Ngaba ubuGcisa boKuqonda buyazichaphazela izigqibo zakho?

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-bias yolwazi?
• Zeziphi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zokukhetha ukuqonda?
• Ukuthathela ingqalelo ugqirha
• Ukukhetha ukukhetha
• Umkhethe
• Ukufumaneka kwe-heuristic
• Ukunyanzelwa kwesiqinisekiso
• Isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger
• Impembelelo yokuvumelana okungamanga
• Ukusebenza okuzinzileyo
• Isiphumo seHalo
• Isiphumo esingalunganga
• Ukukhetha okuhle
• Ukukhetha ukuzenzela
• Ukuchaphazeleka kwengqondo kukuchaphazela njani?
• Ngaba unokuyiphepha inkcubeko?
• Umgca wezantsi

Kuya kufuneka uthathe isigqibo esingakhethi cala, esinengqiqo malunga nento ebalulekileyo. Uyalwenza uphando lwakho, wenze uluhlu lwezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, udibane neengcali kunye nabahlobo abathembekileyo. Xa ilixesha lokuthatha isigqibo, ngaba isigqibo sakho siya kuba nenjongo?

Mhlawumbi akunjalo.

Kungenxa yokuba uhlalutya ulwazi usebenzisa umatshini wokuqonda ontsonkothileyo oye waqhubekeka amava akho obomi. Ngaphezulu kwekhosi yobomi bakho, njengaye wonke umntu okwiplanethi, uphuhlise ubuqili obuncinci bokuqonda. Olo calulo luchaphazela loluphi ulwazi onika ingqalelo kulo, into oyikhumbulayo malunga nezigqibo zexesha elidlulileyo, kunye nokuba yeyiphi imithombo ogqiba ukuyithemba njengoko usenza uphando kukhetho lwakho.

Yintoni i-bias yolwazi?

Ukukhetha ukuqonda sisiphene kwindlela oqiqa ngayo ekhokelela ekutolikeni ulwazi ngendlela engeyiyo kwihlabathi elikungqongileyo kwaye ufikelele kwisigqibo esingalunganga. Kuba ukhukhuliswa lulwazi oluvela kwizigidi zemithombo yonke imini, ingqondo yakho ikhula ngeendlela zokuthatha isigqibo sokuba loluphi ulwazi olufuna ingqalelo kwaye loluphi ulwazi olubalulekileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba lukugcine kwimemori. Ikwadala iindlela ezimfutshane ezicwangciselwe ukunciphisa ixesha elithathayo ukwenza ulwazi. Ingxaki kukuba iindlela ezimfutshane kunye neesistim zokubeka azisoloko zineenjongo ezifanelekileyo kuba uyilo lwazo lulungelelaniswe ngokukodwa namava akho obomi.

Zeziphi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zokukhetha ukuqonda?

Abaphandi benze ikhathalogu ngaphezulu kwe-175 biases yolwazi. Nalu ushwankathelo lwezinye zezinto eziqhelekileyo ezinokuchaphazela ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla:

Ukuthathela ingqalelo ugqirha

Umlinganiso okhathalela ugqirha ngumahluko phakathi kwendlela esichaza ngayo izinto ezenziwa ngabanye abantu nendlela esizichaza ngayo ezethu. Abantu bathanda ukuthi omnye umntu wenze into ngenxa yesimilo sakhe okanye enye into yangaphakathi. Ngokwahlukileyo, abantu bahlala besithi benza izinto zabo kwizinto zangaphandle ezinje ngeemeko ababekuzo ngelo xesha.

Ngomnye u-2007, abaphandi babonisa amaqela amabini abantu ukulinganisa imoto ejikeleza phambi kwetrakhi, iphantse yabangela ingozi. Elinye iqela lawubona umsitho ngokwembono yomqhubi otyibilikayo, kwaye elinye iqela labona ukwaphuka okusondeleyo ngokwembono yomnye umqhubi. Abo babone ukwaphuka ngokwembono yomqhubi (umdlali weqonga) babonisa umngcipheko omncinci wokuhamba kunelo qela lalinombono womqhubi (omjongi).

