Yintoni amadlala amathe, yintoni umsebenzi wabo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo

Umxholo

• Umsebenzi wamadlala amathe
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka?
• 1. Sialoadenitis
• 2. Sialolithiasis
• 3. Umhlaza wamadlala amathe
• 4. Usulelo
• 5. Izifo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo

Amadlala esalivary zizakhiwo ezibekwe emlonyeni ezinomsebenzi wokuvelisa kunye nokufihla amathe, anee-enzymes ezinoxanduva lokuqhuba inkqubo yokwetyisa yokutya kunye nokugcina ukuthambisa komqala nasemlonyeni, ukuthintela ukoma.

Kwezinye iimeko, ezinje ngokusuleleka okanye ukwenziwa kwamatye e-salivary, ukusebenza kwe-salivary gland kungaphazamiseka, kukhokelela kwiimpawu ezinje ngokudumba kwedlala elichaphazelekayo, elinokubonwa ngokudumba kobuso, kunye nentlungu umzekelo ukuvula umlomo kunye nokuginya. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba umntu aye kugqirha wamazinyo okanye ugqirha jikelele ukuze unobangela aphandwe kwaye kuqalwe unyango olufanelekileyo.

Umsebenzi wamadlala amathe

Umsebenzi ophambili wamadlala amathe kukuvelisa kunye nokufihla amathe, okwenzekayo xa kukho ukutya emlonyeni okanye njengesiphumo sokuvuselela amandla, ukongeza ekwenzekeni rhoqo ngenjongo yokugcina ukuthambisa kunye nococeko lomlomo, njengoko inee-enzymes ezikwaziyo ukushenxisa iintsholongwane kwaye ke zinciphise umngcipheko we-caries.

Amathe avelisiweyo nafihliweyo nawo atyebile kwii-enzymes zokwetyisa, ezinje nge-ptialin, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-salivary amylase, ejongene nenqanaba lokuqala lenkqubo yokwetyisa, ehambelana nokuthotywa kwesitatshi kunye nokuthanjiswa kokutya, ukuvumela ukuginya. Qonda ukuba isebenza njani inkqubo yokwetyisa.

Izibilini ze-salivary zikhona emlonyeni kwaye zinokuhlelwa ngokweendawo zazo kwi:

• Amadlala eParotid, Yeyona ndlala inkulu kakhulu kwaye ibekwe ngaphambi kwendlebe nasemva kwemandible;
• Amadlala asezantsi, ekhoyo kwicandelo elingasemva lomlomo;
• Amadlala angaphantsi, ezincinci kwaye zibekwe phantsi kolwimi.

Onke amadlala asenyameni avelisa amathe, nangona kunjalo amadlala e-parotid, amakhulu, anoxanduva lokuvelisa ngakumbi kunye nokufihla amathe.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka?

Ezinye iimeko zinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwamadlala amathe, anokuba neziphumo kwintlalontle yomntu kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Olona tshintsho luphambili lunxulunyaniswa ne-salivary gland kukuthintelwa kwendlela ye-salivary ngenxa yobukho bamatye akhiwe kwindawo leyo.

Utshintsho kumadlala amathe luyahluka ngokwonobangela, ukuvela kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili, olona tshintsho luphambili lunxulumene nala madlala:

1. Sialoadenitis

I-Sialoadenitis ihambelana nokudumba kwamadlala amathe ngenxa yosulelo lweentsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya, ukuphazamiseka kwendlela okanye ubukho belitye elinamathe, okukhokelela kwiimpawu ezinokuthi zingonwabi emntwini, ezinje ngeentlungu ezingapheliyo emlonyeni, ukuba bomvu komqala inwebu, ukudumba kommandla phantsi kolwimi owomileyo nomlomo.

Kwimeko ye-sialoadenitis ebandakanya i-parotid gland, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukudumba kubonakale kwicala lobuso, kulapho le ndlala inokufumaneka khona. Yazi indlela yokuqonda imiqondiso ye-sialoadenitis.

Kwenziwe ntoni: I-Sialoadenitis ihlala isombulula ngokwayo, ke akukho mfuneko yonyango oluthile. Nangona kunjalo, xa iphikelela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha wamazinyo okanye ugqirha jikelele ukwenza uxilongo kwaye uqalise ngonyango, olwahluka ngokonobangela, kwaye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane angabonakaliswa kwimeko yosulelo, okanye ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezichasayo ngenjongo yokunciphisa iimpawu kunye neempawu.

