Iimpawu ezi-7 eziphezulu zeCancer ye-Thyroid

Umxholo

• Uwuqonda njani umhlaza wedlala lengqula
• Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza wedlala lengqula
• Unganyanga njani umhlaza wedlala lengqula
• Ulandelwa njani emva konyango?
• Ngaba umhlaza wedlala lengqula ungabuya?

Umhlaza wedlala lengqula luhlobo lwesisu esinyangekayo ixesha elininzi xa unyango lwayo luqala kwangoko, ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu ezinokubonisa ukukhula komhlaza, ngakumbi:

1. Isigaxa okanye iqhuma entanyeni, edla ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza;
2. Ukudumba entanyeni ngenxa yokwanda kwamanzi;
3. Ubuhlungu ngaphambili komqala ezinokuphakama ziye ezindlebeni;
4. Ukurhabaxa okanye olunye utshintsho kwilizwi;
5. Kunzima ukuphefumla, ngokungathi kukho into exinge emqaleni;
6. Ukukhohlela rhoqo engahambi nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane;
7. Kunzima ukugwinya okanye ukuziva ngento enamathele emqaleni.

Nangona olu hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphake kakhulu ukusukela kwiminyaka yobudala engama-45, nanini na xa kuvela naziphi na kwezi mpawu, ezona zixhaphakileyo kukuthamba kwesigaqa okanye iqhuma entanyeni, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nogqirha we-endocrinologist okanye ugqirha wentloko okanye wentamo. kuvavanyo lokuchonga isifo, chonga ukuba ngaba kukho ingxaki nge-thyroid kwaye uqalise unyango olufanelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu zinokubonisa ezinye iingxaki ezinje kancinci njenge-gastroesophageal reflux, usulelo lokuphefumla, iingxaki zentambo, kunye ne-cysts ye-thyroid okanye amaqhuqhuva, ahlala enobungozi kwaye engabonisi nayiphi na ingozi kwezempilo, kwaye kufuneka iphandwe, kuba uninzi iimeko, umhlaza wedlala lengqula awubangeli zimpawu.

Jonga kwakhona imiqondiso enokubonisa olunye utshintsho kwi-thyroid: Iimpawu ze-thyroid.

Uwuqonda njani umhlaza wedlala lengqula

Ukufumanisa umhlaza wedlala lengqula kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha wezonyango ukuze abone intamo yomntu ngamnye kwaye achonge utshintsho olufana nokudumba, iintlungu okanye ubukho besigaqa. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela izixa zehomoni i-TSH, T3, T4, thyroglobulin kunye necalcitonin, ethi xa itshintshiwe ibonakalise utshintsho kwidlala lengqula.

Ukongeza, kufuneka wenze i-ultrasound ye-thyroid gland kunye ne-needle aspiration (FNAP) ukuqinisekisa ubungqina beeseli ezinobungozi kwi-gland, egqiba ukuba ngaba ngumhlaza.

Abantu abafunyaniswe benomngcipheko ophantsi womhlaza wedlala lengqula bahlala benamaxabiso aqhelekileyo kuvavanyo lwegazi, yiyo loo nto ke kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy ngalo lonke ixesha ugqirha ebonisa kwaye iphindaphindwe, ukuba oku kubonisa iziphumo ezingachananga, okanye kude kube kuqinisekiswe ukuba yinto enobungozi.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuqiniseka ukuba ngumhlaza wedlala lengqula kwenzeka kuphela emva kotyando lokususa i-nodule eyayithunyelwe kwilabhoratri yohlalutyo.

Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza wedlala lengqula

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza we-thyroid ohluka ngohlobo lweeseli ezichaphazelekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezona zixhaphakileyo zibandakanya:

• Iipapacary carcinoma: lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wedlala lengqula, emele malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 zamatyala, ihlala ikhula kancinci, ibe lolona hlobo lulula ukunyanga;
• I-carcinoma yesifo: luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu lomhlaza wedlala lengqula kunepapillary, kodwa ikwanaso nesifo sokuxela kwangaphambili, esilula ukunyanga;
• I-medullary carcinoma: kunqabile, kuchaphazela kuphela i-3% yamatyala, kuba nzima ngakumbi ukunyanga, kunamathuba amancinci okunyanga;
• I-Anaplastic carcinoma: inqabile kakhulu, ichaphazela malunga ne-1% yamatyala, kodwa inobundlongondlongo kakhulu, phantse ihlala ibulala.

Umhlaza wephepha okanye owomhlaza we-thyroid unomgangatho ophakamileyo wokusinda, nangona unganqumama xa umhlaza ufunyaniswe kwinqanaba eliphambili kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba kukho imastastases ethe saa emzimbeni wonke. Ke, ukongeza ekwazini ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwethumba umntu analo, kufuneka balazi inqanaba lalo nokuba kukho imastastases okanye akunjalo, kuba oku kumisela ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele imeko nganye.

