Umbhali: Randy Alexander
Umhla Wokudalwa: 23 Utshazimpuzi 2021
Hlaziya Umhla: 9 Eyokwindla 2025
Anonim
11 Izibonelelo zezeMpilo kunye nezondlo zePowcoa Powder - Isondlo
11 Izibonelelo zezeMpilo kunye nezondlo zePowcoa Powder - Isondlo

Umxholo

I-cocoa icingelwa ukuba yayiqale isetyenziswe yimpucuko yamaMaya akuMbindi Merika.

Yaziswa eYurophu ngaboyisi baseSpain ngenkulungwane ye-16 kwaye ngokukhawuleza yathandwa njengeyeza elikhuthaza impilo.

I-cocoa powder yenziwa ngokutyumza iimbotyi zecocoa kunye nokususa amanqatha okanye ibhotolo yekoko.

Namhlanje, icocoa idume kakhulu ngendima yayo kwimveliso yetshokholethi. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwale mihla luveze ukuba inezinto ezibalulekileyo ezinokunceda impilo yakho.

Nazi izibonelelo ezili-11 zempilo kunye nesondlo secocoa powder.

1. Sisityebi kwiiPolyphenols ezibonelela ngeZibonelelo zeMpilo ezininzi

Iipolyphenols zenzeka ngokwendalo ii-antioxidants ezifumaneka kukutya okufana neziqhamo, imifuno, iti, itshokholethi kunye newayini.

Banxulunyaniswe nezibonelelo ezininzi zempilo, kubandakanya ukuncipha kokudumba, ukuhamba kwegazi okungcono, uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi kunye nokuphucula i-cholesterol kunye namanqanaba eswekile yegazi ().


I-cocoa yenye yezona ndawo zityebileyo zepolyphenols. Ininzi ngokukodwa kwiiflavanol, ezinamandla okulwa ne-antioxidant kunye ne-anti-inflammatory.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubekeka kunye nokufudumeza i-cocoa kunokubangela ukuba ilahle iipropathi zayo eziluncedo. Ihlala iphathwa nge-alkaline ukunciphisa ubukrakra, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwe-60% kumxholo we-flavanol ().

Ke ngelixa i-cocoa ingumthombo omkhulu we-polyphenols, ayizizo zonke iimveliso eziqukethe icocoa eziza kubonelela ngezibonelelo ezifanayo.

Isishwankathelo I-cocoa ityebile kwi-polyphenols, enezibonelelo ezibonakalayo kwezempilo, kubandakanya ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokuphucula amanqanaba e-cholesterol. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubekeka icocoa ibe yitshokholethi okanye ezinye iimveliso kunokunciphisa kakhulu umxholo wepolphenol.

2. Ngamana unokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngokuphucula amanqanaba e-nitric oxide

I-cocoa, zombini kwifom yempuphu kunye nakwimo yetshokholethi emnyama, inokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwegazi ().

Esi siphumo saqatshelwa okokuqala kwisiqithi esiphuza i-cocoa sabantu be-Central America, ababenexinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi kakhulu kunesalamane sabo esingaselwanga icocoa kwilizwekazi ().


Iiflavanol kwi-cocoa kucingelwa ukuba ziphucula amanqanaba e-nitric oxide egazini, enokuphucula ukusebenza kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi (,).

Olunye uphononongo luhlalutye iimvavanyo ezingama-35 ezibonelela abaguli ngee-ounces eziyi-0.05-3.7 (1.4-105 gram) zeemveliso zecocoa, okanye malunga ne-30-1,218 mg ye-flavanols. Kufumanise ukuba icocoa ivelise ukunciphisa okuncinci kodwa okubalulekileyo kwe-2 mmHg kuxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukongeza, isiphumo sasisikhulu kubantu esele benalo uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunabo bengenayo kwaye nakubantu abadala xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abancinci ().