Ukukhetha ukukhetha

Ukumilisela ukukhetha kutyekelo lokuxhomekeka kakhulu kulwazi lokuqala olufundayo xa uvavanya into. Ngamanye amagama, into oyifundayo kwasekuqaleni kuphando ihlala inefuthe elikhulu kwisigwebo sakho kunolwazi olufunda kamva.

Kwisifundo esinye, umzekelo, abaphandi banike amaqela amabini abathathi-nxaxheba ulwazi oluthile olubhaliweyo malunga nemvelaphi yomntu osefotweni. Emva koko bacela ukuba bachaze ukuba babecinga njani abantu abasezifotweni. Abantu abafunda ulwazi oluthe kratya ngemvelaphi yabo bathambekele ekuboniseni iimvakalelo ezingathandekiyo, kwaye abantu abafunda ulwazi oluyimvelaphi oluqinisekileyo bathambekele ekuvuseleleni iimvakalelo ezilungileyo. Ukuvela kwabo okokuqala kwaba nefuthe kubuchule babo bokufaka iimvakalelo kwabanye.

Umkhethe

Ukuthathelwa ingqalelo okothusayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwavela ebantwini njengendlela yokuphila. Ukuze ziphile, izilwanyana kufuneka ziphephe okanye ziphephe izoyikiso. Kwizigidi zeenkcukacha zolwazi ezihlasela izivamvo zemihla ngemihla, abantu kufuneka bazibone ezinokubaluleka kwimpilo yabo, ulonwabo nokhuseleko. Obu buchule bokusinda obulungiselelwe kakhulu bunokuba yinto ekhethiweyo ukuba uqala ukugxila kakhulu kuhlobo olunye lolwazi, ngelixa ungazihoyi ezinye iintlobo zolwazi.

Imizekelo esebenzayo: Wakhe uqaphele ukuba ubona njani ukutya kuyo yonke indawo xa ulambile okanye iintengiso zemveliso yosana kuyo yonke indawo xa uzama ukukhulelwa? Ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kunokwenza kubonakale ngathi ujikelezwe zizinto ezingaphaya kwesiqhelo, kodwa akunjalo. Uyazi nje. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ingqalelo kunokubonisa imiceli mngeni kubantu abane, kuba banokulungisa ngakumbi ingqalelo yabo kwizinto ezibonakala zisoyikisa, kwaye bangahoyi ulwazi olunokuthomalalisa uloyiko lwabo.

Ukufumaneka kwe-heuristic

Olunye utyekelo oluqhelekileyo kukutyekela ekunikezeleni ngakumbi kwizimvo eziza engqondweni ngokulula. Ukuba ungacinga kwangoko ngamanqaku aliqela axhasa isigwebo, unokucinga ukuba isigwebo sichanekile.

Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ubona iintloko ezininzi malunga nokuhlaselwa kookrebe kwindawo eselunxwemeni, loo mntu angakholelwa ekubeni umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kukakrebe uphezulu kunakuyo.

IAmerican Psychological Association ithi xa ulwazi lufumaneka ngokukuko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ulukhumbule. Ulwazi olulula ukufikelela kwimemori yakho lubonakala luthembekile.

Ukunyanzelwa kwesiqinisekiso

Ngokufanayo, abantu badla ngokufuna nokutolika ulwazi ngeendlela eziqinisekisa oko sele bekholelwa kuko. yenza abantu bangayihoyi okanye bangayixhasi ulwazi oluphikisana neenkolelo zabo. Olu tyekelo lubonakala luxhaphake kunakuqala, kuba abantu abaninzi bafumana iindaba zabo kwiindawo zentengiso ezilandelela "ukuthanda" kunye nokukhangela, zikunika ulwazi olusekwe kukhetho lwakho olubonakalayo.

Isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger

Iingcali zengqondo zichaza lo mkhethe njengokungakwazi ukuqonda ukungabikho kobuchule kwindawo. Uphando lubonakalisile ukuba abanye abantu baveza inqanaba eliphezulu lokuzithemba malunga nento abangenabo ubuchule bokwenza. Olu khetho lukho kuzo zonke iintlobo zeendawo, ukusuka kwezolonwabo ukuya kwi.

