Ngaba ungaba ngaphezulu kwe-anti-depressants?

Umxholo

• Zithini iidosi ezibekiweyo nezibulalayo?
• Ii-TCA
• SSRIs
• I-SNRIs
• MAOIs
• Uthintelo lokuzibulala
  
• Ziintoni iimpawu kunye neempawu libanda?
• Iimpawu eziphakathi
• Iimpawu ezinzima
• Isifo seSerotonin
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichasene noxinzelelo
• Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ungaphaya kwexesha
• Iphathwa njani i-overdose?
• Umgca wezantsi

Ngaba ukugqithisa kunokwenzeka?

Ewe kunokwenzeka ukugqithisa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lokudakumba, ngakumbi ukuba kuthathwa namanye amayeza okanye amayeza.

I-anti-depressants ngamayeza kagqirha asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimpawu zoxinzelelo, iintlungu ezingapheliyo kunye nezinye iingxaki zemood. Kuthiwa basebenza ngokwandisa amanqanaba eekhemikhali ezithile - i-serotonin kunye ne-dopamine-kwingqondo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-anti-depressants ezikhoyo, kubandakanya:

• I-tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), ezinje nge-amitriptyline kunye ne-imipramine (Tofranil)
• i-monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), Njenge-isocarboxazid (Marplan) kunye ne-phenelzine (Nardil)
• i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiweyo(Ii-SSRIs), kubandakanya i-fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), kunye ne-escitalopram (Lexapro)
• i-serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors(SNRIs), ezinjenge-duloxetine (iCymbalta) kunye ne-venlafaxine (i-Effexor XR)
• iziyobisi ezichasayo, kubandakanya i-bupropion (Wellbutrin) kunye ne-vortioxetine (Trintellix)

I-TCA overdoses ibonakalisiwe ukuba ineziphumo ezibulalayo kune-MAOI, SSRI, okanye i-SNRI overdoses.

Zithini iidosi ezibekiweyo nezibulalayo?

Umthamo obulalayo we-antidepressant uxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• uhlobo lwe-antidepressant
• umzimba wakho uwenza njani amayeza
• ubunzima bakho
• iminyaka yakho
• ukuba unayo nayiphi na imeko esele ikho, njengentliziyo, izintso, okanye imeko yesibindi
• ukuba uthathe i-anti-depressant ngotywala okanye ezinye iziyobisi (kubandakanya ezinye izinto ezichasayo)

Ii-TCA

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zoxinzelelo, i-tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) ikhokelela kwelona nani liphezulu lokudlula okubulalayo.

Idosi yemihla ngemihla ye-TCA amitriptyline iphakathi kwe-40 kunye ne-100 milligrams (mg). Umthamo oqhelekileyo we-imipramine uphakathi kwama-75 no-150 mg ngosuku. Ngokwe-2007 yokuphononongwa kwedatha yeziko leetyhefu lase-US, iimpawu ezisongela ubomi zibonakala ngeedosi ezinkulu kune-1,000 mg. Kwilingo elinye leklinikhi, eyona idosi iphantsi yokubulala ye-imipramine yayiyi-200 mg nje.

Abaphandi bacebisa unyango olungxamisekileyo kuye nakubani na othathe idosi ye-desipramine, nortriptyline, okanye i-trimipramine enkulu kune-2.5 mg ngekhilogram (kg) yesisindo. Kumntu onobunzima obungama-70 kg (malunga neepawundi ezili-154), oku kuguqulela malunga ne-175 mg. Zonke ezinye ii-TCAs, unyango olungxamisekileyo luyacetyiswa ngeedosi ezinkulu kune-5 mg / kg. Kumntu onobunzima obungama-70 kg, oku kuguqulela kwi-350 mg.

SSRIs

I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiweyo (i-SSRIs) zezona zixhaphakileyo zixhaphakileyo kuba zithande ukuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa. Ukuba ithathwa yodwa, i-SSRI overdose ayifane ibulale.

Umthamo oqhelekileyo we-SSRI fluoxetine (Prozac) uphakathi kwama-20 nama-80 mg ngosuku. Idosi esezantsi njenge-520 mg ye-fluoxetine inxulunyaniswe nesiphumo esibulalayo, kodwa kukho umntu othatha i-8 yeegram ze-fluoxetine kwaye achache.

Umngcipheko wetyhefu kunye nokufa uphezulu kakhulu xa idosi ephezulu ye-SSRI ithathwa ngotywala okanye ezinye iziyobisi.

I-SNRIs

I-Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i-SNRIs) ithathwa njengeyona inetyhefu kunee-TCAs, kodwa iyityhefu kune-SSRI.

Idosi eqhelekileyo ye-SNRI venlafaxine iphakathi kwe-75 kunye ne-225 mg ngosuku, ithathwa ngeedosi ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezahluliweyo. Iziphumo ezibulalayo zibonwe kwiidosi ezisezantsi njenge-2,000 mg (2 g).

Okwangoku, uninzi lwee-SNRI overdoses azibulali, nakumanqanaba aphezulu. Uninzi lweziganeko zokugqithisa okubulalayo zibandakanya ngaphezu kwesinye seziyobisi.

MAOIs

I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (i-MAOIs) iklasi endala ye-anti-depressants kwaye ayisasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi. Uninzi lweziganeko zetyhefu ye-MAOI yenzeka xa kuthathwa iidosi ezinkulu kunye notywala okanye ezinye iziyobisi.

Iimpawu ezinzima zokudlula ngaphezulu zinokwenzeka ukuba uthatha ngaphezulu kobunzima bomzimba wakho. Ukusweleka kwi-MAOI overdose, kodwa oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba azimiselwanga ngokubanzi ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwazo okuninzi.