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ukuqhubekeka kunciphisa kakhulu inani lee-flavanols, ngenxa yoko iziphumo ezinokubakho azizukubonwa kwi-bar ye-chocolate ye-avareji.

Isishwankathelo Izifundo zibonisa ukuba i-cocoa ityebile kwi-flavanols, eyehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokuphucula amanqanaba e-nitric oxide kunye nokusebenza kwenqanawa yegazi. I-cocoa equkethe phakathi kwe-30-1,218 mg ye-flavanols inokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi nge-avareji ye-2 mmHg.

3. Ngamana ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo

Ukongeza ekwehliseni uxinzelelo lwegazi, kubonakala ngathi icocoa inezinye iipropathi ezinokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha (,,).


I-cocoa etyebileyo ye-Flavanol iphucula inqanaba le-nitric oxide egazini lakho, ebuyisa umzimba kwaye iyenze nkulu imithambo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi (,).

Ngaphezu koko, i-cocoa ifunyenwe ukunciphisa i-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL, ibe nefuthe lokunciphisa igazi elifana ne-aspirin, ukuphucula iishukela zegazi kunye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala (,,).

Ezi ndawo zidityaniswe nomngcipheko osezantsi wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, ukusilela kwentliziyo kunye nokubetha (,,,).

Uphengululo lwezifundo ezisithoba kubantu abali-157,809 bafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwetyhokolethi ephezulu kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu wesifo sentliziyo, ukubetha nokufa ().

Izifundo ezibini zaseSweden zafumanisa ukuba ukutya itshokholethi kunxulunyaniswe nezinga eliphantsi lokusilela kwentliziyo ngeedosi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.7-1.1 iununci (19-30 yeegram) yetshokholethi ngosuku, kodwa isiphumo asibonwanga xa sisebenzisa imali ephezulu ( ,).

Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwesixa esincinci setshokholethi esityebileyo i-cocoa kunokuba nezibonelelo zokukhusela intliziyo yakho.

Isishwankathelo I-cocoa inokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nokunciphisa i-cholesterol. Ukutya ukuya kwitshokholethi enye ngosuku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, ukusilela kwentliziyo kunye nokubetha.

4. Iipolyphenols Phucula ukuhamba kwegazi kwiBongo lakho kunye nokuSebenza kweBongo

Izifundo ezininzi ziye zafumanisa ukuba ii-polyphenols, ezinje ngecocoa, zinokunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo ze-neurodeergenerative ngokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokuhamba kwegazi.

Iiflavanols zinokuwela isithintelo segazi nengqondo kwaye ziyabandakanyeka kwiindlela zebhayoloji ezivelisa ii-neurons kunye neemolekyuli ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yakho.

Ukongeza, ii-flavanols zichaphazela imveliso ye-nitric oxide, ebuyisa izihlunu zemithambo yegazi yakho, ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nokunikezelwa kwegazi kwingqondo yakho (,).

Isifundo seeveki ezimbini kubantu abadala abangama-34 abanikwe icocoa ephezulu ye-flavanol bafumanisa ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwingqondo kunyuke nge-8% emva kweveki enye kunye ne-10% emva kweeveki ezimbini ().

Izifundo ezongezelelekileyo zibonisa ukuba ukutya yonke imihla i-cocoa flavanols kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo kubantu abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (,,).

Olu phononongo lubonisa indima elungileyo yecocoa kwimpilo yobuchopho kunye neziphumo ezinokubakho kwizifo ze-neurodegenerative ezinje nge-Alzheimer's kunye neParkinson. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.

Isishwankathelo I-Flavanols kwi-cocoa inokuxhasa ukuveliswa kwe-neuron, ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nokunikezela kwizihlunu zobuchopho. Banokuba nenxaxheba ekuthinteleni ukonakala kwengqondo okunxulumene nobudala, njengesifo se-Alzheimer's, kodwa uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.

5. Ngamana angaluphucula uvakalelo kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo

Ukongeza kwimpembelelo entle yecocoa ekuguqulweni kwengqondo okunxulumene nobudala, ifuthe layo kwingqondo linokuphucula imeko kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo ().