Impembelelo yokuvumelana okungamanga

Njengokuba abantu ngamanye amaxesha bebeka ngaphezulu kwezabo izakhono, bakwangaphezulu kakhulu kwinqanaba abanye abantu abavumelana ngalo nezigwebo zabo kwaye bayazamkela indlela abaziphethe ngayo. Abantu bathambekele ekucingeni ukuba ezabo iinkolelo kunye nezenzo ziqhelekile, ngelixa ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha zabantu zinxaxhile okanye zingaqhelekanga. Inqaku elinye elinomdla: iinkolelo zobuxoki ziyavumelana kwihlabathi liphela.

Ukusebenza okuzinzileyo

Xa ubona ihamile, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uyijonge njengesixhobo sokuhlaba iintloko zenzipho. Lo msebenzi nguloo nto izando zazenzelwe ukuba zizalisekise, ke ngengqondo ngokufanelekileyo incamathisela umsebenzi kwigama okanye kumfanekiso wesando. Kodwa ukuzinza okusebenzayo akusebenzi nje kwizixhobo. Abantu banokuphuhlisa uhlobo lokuzinza olusebenzayo ngokubhekisele kwabanye abantu, ngakumbi kwindawo yokusebenza. UHana = IT. UAlex = ukuthengisa.

Ingxaki ngokulungelelaniswa kokusebenza kukuba inokuthi inyanzelise ngokungqongqo ubuchule kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. Enye yeendlela abaphandi abaye bafumanisa ukoyisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kukuqeqesha abantu ukuba baqaphele yonke into okanye ingxaki.

Ngo-2012, abathathi-nxaxheba baqeqeshwa kwinkqubo enamanyathelo amabini eyaziwa ngokuba ngamalungu enziwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Isinyathelo sokuqala: uluhlu lwezinto (okanye iingxaki). Inyathelo lesibini: dibanisa isahlulo kusetyenziso olwaziwayo. Umzekelo weklasikhi kukwaphula ikhandlela kwi-wax kunye ne-wick. Okulandelayo, yilahle umsonto kwindlela esebenza ngayo kwikhandlela, ukuyichaza endaweni yayo njengomtya, evula amathuba amatsha okusetyenziswa. Abathathi-nxaxheba abafundayo abasebenzisa le ndlela basombulula iingxaki zeepesenti ezingama-67 kunabantu abangayisebenzisanga.

Isiphumo seHalo

Ukuba uphantsi kwempembelelo yempembelelo ye-halo, uluvo lwakho ngokubanzi lomntu lubunjiwe ngokungafanelekanga luphawu olunye.

Ngaba lolunye lweempawu ezinempembelelo? Ubuhle. Abantu abahlala benomtsalane njengabantu abakrelekrele ngakumbi kwaye abanesazela kunakwindlela abaqhuba ngayo ngokwasemfundweni.

Isiphumo esingalunganga

Xa ukhumbula umsitho, imbono yakho inokuthi iguqulwe ukuba kamva ufumana ulwazi olungelulo malunga nomsitho. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba ufunda into entsha malunga nomsitho owubonileyo, ungatshintsha indlela owukhumbula ngayo umsitho, nokuba le uyixelelwayo ayihambelani okanye ayiyonyani.

Olu hlobo lokukhetha lunefuthe elikhulu kubungqina bobungqina. Kutshanje abaphandi bafumanise indlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa le meko. Ukuba amangqina enza ukuphindaphinda, ngakumbi lawo ajolise kumandla esigwebo kunye nenkumbulo, iimpazamo zolwazi ziyancipha, kwaye bathambekele ekukhumbuleni imicimbi ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukukhetha okuhle

Ithemba lokukhetha okuhle linokubangela ukuba ukholelwe ukuba akunakufane ufumane ubunzima kunabanye abantu, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nempumelelo. bafumanise ukuba nokuba abantu benza uqikelelo malunga nobutyebi babo bexesha elizayo, ubudlelwane, okanye impilo, bahlala bejonga impumelelo kwaye bengajongeli phantsi amathuba okuba neziphumo ezibi. Kungenxa yokuba sizihlaziya ngokukhetha iinkolelo zethu, songeza uhlaziyo xa into ithe yavela kakuhle kodwa hayi rhoqo xa izinto zihamba kakubi.

