Yintoni umhlaza womqala kunye nendlela yokuchonga

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Amanqanaba omhlaza womqala
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Izizathu eziphambili zomhlaza womqala

Umhlaza womqala ubhekisa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwethumba elivelayo kwingqula, pharynx, tonsils okanye nayiphi na indawo yomqala. Nangona kunqabile, olu luhlobo lomhlaza olunokuthi lukhule nakweyiphi na iminyaka, ngakumbi kubantu abangaphezu kwama-50, amadoda, abantu abatshayayo okanye abasebenzisa iziyobisi ngokugqithisileyo.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza womqala:

• Umhlaza wengqula: ichaphazela ingqumbo apho kulapho kukho imithambo yezwi. Fumanisa ngakumbi malunga nolu hlobo oluthile lomhlaza;
• Umhlaza pharynx: ibonakala kwi-pharynx, eyityhubhu apho umoya udlula ukusuka empumlweni uye emiphungeni.

Naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza womqala unokukhula ngokukhawuleza, ke ngalo lonke ixesha uziva okanye uqaphele naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga, njengomqala obuhlungu othatha ixesha elide ukudlula, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwilizwi lakho okanye ukuziva rhoqo kwebhola emqaleni wakho, kuya kufuneka qhagamshelana ne-otolaryngologist, ukuchonga isizathu kunye nokuqala unyango olufanelekileyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezingabonisa umdlavuza womqala zibandakanya:

• Umqala obuhlungu okanye indlebe engashiyiyo;
• Ukukhohlela rhoqo, okunokuhamba negazi;
• Kunzima ukuginya okanye ukuphefumla;
• Utshintsho kwilizwi, ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo;
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu;
• Ukudumba okanye ukubonakala kwamaqhuma entanyeni;
• Ingxolo xa uphefumla;
• Irhona.

Ezi mpawu ziyahluka ngokwendawo echatshazelwe lithumba. Ke, ukuba umhlaza ukhula kwingqula, kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintsho kwilizwi luza kuvela, kuba ukuba kubonakala ubunzima ekuphefumlweni kuphela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ngumhlaza kwi-pharynx.

Nangona kunjalo, ekuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kukudibana ne-otorhinolaryngologist ukwenza uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo kunye nokuqala unyango.

Olunye uhlobo lomhlaza olunokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo nomhlaza womqala ngumhlaza wedlala lengqula. Jonga ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezisixhenxe eziphambili zomhlaza wedlala lengqula.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuchongwa komhlaza womqala kunokuqinisekiswa yi-otorhinolaryngologist, ethi ukongeza kuvavanyo lweempawu kunye nembali yeklinikhi yomntu ngamnye, nayo ingenza iimvavanyo ezinje nge-laryngoscopy, ukubona ukuba lukhona na utshintsho kumalungu omqala.

Ukuba utshintsho luchongiwe, ugqirha unokuthatha isampulu yethishu aze ayithumele elebhu ukuqinisekisa ubukho beeseli zomhlaza. Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa yi-MRI, i-CT scan okanye i-X-ray, umzekelo.

Amanqanaba omhlaza womqala

Emva kokwenza uxilongo lomhlaza womqala, ugqirha angahlulahlula ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ngokwenqanaba lophuhliso, apho kumanqanaba okuqala (1 no-2) ithumba lincinci, lifikelela kwezona seli zingenabuntu kwaye lilinganiselwe Umqala kwaye unokunyangwa ngokulula kwaye ususwe ngotyando, ukongeza ekubeni unesifo esingcono. Kwinqanaba le-3 nele-4, ithumba likhulu kwaye alilinganiseli emqaleni, kwaye amanqaku e-metastasis anokubonwa ngokulula. Inqanaba lesi-4 liba qatha, kuba ukusasazeka kwe-foci kuqatshelwe, okwenza ukuba unyango lube nzima kwaye isifo siba mandundu.

Ukuqhubela phambili kwinqanaba lesifo somhlaza, kuya kuba nzima ukunyanga. Kumanqanaba okuqala, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba kwenziwe utyando ukuze kususwe ithumba, lo gama kumanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu, kunokuba yimfuneko ukudibanisa ezinye iintlobo zonyango ezinje nge-chemo okanye unyango ngemitha.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lomhlaza womqala luyehluka ngokwenqanaba lesifo, nangona kunjalo, sihlala siqala ngotyando ukususa iiseli zomhlaza ezininzi kangangoko. Ke, kumanqanaba okuqala esi sifo kunokwenzeka ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunyanga umhlaza kuphela ngotyando, kuba ithumba lincinci ngobukhulu.

Kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bethumba, ugqirha unokususa kuphela indawo encinci yelungu elichaphazelekayo okanye kufuneka alisuse ngokupheleleyo. Ke, abantu abanomhlaza kwingqula, umzekelo, banokuba ne-sequelae emva kotyando, njengokutshintsha kwelizwi, ngenxa yokulahleka kwenxalenye enkulu yelungu apho kufumaneka khona imithambo yezwi.

Kwiimeko eziphambili kakhulu, kuhlala kufanelekile ukudibanisa ezinye iindlela zonyango emva kotyando, ezinje nge-chemo okanye i-radiotherapy, ukuphelisa iiseli ezisele emzimbeni, ngakumbi kwezinye izicwili okanye kwii-lymph node, umzekelo.

Emva kotyando, kuyafuneka ukuba ube nezinye iintlobo zonyango, ezinje ngokuthetha kunye nonyango lomzimba ukunceda umntu ukuba ahlafune aginye, umzekelo.

Izizathu eziphambili zomhlaza womqala

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba nomhlaza womqala sisifo se-HPV, esinokuthi sidluliselwe ngesondo elingakhuselekanga lomlomo. Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho neendlela zokuphila ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wolu hlobo lomhlaza, njenge:

• Ukuba ngumsi;
• Sebenzisa iziselo ezinxilisayo ngokugqithisileyo;
• Yitya ukutya okungenampilo, kunye nesixa esincinci seziqhamo kunye nemifuno kunye nesixa esikhulu sokutya okwenziweyo;
• Usulelo lwentsholongwane ye-HPV;
• Ukuvezwa kwi-asbestos;
• Yiba nococeko olubi lwamazinyo.

Ke, ezinye iindlela zokuphepha ukukhula kolu hlobo lomhlaza kubandakanya ukungatshayi, ukunqanda ukusela iziyobisi rhoqo, ukutya ukutya okusempilweni kunye nokuphepha isondo lomlomo elingakhuselekanga.