Iziphumo ezincomekayo kwiimvakalelo zinokubangelwa zii-cocoa flavanols, ukuguqulwa kwe-tryptophan kwi-serotonin yendalo ye-serotonin, umxholo wayo wecaffeine okanye ulonwabo lwengqondo lokutya itshokholethi (,,).

Olunye uphononongo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwetshokholethi kunye noxinzelelo kumanina akhulelweyo afumanise ukuba ukutya rhoqo itshokholethi kunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo kunye nokuphucula imeko yeentsana ().

Ngaphaya koko, olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ukusela i-cocoa ephezulu ye-polyphenol kuphucule ukuzola kunye nokwoneliseka ().

Ukongeza, uphononongo kumadoda aphezulu lubonise ukuba ukutya itshokholethi kunxulunyaniswa nokuphucula impilo iyonke kunye nokuba sempilweni kwengqondo ().

Ngelixa iziphumo zezi zifundo zokuqala zithembisa, uphando oluthe kratya malunga nefuthe lecocoa kwimeko yoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo luyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe izigqibo ezithile.

Isishwankathelo I-cocoa inokuba nefuthe elihle kwiimvakalelo kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo ngokunciphisa amanqanaba oxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukuzola, ukwaneliseka kunye nokuba sempilweni kwengqondo ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.

6. I-Flavanols isenokuPhucula iiMpawu zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile

Nangona ukusebenzisa kakhulu itshokholethi ngokuqinisekileyo akulunganga kulawulo lweswekile esegazini, icocoa, enyanisweni, ineziphumo ezichasene neswekile.

Uphononongo lweetyhubhu zovavanyo lubonisa ukuba i-cocoa flavanols inokucothisa ukwetyisa kwe-carbohydrate kunye nokufakwa emathunjini, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwe-insulin, ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokukhuthaza ukufunwa kweswekile egazini iye kwimisipha ().

Olunye uphononongo lubonakalisile ukuba ukutya okuphezulu kwee-flavanols, kubandakanya nezo zivela kwi-cocoa, kunokubangela umngcipheko ophantsi wohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile (,).

Ukongeza, uphononongo lwezifundo zabantu lubonise ukuba ukutya itshokholethi emnyama etyebileyo okanye icocoa kunganciphisa ubuntununtunu be-insulin, kuphuculwe ulawulo lweswekile yegazi kunye nokunciphisa ukudumba kubantu abaneswekile kunye nabantu abangenaswekile ().

Ngaphandle kwezi ziphumo zithembisayo, kukho ukungangqinelani kuphando kunye nolunye uphononongo olufumana kuphela isiphumo esilinganiselweyo, ulawulo olubi kakhulu lwesifo seswekile okanye akukho mpembelelo kwaphela (,,).

Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziphumo zidityaniswe neziphumo ezintle zekhonkrithi kwimpilo yentliziyo zibonisa ukuba iicocoa polyphenols inokuba nefuthe elihle kuthintelo nasekulawuleni isifo seswekile, nangona uphando oluninzi luyafuneka.

Isishwankathelo I-cocoa kunye ne-chocolate emnyama inokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sikashukela kunye nokugcina amanqanaba eswekile esempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iziphumo ezingqubanayo kubungqina benzululwazi, ke uphando oluninzi luyafuneka.

7. Ngamana anganceda uLawulo loBunzima kwiindlela ezininzi ezimangalisayo

Ngandlel 'ithile ngokudidayo, ukutya i-cocoa, nokuba ikwitshokholethi, kunokukunceda ukulawula ubunzima bakho.

Kucingelwa ukuba i-cocoa inokunceda ngokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukutya kunye nokudumba kunye nokwandisa i-oxidation ye-fat kunye neemvakalelo zokugcwala (,).