Ukukhetha ukuzenzela

Xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle ebomini bakho, unokuba notyekelo lokugxeka amandla angaphandle ngokukubangela. Kodwa xa kukho into ehamba gwenxa ngaphakathi yomnye umntu ubomi, usenokuzibuza ukuba ingaba ngandlel 'ithile lo mntu ubekek' ityala, ukuba uphawu lwangaphakathi okanye isiphako sabangela ingxaki. Kwangokunjalo, ukuthanda izinto ngokwakho kunokubangela ukuba ubole iimpawu zakho zangaphakathi okanye imikhwa xa kukho into elungileyo eza kuwe.

Ukuchaphazeleka kwengqondo kukuchaphazela njani?

Ukhetho oluqondakalayo lunokuchaphazela izakhono zakho zokwenza izigqibo, ukunciphisa amandla akho okusombulula iingxaki, kuthintele impumelelo yakho yomsebenzi, kulimaze ukuthembeka kweenkumbulo zakho, umceli mngeni kumandla akho okuphendula kwiimeko zeengxaki, ukonyusa uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kunye nokuphazamisa ubudlelwane bakho.

Ngaba unokuyiphepha inkcubeko?

Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Ingqondo yomntu ifuna ukusebenza ngokukuko, oko kuthetha ukuba uninzi lwezizathu esizisebenzisayo xa sisenza izigqibo zethu zemihla ngemihla zixhomekeke kukuphononongwa okuzenzekelayo. Kodwa cinga thina unako Bangcono ekuqondeni iimeko apho kunokwenzeka ukuba umkhethe wethu usebenze kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okukutyhila nokuzilungisa. Nantsi indlela yokunciphisa iziphumo zokukhetha icala:

• Funda. Ukufundisisa ukungakhathali kwengqondo kunokukunceda ukuba uzibone ebomini bakho kwaye uziphikise xa sele uzikhuphile.
• Umbuzo. Ukuba ukwimeko apho uyazi ukuba unokuchaphazeleka kukhetho, cothisa izigqibo zakho kwaye ujonge ukwandisa uluhlu lwemithombo ethembekileyo odibana nayo.
• Nxibelelana. Hlanganisa iqela elahlukileyo labanikeli ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo zobungcali kunye namava obomi ukukunceda uqwalasele amathuba onokungawahoyi.
• Hlala ungaboni. Ukunciphisa amathuba okuba uphenjelelwe sisini, ubuhlanga, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokumiswa ngokulula, zigcine wena nabanye ungafikeleli kulwazi kwezo zinto.
• Sebenzisa uluhlu lokutshekisha, ii-algorithms, kunye neminye imilinganiselo yenjongo. Banokukunceda ujolise kwizinto ezifanelekileyo kwaye unciphise amathuba okuba uphenjelelwe zizinto ezingabalulekanga.

Umgca wezantsi

Ukucalulwa kwengqondo kukungaziphathi kakuhle ekucingeni kwakho okunokukukhokelela kwizigqibo ezingachanekanga. Zingaba yingozi kuba zibangela ukuba ugxile kakhulu kwezinye iintlobo zolwazi ngelixa ujonge ezinye iintlobo.

Mhlawumbi akunangqondo ukucinga ukuba ungashenxisa ukukhetha kwengqondo, kodwa ungaphucula ukubanakho kwakho ukubona iimeko apho uya kuba sesichengeni kubo. Ngokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela abasebenza ngayo, ukunciphisa inkqubo yakho yokwenza izigqibo, ukusebenzisana nabanye, kunye nokusebenzisa uluhlu lokujonga kunye neenkqubo, ungawanciphisa amathuba okuba ukungakhathali kwengqondo kukukhokele.