Uthintelo lokuzibulala

1. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu usemngciphekweni wokuzenzakalisa okanye wenzakalise omnye umntu:
2. • Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni.
3. • Hlala naloo mntu de kufike uncedo.
4. • Susa nayiphi na imipu, iimela, amayeza, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ingozi.
5. • Mamela, kodwa musa ukugweba, ukuphikisa, ukugrogrisa, okanye ukukhwaza.
6. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ucinga ngokuzibulala, fumana uncedo kwingxaki okanye kumnxeba wokukhusela ukuzibulala. Zama iNqanaba lokuSebenza lokuThintela ukuzibulala ku-800-273-8255.

Ziintoni iimpawu kunye neempawu libanda?

Ukugqithisa kwi-anti-depressants kunokubangela iimpawu ezinobunzima. Kwezinye iimeko, ukufa kunokwenzeka.

Iimpawu zakho ziya kuxhomekeka:

• malini amayeza owathathileyo
• indlela onomdla ngayo kunyango
• Nokuba uthathe amayeza ngokudibeneyo namanye amachiza

Iimpawu eziphakathi

Kwiimeko ezinobulali, unokufumana:

• abafundi abaxubileyo
• ukudideka
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukozela
• umlomo owomileyo
• ifiva
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• igazi elonyukayo
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Iimpawu ezinzima

Kwiimeko ezinzima, unokufumana:

• nemibono
• izinga lentliziyo elikhawulezileyo (tachycardia)
• ukuxhuzula
• ukungcangcazela
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (hypotension)
• ikhoma
• ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac
• uxinzelelo lokuphefumla
• ukufa

Isifo seSerotonin

Abantu abagqithise kakhulu kwi-anti-depressants banokufumana i-serotonin syndrome. Iserotonin syndrome sisenzo esibi esibi xa kwenzeka i-serotonin eninzi emzimbeni wakho.

Iserotonin syndrome inokubangela:

• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• urhudo
• isisu esiswini
• ukudideka
• ixhala
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungafaniyo (arrhythmia)
• utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwegazi
• ukuxhuzula
• ikhoma
• ukufa

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichasene noxinzelelo

Njengoninzi lwamayeza, i-anti-depressants inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinobulali nakwidosi ephantsi. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• uvalo
• urhudo
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ingxaki yokulala
• umlomo owomileyo
• ukuqhina
• ukutyeba kwakho
• isiyezi
• isini esisezantsi

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokungonwabi ekuqaleni, kodwa ngokubanzi ziyaphucuka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba ufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngelixa uthatha idosi emiselweyo, oko akuthethi ukuba ugqithisile.

Kodwa kuya kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ohlangabezana nazo. Kuxhomekeka kubukhali beempawu zakho, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukunciphisa idosi okanye ukutshintshela kwelinye iyeza.

Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ungaphaya kwexesha

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba i-overdose yenzekile, funa unyango lwangxamisekileyo kwangoko. Akufanele ulinde de iimpawu zakho zibe nzima kakhulu. Iindidi ezithile ze-anti-depressants, ngakumbi ii-MAOIs, azinakubangela zimpawu ezinzima ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokudlula ngaphezulu.

E-United States, ungaqhagamshelana neZiko leLizwe leTyhefu kwi-1-800-222-1222 kwaye ulinde eminye imiyalelo.

Ukuba iimpawu ziba nzima, tsalela iinkonzo zangxamisekileyo zengingqi. Zama ukuhlala uzolile kwaye ugcine umzimba upholile ngelixa ulinde ukuba kufike abasebenzi bakaxakeka.

Iphathwa njani i-overdose?

Kwimeko yokudlula libanda, abasebenzi bakaxakeka baya kukusa esibhedlele okanye kwigumbi likaxakeka.

Unokunikwa amalahle asebenzayo ngelixa usendleleni. Oku kunokunceda ukufunxa amayeza kunye nokunciphisa ezinye zeempawu zakho.

Xa ufika esibhedlele okanye kwigumbi likaxakeka, ugqirha wakho unokumpompa isisu sakho ukususa naliphi na iyeza elisele. Ukuba uyaphazamiseka okanye ungadinwa, banokusebenzisa i-benzodiazepines ukukudambisa.

Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zeserotonin syndrome, banokuhambisa amayeza ukuvimba i-serotonin. Ulwelo olungena ngaphakathi (IV) lunokuba yimfuneko ukuzalisa izakha mzimba ezifanelekileyo nokukhusela ukomisa.

Nje ukuba iimpawu zakho zidambe, unokucelwa ukuba uhlale esibhedlele ukuze ubone.

Umgca wezantsi

Nje ukuba amayeza agqithisileyo aphume kwinkqubo yakho, uya kuba nakho ukufumana kwakhona.

Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo kufuneka athathwe kuphela phantsi kweliso lonyango. Akufanele uthathe ngaphezu kwethamo lakho elimiselweyo, kwaye akufuneki ulungelelanise le dosi ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha wakho.

Ukusebenzisa i-anti-depressants ngaphandle kokuyalelwa okanye ukuwaxuba namanye amayeza kunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Awunakuze uqiniseke ngendlela enokusebenzisana ngayo ne-chemistry yomzimba wakho okanye nawaphi na amayeza okanye iziyobisi ozithathayo.

Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa i-anti-depressants ngokuzonwabisa okanye uzixube nezinye izinto zokuzonwabisa, gcina ugqirha wakho enolwazi. Banokukunceda uqonde umngcipheko wakho wokunxibelelana kunye nokudlula ngaphezulu, kunye nokujonga naluphi na utshintsho kwimpilo yakho iyonke.