Uphononongo lwabemi lufumanise ukuba abantu abayitya rhoqo iitshokholethi bane-BMI esezantsi kunabantu abayityayo rhoqo, ngaphandle kweqela langaphambili lalisitya ii-calories ezininzi kunye namafutha ().

Ukongeza, isifundo sokulahleka kwesisindo kusetyenziswa izidlo ezisezantsi-iikhabhohayidrethi ifumene ukuba iqela elinikwe iigram ezingama-42 okanye malunga nee-ounces eziyi-1.5 ze-81% yetshokholethi yecocoa ngemini ilahleko lomzimba ngokukhawuleza kuneqela lokutya eliqhelekileyo (29).

Nangona kunjalo, olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwetshokholethi kwandisa ubunzima. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwazo alwahluli phakathi kohlobo lwetshokholethi etyiwayo - emhlophe kunye nobisi itshokholethi ayinazibonelelo zifanayo nobumnyama (,).

Ngokubanzi, kuyabonakala ukuba iimveliso zecocoa kunye necocoa ezinokuba luncedo ekufezekiseni ukulahleka kwesisindo okanye ukugcina ubunzima, kodwa izifundo ezizezinye ziyafuneka.

Isishwankathelo Imveliso yeCocoa inxulunyaniswa nobunzima obusezantsi, kwaye ukongezwa kwecocoa ekutyeni kunokunceda ukufezekisa ukuthoba umzimba ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka kwesi sihloko ukumisela ukuba loluphi uhlobo kwaye ingakanani icocoa efanelekileyo.

8. Ngamana Unokuba Neempawu Zokukhusela Umhlaza

I-Flavanols kwiziqhamo, imifuno kunye nokunye ukutya kuye kwatsala umdla omkhulu ngenxa yeempawu zabo zokukhusela umhlaza, ubuthi obuncinci kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa.

I-cocoa ineyona ndidi iphakamileyo yeeflavanol kuzo zonke ukutya ngokobunzima kwaye inokuba negalelo elibonakalayo kwisixa sayo kwisidlo sakho ().

Uvavanyo lweetyhubhu zovavanyo kumacandelo e-cocoa lufumanise ukuba baneziphumo ze-antioxidant, zikhusela iiseli ngokuchasene nomonakalo ovela kwiimolekyuli ezisebenzayo, ukulwa nokudumba, ukuthintela ukukhula kweseli, ukukhuthaza ukubulawa ngumhlaza weseli kunye nokunceda ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweeseli zomhlaza (,).

Izifundo zezilwanyana zisebenzisa ukutya okune-cocoa-rich okanye i-cocoa extracts zibone iziphumo ezilungileyo ekunciphiseni ibele, i-pancreatic, i-Prostate, isibindi kunye nomhlaza wekolon, kunye ne-leukemia ().

Izifundo ebantwini zibonise ukuba ukutya okunotye i-flavanol kunxulunyaniswa nokwehla komngcipheko womhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ubungqina becocoa ngokuthe ngqo buyaphikisana, njengoko ezinye izilingo zingafumananga sibonelelo kwaye abanye baye babona umngcipheko okhulayo (, 35,).

Izifundo ezincinci zabantu kwi-cocoa kunye nomhlaza zicebisa ukuba inokuba yi-antioxidant enamandla kwaye inokudlala indima kuthintelo lomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluninzi luyafuneka ().

Isishwankathelo I-flavanols kwi-cocoa ibonakalisiwe ukuba ithembisa iipropathi ezichasene nomhlaza kwi-tube-test nakwizifundo zezilwanyana, kodwa idatha evela kwizilingo zabantu iyasilela.

9. Iziqulatho zeTheobromine neTheophylline zinokunceda abantu abanesifo sombefu

Isifo sombefu sisifo esinganyangekiyo esidumbayo esibangela ukuphazamiseka kunye nokudumba kwomoya kwaye sinokubusongela ubomi (,).

Kucingelwa ukuba i-cocoa inokuba luncedo kubantu abane-asthma, njengoko ine-anti-asthmatic compounds, efana ne-theobromine kunye ne-theophylline.

