Yintoni abantu abaLusu oluMnyama abafuna ukuyazi malunga nokhathalelo lwelanga

Umxholo

• Ndingatshiswa lilanga?
• Isikali seFitzpatrick
• Kubonakala njani ukutshiswa lilanga kulusu olumnyama?
• Ndingawufumana umhlaza wolusu?
• Ayisiyiyo nje malunga nokuvezwa lilanga
• Ngaba zikhona iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu zokuqala endimele ndizibukele?
• Ndingazikhusela njani ekungangeni elangeni?
• Faka into yokuthambisa elangeni
• Khumbula ukufaka isicelo kwakhona
• Hlala emthunzini ngamaxesha aphakamileyo
• Qinisekisa ukuba unezinto ezifanelekileyo
• Umgca wezantsi

Enye yeentsomi ezinkulu zelanga kukuba iithoni zolusu ezimnyama azidingi kukhuseleko kwilanga.

Kuyinyani ukuba abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama mancinci amathuba okuba batshiswe lilanga, kodwa umngcipheko usekho. Kwaye kunye nokuvezwa kwexesha elide kusonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu, ngaphandle kwethoni yesikhumba.

Nantsi yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nefuthe lelanga kulusu olumnyama.

Ndingatshiswa lilanga?

Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama kunqabile ukuba bafumane ukutshiswa lilanga ngenxa yento encinci ebizwa nge-melanin. Yimbala yolusu eveliswa ziiseli zolusu ezibizwa ngokuba yimelanocytes. Injongo yayo kukuthintela iziphumo eziyingozi zemitha ye-ultraviolet (UV).

Iithoni zesikhumba esimnyama zine-melanin ngakumbi kunezo zikhaphukhaphu, oko kuthetha ukuba zikhuselwe ngcono elangeni. Kodwa i-melanin ayikhuselekanga kuyo yonke imitha ye-UV, ngoko ke kusekho umngcipheko othile.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) afumanise ukuba abantu abamnyama banamathuba okuba batshiswe lilanga. Abantu abamhlophe bona babenelona zinga liphezulu lokutsha lilanga.

Nanku ukujonga ipesenti yabantu abavela kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo abaye bafumana ubuncinci bokutshiswa lilanga kunyaka ophelileyo, ngokwe:

• phantse iipesenti ezingama-66 zabasetyhini abamhlophe kwaye ngaphezulu nje kweepesenti ezingama-65 zamadoda amhlophe
• ngaphezulu nje kweepesenti ezingama-38 zabasetyhini baseSpain kunye neepesenti ezingama-32 zamadoda aseSpain
• malunga neepesenti ezili-13 zabasetyhini abamnyama kunye neepesenti ezili-9 zamadoda

Kodwa kukho itoni yokwahluka kwithoni yolusu, naphakathi kwala maqela. Ukuqonda ngcono umngcipheko wokutshiswa lilanga, kuyanceda ukwazi apho uwa khona kwisikali seFitzpatrick.

Ephuhliswe ngo-1975, i-dermatologists isebenzisa isikali se-Fitzpatrick ukumisela ukuba ulusu lomntu luza kusabela njani ekuvezweni lilanga.

Isikali seFitzpatrick

Ngokwenqanaba, zonke iithoni zolusu ziwela kwelinye lala macandelo amathandathu:

• Uhlobo lwe-1: ulusu lwendlovu oluhlala lujiyuka kwaye lutshise, lungaze lube ziitani
• Uhlobo lwe-2: ulusu olumhlophe okanye oluphaphathekileyo olutshayo kwaye luxobuke rhoqo, iitani ezincinci
• Uhlobo lwe-3: ulusu ukwenza beige isikhumba esitshisa ngamanye amaxesha, ngamanye amaxesha iitani
• Uhlobo lwe-4: ibala elimdaka ngebala okanye ulusu lomnquma kunqabile ukuba lutshe, lube lula
• Uhlobo lwe-5: isikhumba esimdaka esingafane sitshe, sisebenzisa ngokulula nangokumnyama
• Uhlobo lwe-6: umbala omdaka omnyama okanye omnyama ongafane utshe, uhlala uneetani

Iindidi 1 ukuya ku-3 zinomngcipheko omkhulu wokutshiswa lilanga. Ngelixa iintlobo ze-4 ukuya kwezi-6 zinomngcipheko ophantsi, zisenokuthi ngamanye amaxesha zitshise.

Kubonakala njani ukutshiswa lilanga kulusu olumnyama?

Ukutshiswa lilanga kubonakala ngokwahlukileyo kwiithoni zolusu ezikhanyayo nezimnyama. Kubantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo, iya kujongeka ibomvu kwaye izive ishushu, ibuhlungu, okanye zombini. Isikhumba esitshisiweyo sinokuziva siqinile.

Kodwa abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama abanakubona nabuphi na ububomvu. Okwangoku, baya kuba nazo zonke ezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngobushushu, ubuntununtunu kunye nokuchama. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, nayiphi na ithoni yesikhumba inokufumana ukuxobuka.

Ukutshiswa lilanga kuhlala kusiba ngcono kwiveki enye. Iimeko ezinzima zingakhokelela kwiimeko ezinobungozi ezifana nokubetha kobushushu.

Jonga umboneleli wezempilo okanye uqhagamshelane neenkonzo zongxamiseko ukuba ukutshiswa lilanga kuza kunye noku kulandelayo:

• iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu
• ndingcangcazela
• ukudumba okanye isikhumba esidumbileyo
• iimvakalelo zokudinwa, isiyezi, okanye isicaphucaphu
• intloko ebuhlungu
• izihlunu zemithambo

Ndingawufumana umhlaza wolusu?

Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama banokufumana umhlaza wolusu, nangona umngcipheko uphantsi kunabantu abamhlophe.

Ngapha koko, amanqaku athi abantu abamhlophe banomngcipheko ophezulu we-melanoma, kulandele amaNdiya aseMelika kunye neAlaska Natives, Hispanics, Asians kunye nePacific Islanders, kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ngabantu abamnyama.

Kodwa umhlaza wolusu ungakhokelela kwiziphumo eziyingozi ngakumbi kwiithoni zolusu ezimnyama. Okufanayo kwafumanisa ukuba izinga lokufa kumhlaza wesikhumba laliphezulu kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama.

Kungenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bafumaneke kamva kwinqanaba lezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuthanda icala kwezonyango.

Ayisiyiyo nje malunga nokuvezwa lilanga

Inani lezinto ngaphandle kokuvezwa lilanga zichaphazela umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu, kubandakanya:

• Imbali yosapho
• ukusetyenziswa kwebhedi yokushuka
• inani leemolekyuli ezinkulu
• Ukukhanya kunyango lwe-UV kwi-psoriasis kunye ne-eczema
• iimeko ezinxulumene nentsholongwane ye-HPV
• iimeko ezenza buthathaka amajoni akho omzimba

Ngaba zikhona iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu zokuqala endimele ndizibukele?

Ukujonga rhoqo isikhumba sakho kunokuhamba umgama omde xa kufikwa ekuchongeni umhlaza wolusu kwangethuba.

Khumbula, ilanga ayikuphela kwetyala lomhlaza wolusu. Unokuphuhlisa umhlaza wolusu kwiindawo zomzimba wakho ezingakhange zibonakale elangeni.

Mhlawumbi uvile ngale miqondiso iqhelekileyo:

• ezinkulu, ezitshintshayo, okanye ezingaqhelekanga moles
• izilonda okanye amaqhuma aphuma egazini, aphuma, okanye curst
• amabala abonakala engaqhelekanga angapholiyo

Zonke ezi zinto zingasentla ngenene zizinto ekufuneka zijongwe kumalungu abonakalayo omzimba. Kodwa abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama bachaphazeleka ngakumbi kuhlobo lomhlaza obizwa ngokuba yi-acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM). Iza kwiindawo ezithile ezifihliweyo, ezinje:

• izandla
• iinyawo ezinyaweni
• phantsi kweenzipho

Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama bayakhuthazwa ukuba bajonge emilonyeni yabo izinto ezinxaxhileyo nakwezinye iindawo kwezi zilandelayo:

• amabala amnyama, ukukhula, okanye amabala abonakala etshintsha
• iziqwengana eziva zirhabaxa kwaye zomile
• imigca emnyama ngaphantsi okanye ejikeleze iinzipho kunye neenzwane

Nika ulusu lwakho itsheki kanye ngenyanga. Landela ugqirha wesikhumba ubuncinci kube kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlale ngaphezulu kwezinto.

Ndingazikhusela njani ekungangeni elangeni?

Ukukhusela ngokwaneleyo ulusu lwakho kwimitha yelanga kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukutshiswa lilanga.

Nazi iziseko zokulandela:

Faka into yokuthambisa elangeni

Khetha i-sunscreen ebanzi ebanzi ene-SPF ubuncinci engama-30 kokona kukhusela kulungileyo. Ukuba ucwangcisa ukuchitha ixesha elininzi elangeni, sebenzisa imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuba uphumele ngaphandle.

I-ounce (eyoneleyo yokugcwalisa iglasi) iyafuneka ukugubungela ngokwaneleyo ubuso nomzimba womntu omdala. Musa ukulibala iindawo ezinjengeendlebe, imilebe, kunye neenkophe.

Khumbula ukufaka isicelo kwakhona

Ukuqokelela kwi-sunscreen kukhulu, kodwa iziphumo azizukuhlala ixesha elide ukuba awuphindi uyenze kwakhona.

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufake kwakhona i-sunscreen qho kwiiyure ezimbini. Ukuba udada okanye ubile, kuya kufuneka uphinde ufake isicelo ngaphambi kweli xesha.

Hlala emthunzini ngamaxesha aphakamileyo

Phakathi ko-10 kusasa no-4 emva kwemini. kuxa ilanga lomelele. Nokuba unciphise ukubonakaliswa kwakho okanye ukufihla ngeli xesha.

Qinisekisa ukuba unezinto ezifanelekileyo

Isigqoko esine-brimm ebanzi kunye nezibuko zelanga ezivimba ubuncinci iipesenti ezingama-99 zokukhanya kwe-UV ziphambili. Unokucinga ngokuthenga iimpahla zokukhusela ilanga.

Umgca wezantsi

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba umbala wesikhumba sakho unjani, kubalulekile ukukhusela elangeni. Amathuba omhlaza wesikhumba kunye nokutshiswa lilanga angaphantsi kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, kodwa usekhona umngcipheko wokufumana nokuba.

Ukugcina wena kunye nolusu lwakho lukhuselekile kulula ngakumbi ngolwazi oluncinci. Ukukhumbula indlela yokukhusela ulusu lwakho kwimitha ye-UV linyathelo elibalulekileyo. Kodwa ke kukwazi indlela yokuchonga iimpawu zokutsha kunye nokungaqhelekanga komhlaza.

Kwaye ukuba ukhe ukhathazeke ngolusu lwakho, ungathandabuzi ukubhukisha idinga kunye nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.