Isifo seengubo

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu?
• Amanqanaba esi sifo
• Inqanaba 1
• Inqanaba 2
• Inqanaba 3
• Inqanaba 4
• Inqanaba 5
• Ngubani ofumana isifo seengubo?
• Kufunyaniswa njani?
• Inyangwa njani?
• Utyando lweLaser (photocoagulation)
• Utyando
• Inaliti ye-intravitreal
• IVitrectomy
• Ukugoba kwescleral
• Imbonakalo kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho

Yintoni isifo seengubo?

Isifo seengubo kukuphazamiseka kwamehlo okungaqhelekanga kubandakanya ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwemithambo yegazi kwi-retina. Ime ngasemva kweliso, iretina ithumela imifanekiso ekhanyayo kwingqondo kwaye ibalulekile ekuboneni.

Kubantu abanesifo seengubo, ii-capillaries ze-retinal ziyavuleka kwaye zivule ulwelo emva kweliso. Njengoko ulwelo lusanda, iretina iqala ukudumba. Oku kunokubangela ukwahlulwa kwenxalenye yeretina, okukhokelela ekwehliseni umbono okanye ubumfama kwiliso elichaphazelekayo.

Uninzi lwexesha, esi sifo sichaphazela iliso elinye kuphela. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufunyaniswa ebuntwaneni. Isizathu ngqo asaziwa, kodwa ungenelelo lwakwangoko lunokunceda ukugcina umbono wakho.

Zithini iimpawu?

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zihlala ziqala ebuntwaneni. Banokuba nobulali ekuqaleni, kodwa abanye abantu baneempawu eziqatha kwangoko. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zibandakanya:

• Umphumo wamehlo amthubi (afana neliso elibomvu) elinokubonwa kwimifanekiso yokukhanya
• strabismus, okanye amehlo awele
• leukocoria, ubunzima obumhlophe emva kwelensi yamehlo
• ukuphulukana nokuqonda okunzulu
• ukonakala kombono

Iimpawu kamva zinokubandakanya:

• umbala obomvu ngombala we-iris
• uveitis, okanye ukudumba kwamehlo
• I-retina detachment
• iglaucoma
• ngamehlo
• Ukubetha kwamehlo

Iimpawu zihlala zenzeka kwiliso elinye kuphela, nangona zinokuchaphazela zombini.

Amanqanaba esi sifo

Isifo seengubo yimeko eqhubekayo eyahlulahlulwe yangamanqanaba amahlanu.

Inqanaba 1

Kwisigaba sokuqala seengubo, ugqirha uyabona ukuba unemithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga, kodwa khange aqalise ukuvuza okwangoku.

Inqanaba 2

Imithambo yegazi sele iqalile ukuvuza ulwelo kwi-retina. Ukuba ukuvuza kuncinci, usenokuba nombono oqhelekileyo. Ngokuvuza okukhulu, usenokuba sele uhlangabezana nelahleko enkulu yombono. Umngcipheko we-retina detachment ukhula njengoko ulwelo landa.

Inqanaba 3

I-retina yakho inokwahlulwahlulwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokupheleleyo.

Inqanaba 4

Uphuhlise uxinzelelo olwandayo kwiliso, ekuthiwa yi-glaucoma.

Inqanaba 5

Kwisifo seengubo eziphambili, ulahlekelwe ngokupheleleyo ngumbono kwiliso elichaphazelekayo. Unokuba uphinde wavelisa i-cataract (i-lens yefu) okanye i-phthisis bulbi (i-atrophy ye-eyeball).

Ngubani ofumana isifo seengubo?

Nabani na onokufumana isifo seengubo, kodwa kunqabile. Bambalwa abantu abangama-200,000 eUnited States abanayo. Ichaphazela abesilisa ngaphezulu kwabafazi ngomlinganiso we-3-to-1.

Umyinge weminyaka yobudala ekuchongeni isifo yi-8 ukuya kwi-16 leminyaka. Phakathi kwabantwana abanezifo zeengubo, malunga neyesibini kwisithathu babe neempawu nge-10 yobudala. Malunga nesinye kwisithathu sabantu abanesifo seengubo banama-30 okanye ngaphezulu xa iimpawu ziqala.

Ayibonakali njengelifa okanye ayinalo ikhonkco kubuhlanga okanye kubuhlanga. Isizathu esithe ngqo sesifo seengubo asichongwanga.

Kufunyaniswa njani?

Ukuba wena (okanye umntwana wakho) unempawu zesifo seengubo, jonga ugqirha wakho kwangoko. Ungenelelo lwakwangoko lunokugcina umbono wakho. Kwakhona, iimpawu zinokulinganisa ezinye iimeko, ezinje nge-retinoblastoma, enokubusongela ubomi.

Ukuchongwa kwesifo kwenziwa emva koviwo lwe-ophthalmic, kunye nokuphononongwa kweempawu kunye nembali yezempilo. Uvavanyo lokuchonga lunokubandakanya iimvavanyo zokucinga ezinje:

• i-retinal fluorescein angiography
• nditsho
• Ukuskena i-CT

Inyangwa njani?

Isifo seengubo siqhubeka. Ngonyango lwakwangoko, kunokwenzeka ukubuyisela umbono othile. Olunye ukhetho lonyango lulandelayo:

Utyando lweLaser (photocoagulation)

Le nkqubo isebenzisa i-laser ukunciphisa okanye ukutshabalalisa imithambo yegazi. Ugqirha wakho unokwenza olu tyando kwiziko lokunyanga ngaphandle okanye kwindawo yeofisi.

Utyando

Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo kunceda ukukhokela isixhobo esifana nenaliti (cryoprobe) esivelisa ukubanda kakhulu. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza isiva esijikeleze imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga, enceda ukuyeka ukuvuza okungaphezulu. Nantsi indlela yokulungiselela kunye nento onokuyilindela ngexesha lokuchacha.

Inaliti ye-intravitreal

Ngaphantsi kwe-anesthetic yendawo, ugqirha wakho unokufaka i-corticosteroids kwiso lakho ukukunceda ukulawula ukuvuvukala. Inaliti yokuphelisa i-anti-vascular endothelial factor (anti-VEGF) inokunciphisa ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokunciphisa ukudumba. Inaliti zinokunikezelwa kwiofisi kagqirha wakho.

IVitrectomy

Le yinkqubo yotyando esusa i-vitreous gel kwaye ibonelela ngokufikelela okuphuculweyo kwi-retina. Funda ngakumbi malunga nenkqubo ukuba wenze ntoni ngelixa uchacha.

Ukugoba kwescleral

Le nkqubo iphinda ifake i-retina kwaye ihlala isenziwa kwigumbi lokusebenza esibhedlele.

Naluphi na unyango onalo, uya kufuna ukubeka iliso ngononophelo.

Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lesifo seengubo, i-atrophy ye-eyeball ingakhokelela ekususweni kotyando lweliso elichaphazelekayo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yinyukliya.

Imbonakalo kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho

Akukho lunyango lwezifo zeeNgubo, kodwa unyango lwakwangoko lunokuphucula amathuba akho okugcina ukubona kwakho.

Uninzi lwabantu lusabela kakuhle kunyango. Kodwa malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 zabantu bafumana inkqubela phambili ekhokelela ekususweni kweliso.

Umbono wahlukile kuye wonke umntu, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuchongwa, inqanaba lokuqhubela phambili, kunye nokuphendula kunyango.

Ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya imeko yakho kwaye akunike umbono wento onokuyilindela.