I-Theobromine iyafana ne-caffeine kwaye inokunceda ngokukhohlela okungapheliyo. I-cocoa powder iqulethe malunga ne-1.9 gram yale khompawundi kwi-100 grams okanye kwi-3.75 i-ounces (,,).

I-Theophylline inceda imiphunga yakho ukuba ivuleke, umoya wakho uphumle kwaye unciphise ukudumba ().

Izifundo zezilwanyana zibonise ukuba isicatshulwa secocoa sinokunciphisa ukubambeka komoya kunye nokuqina kwethishu ().

Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziphumo azikavavanywa ngokwezonyango ebantwini, kwaye akucaci ukuba i-cocoa ikhuselekile ukusebenzisa namanye amachiza asthmatic.

Ke ngoko, nangona le yindawo enomdla yokuphuhlisa, kusekutsha kakhulu ukuthetha ukuba icocoa ingasetyenziselwa njani ukunyanga isifuba.

Isishwankathelo Ukukhutshwa kweCocoa kubonise ezinye iipropathi ezichasene nesifuba kwizifundo zezilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, izilingo zomntu ziyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba kucetyiswe njengonyango.

10. Iimpawu ze-Antibacterial kunye ne-Immune-Stimit Properties zinganceda amazinyo akho nolusu

Izifundo ezininzi ziye zavavanya ukhuseleko lwecocoa ngokuchasene nezifo zamazinyo kunye nesifo seentsini.

I-cocoa iqulethe izinto ezininzi ezine-antibacterial, anti-enzymatic kunye nepropathi yokuvuselela amajoni anokuba negalelo kwiziphumo zempilo yomlomo.

Kwisifundo esinye, iigundane ezosulelwe ziibhakteria zomlomo ezazinikwe isicatshulwa secocoa zanciphisa kakhulu ukubola kwamazinyo, xa kuthelekiswa nezo zinikwe amanzi kuphela ().

Nangona kunjalo, akukho zifundo zibalulekileyo ebantwini, kwaye uninzi lweemveliso zecocoa ezisetyenziswa ngabantu zikwaneswekile. Ngenxa yoko, iimveliso ezintsha ziya kufuna ukuphuhliswa ukuze zifumane izibonelelo zempilo yomlomo wecocoa.

Nangona uluvo oludumileyo, i-cocoa kwitshokholethi ayingonobangela wamabala. Ngapha koko, i-cocoa polyphenols ifunyenwe ibonelela ngezibonelelo ezibonakalayo kulusu lwakho ().

Ukungenisa i-cocoa ixesha elide kubonisiwe ukuba negalelo kukhuselo lwelanga, ukujikeleza kwegazi lolusu kunye nokuphucula ubume bomphezulu kunye nokuhambisa isikhumba sakho (,. 43).

Isishwankathelo I-cocoa inokukhuthaza amazinyo asempilweni ngokulwa neebhaktiriya ezibangela imingxunya, nangona oku kungasebenzi kwiimveliso eziqulathe iswekile. Ikwakhuthaza ulusu olusempilweni ngokulikhusela elangeni kunye nokuphucula ukujikeleza, umphezulu wolusu kunye ne-hydration.

11. Kulula ukubandakanya kwisidlo sakho

Inani elithe ngqo lecocoa ekufuneka ulibandakanye kwisidlo sakho ukufezekisa izibonelelo zempilo alicaci.

Igunya loKhuseleko loKutya laseYurophu licebisa nge-ounces eziyi-0,5 (i-2.5 gram) ye-flavanol cocoa powder okanye i-0.4 iigram (10 gram) yetshokholethi emnyama emnyama ene-200 mg yeeflavanol ngemini ukufezekisa izibonelelo zempilo yentliziyo (44).

Nangona kunjalo, eli nani lithathwa njengeliphantsi kakhulu ngabanye abaphandi, abathi amabango aphezulu eeflavanol ayacelwa ukuba abone izibonelelo (,).

