutyumka phantsi kweenzipho zakho kubuhlungu
• ukugruzuka okuhamba nokopha kwiintsini zakho, impumlo, okanye umlomo
• ukutyumza okuhamba negazi kumchamo wakho, isitulo okanye iliso

Kwakhona jonga umboneleli wezempilo ukuba unayo:

• ukugruzuka okungachazwanga, ngakumbi kwipateni ephindaphindayo
• ukugruzuka okungabi buhlungu
• imivumbo evele kwindawo enye ngaphandle kokonzakala
• nayiphi na imivumbo emnyama emilenzeni yakho

Imivumbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emilenzeni yakho inokuvela kwimithambo ye-varicose, kodwa imivumbo emnyama ingabonisa i-vein thrombosis (DVT) enzulu, kukuphuhliswa kwegazi. Oku kungasongela ubomi.

Yintoni ebangela ukwenzakala?

Imivumbo engachazwanga ebonakala kwilin okanye edolweni inokuthi ivele ngokungqubeka kwindawo yomnyango, ebhedini, eposini, okanye esihlalweni ungakhange uqaphele.

Ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo zemivimbo zibandakanya:

• ukulimala kwezemidlalo
• iingozi zeemoto
• ukuxubana
• ukwenzakala entloko
• iqatha
• ubunzima bemisipha
• ukubetha, njengokukubetha komntu okanye ukubethwa yibhola
• amayeza anciphisa igazi, njenge-aspirin okanye i-warfarin (Coumadin)
• izongezo

Imivumbo ethi ikhule emva kokunqunyulwa, ukutshiswa, ukuwa, okanye ukwenzakala kuqhelekile. Akuqhelekanga ukuphuhlisa iqhina kwindawo yokugubha. Le micimbi ifana njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuphilisa ngokwendalo yomzimba wakho. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho nto inokukhathazeka ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unenxeba elityumkileyo, liphinde livule, kwaye livelise ubofu, ulwelo olucacileyo, okanye igazi, jonga umboneleli wezempilo kwangoko. Oku kunokuba yimpawu yosulelo.

Ukuba umntwana unemivumbo engachazwanga, mthathe uye kumboneleli wezempilo ukuze abone unobangela. Ukutyunyuzwa okungachazwanga emntwaneni kunokuba luphawu lokugula kakhulu okanye ukuphathwa gadalala.

Amanye amayeza enza ukuba kube lula ukuba ukruneke. Oku kunjalo ngakumbi kubacoci begazi kunye nee-corticosteroids. Ezinye izongezo zemifuno, ezinjengeoyile yentlanzi, zineziphumo ezifanayo zokucutha igazi kwaye zinokukhokelela kwimigruzuko. Unokuthi uqaphele ukutyumza emva kokufumana inaliti okanye ukunxiba iimpahla ezixineneyo.

Imivumbo ikwayinto eqhelekileyo kubantu abadala. Njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, isikhumba sakho siba sincinci, kwaye i-capillaries phantsi kwesikhumba sakho iya kuba lula ukuphuka.

Abanye abantu batyumza ngokulula, ngaphandle kwempembelelo encinci emzimbeni wabo. Abasetyhini nabo bathambekele ngakumbi ekugruzukeni. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ayisiyonto yothusayo leyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba olu luphuhliso lwamva nje, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nonobangela kunye nokhetho lonyango.

Iingxaki zokopha

Ngamanye amaxesha ukugruzuka kubangelwa yimeko engahambelani nokwenzakala. Inani leengxaki zokopha kunokubangela ukutyumka rhoqo. Ezi meko zibandakanya:

• Isifo seVon Willebrand
• ihemophilia A
• Isifo seKrisimesi
• Ukusilela kwento VII
• Ukunqongophala kwento X
• Ukusilela kwento V
• Ukusilela kwento II

Ungayinyanga njani imivumbo

Unokuphatha ukutyumka ekhaya ngezinye zezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Sebenzisa ipakethe yomkhenkce ukunciphisa ukudumba. Songela ipakethe kwilaphu ukunqanda ukuyibeka ngqo kulusu lwakho olonzakeleyo. Shiya umkhenkce xa ukruqukile imizuzu eli-15. Phinda oku iyure nganye xa kufuneka njalo.
• Phumla indawo eyaphukileyo.
• Ukuba kuyenzeka, phakamisa indawo eyaphukileyo ngaphezu kwentliziyo yakho ukugcina igazi lingangeni kwizihlunu ezaphukileyo.
• Thatha amayeza angaphaya kwamayeza, anje nge-acetaminophen (iTylenol), ukunciphisa iintlungu kuloo ndawo. Gwema i-aspirin okanye ibuprofen njengoko inokunyusa ukopha.
• Nxiba iintloko ezinemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe ukukhusela imivumbo ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.

Ungakuthintela njani ukugruzuka

Ngokuqinisekileyo ngekhe udlule ebomini ungakhange ufumane ukugruzuka, kodwa ungathintela ukukrala ngokuqaphela xa udlala, uzilolonga kwaye uqhuba.

Sebenzisa iiphedi emadolweni, iingqiniba, kunye neentsimbi xa ucoca okanye udlala imidlalo ukunqanda ukugruzuka kwezi ndawo. Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokugruzuka xa udlala imidlalo ngokunxiba:

• oonogada be shin
• iiphedi zamagxa
• oonogada benyonga
• Iithanga lamathanga

Amaxesha athile amanqaku amnyama nahlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimivumbo yinto eqhelekileyo. Imivumbo ayinakukhathazeka, kodwa ihlala iphola iyodwa ngaphandle kokuba inxulunyaniswa nemeko yonyango. Jonga umboneleli wakho wezononophelo lwempilo ukuba umvumbo awuphuculi okanye usombulule kwiiveki ezintathu.