2. Sialolithiasis

I-Sialolithiasis inokuchazwa ngokuxhaphakileyo njengobukho bamatye e-salivary duct, ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwayo, okunokuthi kubonwe ngeempawu kunye neempawu ezinjengeentlungu ebusweni nasemlonyeni, ukudumba, ubunzima ekuginyeni nasemlonyeni owomileyo.

Isizathu sokwakhiwa kwamatye amathe asikaziwa, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba amatye sisiphumo sokudityaniswa kwezinto ezikhoyo ematheni kwaye anokuthandeka kukutya okungonelanga okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile ukunciphisa inani lamathe avelisiweyo.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Unyango lwe-sialolithiasis kufuneka lukhuthazwe ngugqirha kwaye lungahluka ngokobungakanani belitye. Kwimeko yamatye amancinci, kunokucetyiswa ukuba umntu asele amanzi aneleyo ukukhuthaza ilitye lendle ukuba abaleke. Kwelinye icala, xa ilitye likhulu kakhulu, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe inkqubo encinci yotyando ukususa ilitye. Qonda ukuba iphathwa njani i-sialolithiasis.

3. Umhlaza wamadlala amathe

Umhlaza wamadlala amathe sisifo esinqabileyo esinokuthi siqapheleke ngokuvela kweempawu ezithile, ezinje ngokuvela kwesigaqa ebusweni, entanyeni okanye emlonyeni, iintlungu kunye nokuba ndindisholo ebusweni, ubunzima bokuvula umlomo nokuginya nokuba buthathaka kwimisipha yobuso.

Ngaphandle kokuba sisifo esibi, olu hlobo lomhlaza luyanyangeka kwaye luyanyangeka, nangona kunjalo kubalulekile ukuba uxilongo lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye unyango luqale kwakamsinya emva koko.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Kwimeko yomhlaza wamadlala amathe, kubalulekile ukuba unyango luqalwe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela i-metastasis kunye nokwenza mandundu imeko yonyango lomntu. Ke, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza kunye nobungakanani bayo, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba utyando, kususwe iiseli ezininzi zethumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukongeza kwiradiotherapy kunye nekhemotherapy, enokwenziwa yodwa okanye kunye.

Funda ngakumbi ngomhlaza wamadlala amathe.

4. Usulelo

Amadlala amathe anokuphinda asebenze kwaye atshintshe ngenxa yosulelo, olunokubangelwa ngumngundo, iintsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya. Esona sifo sixhaphakileyo yintsholongwane yosapho Iparamyxoviridae, elijongene noqwilikana, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngooqwilikana abasulelayo.

Iimpawu zoqwilikana zivela kwiintsuku ezingama-25 emva kokudibana neentsholongwane kwaye olona phawu luphambili lomaqhuqhuva kukudumba kwicala lobuso, kwingingqi phakathi kwendlebe kunye nesilevu, ngenxa yokudumba kwendlala yeparotid, ukongeza kwintloko kunye ubuso, iintlungu xa uginya naxa uvula umlomo kunye nemvakalelo yomlomo owomileyo.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Unyango loqwilikana lunenjongo yokuthomalalisa iimpawu, kwaye nokusetyenziswa kwezithomalalisi zintlungu kunokucetyiswa ngugqirha ukuphelisa ukungonwabi, kunye nokuphumla kunye nokungenisa ulwelo oluninzi, ukuze kube lula ukuphelisa intsholongwane emzimbeni .

5. Izifo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo

Ezinye izifo ezizimeleyo zinokwenza ukuba amadlala amathe adumbise kwaye angasebenzi kakuhle, njengeSjögren's Syndrome, esisifo esizenzekelayo apho kukho ukudumba kwamadlala ahlukeneyo emzimbeni, kubandakanya amathe kunye nokuqaqamba kwamadlala. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu ezinjengomlomo owomileyo, amehlo owomileyo, ubunzima bokuginya, ulusu olomileyo kunye nomngcipheko owandayo wosulelo emlonyeni nasemehlweni. Yazi ezinye iimpawu zeSjogren's Syndrome.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Unyango lwe-Sjögren's Syndrome lwenziwa ngenjongo yokuthomalalisa iimpawu, ke ugqirha unokucebisa ngokusetyenziswa kokuthanjiswa kwamehlo, amathe kunye nezinto ezichasayo ukudambisa ukudumba.