Ngokubanzi, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe imithombo yecocoa enomxholo ophezulu we-flavanol - okucutshungulweyo okungcono, kungcono.

Iindlela zokuzonwabisa zokongeza i-cocoa kukutya kwakho kubandakanya:

  • Yitya itshokholethi emnyama: Qinisekisa ukuba ikumgangatho olungileyo kwaye iqulethe ubuncinci i-cocoa engama-70%. Jonga esi sikhokelo ekukhetheni iitshokholethi emnyama emnyama ekumgangatho ophezulu.
  • Ishushu / icocoa ebandayo: Hlanganisa i-cocoa kunye nobisi oluthandayo okanye ubisi lwe-nondairy kwi-milkshake yetshokholethi.
  • Smoothies: I-cocoa ingongezwa kwiresiphi yakho oyithandayo esempilweni ukuyinika incasa etyebileyo, yetshokholethi.
  • Iipuphu: Unokongeza i-cocoa powder eluhlaza (hayi eyase-Dutch) kwiipudding ezenziwe ekhaya njenge-chia breakfast puddings okanye irayisi pudding.
  • I-Vegan chocolate mousse: Inkqubo ye-avocado, i-cocoa, ubisi lwe-almond kunye ne-sweetener efana nemihla ye-vegan chocolate mousse.
  • Nciphisa iziqhamo: I-cocoa intle ifafazwe ngaphezulu kweebhanana okanye amaqunube.
  • Imivalo yeGranola: Yongeza i-cocoa kumxube wakho wegranola oyithandayo ukuze unyuse izibonelelo zempilo kwaye utyebise incasa.
Isishwankathelo Kwimpilo yentliziyo, zibandakanya ii-ounces eziyi-0.1 (2.5 grams) ye-flavanol cocoa powder okanye i-0.4 ounces (10 gram) yetshokholethi ephezulu ye-flavanol ekudleni kwakho. Ukongeza i-cocoa kunokunika incasa yetshokholethi emnandi kwizitya zakho.

Umgca osezantsi

I-cocoa ibambe umhlaba ngamawakawaka eminyaka kwaye iyinxalenye enkulu yokutya okwangoku ngendlela yetshokholethi.

Izibonelelo zezempilo zecocoa zibandakanya ukwehla kokudumba, ukuphucuka kwentliziyo kunye nengqondo, iswekile yegazi kunye nolawulo lobunzima kunye namazinyo asempilweni kunye nesikhumba.

Isondlo kwaye kulula ukongeza kwisidlo sakho ngeendlela zokuyila. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukusebenzisa i-cocoa powder okanye i-chocolate emnyama engenayo i-cocoa engaphezulu kwama-70% ukuba ufuna ukwandisa izibonelelo zezempilo.

Khumbula ukuba itshokholethi iqulethe izixa ezikhulu zeswekile kunye namafutha, ke ukuba uza kuyisebenzisa, bambelela kubungakanani besahlulo esifanelekileyo kwaye udibanise nokutya okusempilweni okunempilo.

Inomdla Namhlanje

Ngaba Ungamfundisa Umntwana Wakho Encinane Ukufunda?

Ngaba Ungamfundisa Umntwana Wakho Encinane Ukufunda?

ibandakanya iimveli o e icinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, inokufumana ikhomi hini encinci. Nant i inkqubo yethu.Ukuphakami a incwadana encinci? Ukufunda l...
Uxinzelelo emva koSondo kuqhelekile - Nantsi indlela yokujongana nayo

Uxinzelelo emva koSondo kuqhelekile - Nantsi indlela yokujongana nayo

Ukwabelana nge ondo kufanele kuku hiye uzive waneli ekile- kodwa ukuba ukhe waziva ubuhlungu emva koko, awuwedwa. Lea Li , MD, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo ogxile kwezokwabelana nge ondo noqheli o e outha...