Unganyanga njani umhlaza wedlala lengqula

Unyango lomhlaza wedlala lengqula luxhomekeke kubungakanani besisu kwaye iindlela eziphambili zonyango zibandakanya utyando, unyango lwe-iodotherapy kunye nonyango lwehomoni. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, i-chemotherapy kunye neyeza zonyango zingabonakaliswa, kodwa zonke iintlobo zonyango zihlala ziboniswa yi-endocrinologist okanye ugqirha wentloko nentamo.

• Utyando: eyaziwa ngokuba yi-thyroidectomy, ibandakanya ukususa i-gland yonke, ukongeza ukukhupha intamo, ukususa i-ganglia entanyeni enokuchaphazeleka. Fumanisa ukuba olu tyando lwenziwa njani: Utyando lwe-thyroid.
• Ukutshintshwa kwehormone: Okulandelayo, amayeza kufuneka athathwe endaweni yamahomoni aveliswe yidlala lengqula, ebomini, yonke imihla, kwisisu esingenanto. Yazi ukuba anokuba yintoni na la mayeza;
• Chemo okanye iRadiotherapy: Zingabonakaliswa kwimeko yethumba elihambele phambili;
• Thatha iodine ene-radioactive: Malunga nenyanga e-1 emva kokususwa kwe-thyroid, inyathelo lesibini lonyango, elithatha iodine ene-radioactive, kufuneka liqaliswe, elisebenza ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo zonke iiseli ze-thyroid kwaye, ngenxa yoko, yonke imizila yesisu. Funda konke malunga ne-iodotherapy.

Bukela le vidiyo ilandelayo kwaye ufunde ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokutya onokuyisebenzisa ukwenza olu nyango:

I-Chemotherapy kunye ne-radiotherapy ziphantse zingacetyiswa kwimeko yomhlaza we-thyroid kuba olu hlobo lwethumba aluphenduli kakuhle kolu nyango.

Ulandelwa njani emva konyango?

Emva konyango lokususa ithumba le-thyroid, kufuneka kwenziwe iimvavanyo zokuvavanya ukuba ngaba unyango luzisusile ngokupheleleyo iiseli ezinobungozi kwaye nokuba ukutshintshwa kwehomoni kwanele kwiimfuno zomntu.

Iimviwo ezifunekayo zibandakanya:

• I-Scintigraphy okanye i-PCI-uphando olupheleleyo lomzimba: luvavanyo apho umntu ethatha iyeza emva koko angene kwisixhobo esivelisa imifanekiso yomzimba uphela, ukuze ufumane iiseli zethumba okanye imastastase emzimbeni wonke. Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa, ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6, emva kwonyango. Ukuba iiseli ezinobungozi okanye i-metastases zifunyenwe, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuthatha ipilisi entsha ye-iodine e-radioactive ukuphelisa nayiphi na into ebangelwa ngumhlaza, kodwa i-dose enye ye-iodotherapy idla ngokwaneleyo.
• Intamo ye-ultrasound: Ingabonisa ukuba ngaba kukho utshintsho entanyeni nasendaweni yesibeleko;
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-TSH kunye ne-thyroglobulin level, Zonke iinyanga ezi-3, 6 okanye ezili-12, injongo kukuba amaxabiso akho abe <0.4mU / L.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha ubuza kuphela isikeni esinye okanye esi-2 somzimba wonke emva koko kulandelwe kuphela nge-ultrasound yentamo kunye novavanyo lwegazi. Kuxhomekeke kubudala, uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lethumba, kunye nemeko yempilo umntu anayo, olu vavanyo lunokuphindwa amaxesha ngamaxesha isithuba seminyaka eli-10, okanye nangaphezulu, ngokokubona kukagqirha.

Ngaba umhlaza wedlala lengqula ungabuya?

Akunakulindeleka ukuba ithumba elifunyenwe kwangethuba liya kuba nakho ukusasazeka emzimbeni, kunye ne-metastases, kodwa eyona ndlela yokufumanisa ukuba ngaba kukho iiseli ezinobungozi emzimbeni kukwenza uvavanyo olucelwa ngugqirha, ngakumbi ii-ultrasound kunye ne-scintigraphy, kwaye uthathe unonophelo ngokungathi utya ukutya okunesondlo, wenze umthambo rhoqo kwaye ube nemikhwa elungileyo yokuphila.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ithumba linobundlongondlongo okanye ukuba lifunyenwe kwinqanaba eliphambili, kunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaza ubonakale kwamanye amalungu omzimba, kunye ne-metastases ihlala rhoqo emathanjeni okanye emiphungeni, umzekelo.