Intsholongwane ye-Ebola: kwenzeka njani, iintlobo kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela

Umxholo

• Iintlobo ze-Ebola
• Iimpawu eziphambili zentsholongwane
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Isasazeka njani i-Ebola
• Ungazikhusela njani kwi-Ebola
• Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ugula yiEbola
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Amatyala okuqala okufa abhalwe yintsholongwane ye-Ebola avela kwi-Afrika eseMbindini ngo-1976, xa abantu babeneentsholongwane ngokudibana kwezidumbu zenkawu.

Nangona imvelaphi ye-Ebola ingaqinisekanga, kuyaziwa ukuba intsholongwane ikhona kwezinye iintlobo zamalulwane ezingasiphuhlisiyo isifo, kodwa ziyakwazi ukusidlulisa. Ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba ezinye izilwanyana, njengenkawu okanye ingulube yasendle, zitya iziqhamo ezingcoliswe ngamathe amalulwane kwaye, ngenxa yoko, zosulela abantu ngokutya inyama yehagu engcolileyo njengokutya.

Emva kokungcoliseka zizilwanyana, abantu bayakwazi ukuhambisa intsholongwane phakathi kwabo ematheni, egazini nakwezinye izinto ezifihlakeleyo emzimbeni, ezinjengamadlozi okanye ukubila.

I-Ebola ayinalo unyango kwaye, ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukuhambisa intsholongwane kumntu ukuya emntwini ngokulaliswa kwezigulana zodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa zokukhusela (PPE).

Iintlobo ze-Ebola

Kukho iintlobo ezi-5 ezahlukeneyo ze-Ebola, ezibizwa ngokwengingqi apho baqala khona ukubonakala, nangona naluphi na uhlobo lwe-Ebola lunezinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabantu kwaye lubangela iimpawu ezifanayo kwizigulana.

Iindidi ezi-5 ezaziwayo ze-Ebola zezi:

• Ebola Zaire;
• Ebola Bundibugyo;
• I-Ebola Ivory Coast;
• Ebola Reston;
• I-Ebola eSudan.

Xa umntu osulelwe luhlobo olunye lwentsholongwane ye-Ebola kwaye esinda, uyakhuseleka kolo hlobo lwentsholongwane, nangona kunjalo akanakukhuseleka kwezinye iindidi ezine, kwaye unokuphinda abe ne-Ebola kwakhona.

Iimpawu eziphambili zentsholongwane

Iimpawu zokuqala zentsholongwane ye-Ebola zinokuthatha iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-21 ukuba zivele emva kongcoliseko kwaye zibandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane ongasentla kwama-38.3ºC;
• Ukugula elwandle;
• Umqala obuhkungu;
• Khohlela;
• Ukudinwa kakhulu;
• Intloko ebuhlungu.

Nangona kunjalo, emva kweveki enye, iimpawu zihlala zisiya zisiba mbi, kwaye zinokubonakala:

• Ukuphalaza (okunokuqulatha igazi);
• Urhudo (olunokuba negazi);
• Umqala obuhkungu;
• Iimpawu ezibangela ukuphuma kwegazi ngeempumlo, indlebe, umlomo okanye ummandla osondeleyo;
• Amabala egazi okanye amadyunguza kulusu;

Ukongeza, kukweli nqanaba lokonyuka kweempawu ezinokuthi zivele iinguqulelo zobuchopho ezisongela ubomi, zishiya umntu efile.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Ebola kwenziwa kwiimvavanyo zelebhu. Ubukho bee-antibodies ze-IgM bunokuvela kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kokuvela kweempawu kunye nokunyamalala phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwi-168 emva kosulelo.

Esi sifo siqinisekiswa ziimvavanyo ezithile zaselebhu, ezinjenge-PCR, kusetyenziswa iisampulu zegazi ezimbini, ingqokelela yesibini ziiyure ezingama-48 emva kweyokuqala.

Isasazeka njani i-Ebola

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Ebola kwenzeka ngokudibana ngqo negazi, amathe, iinyembezi, ukubila okanye amadlozi kwizigulana nakwizilwanyana ezosulelekileyo, nasemva kokuba beswelekile.

Ukongeza, usulelo lwe-Ebola lunokwenzeka xa isigulana sithimla okanye sikhwehlela ngaphandle kokukhusela umlomo kunye nempumlo, nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nomkhuhlane, kubalulekile ukuba sisondele kakhulu kwaye siqhakamshelane rhoqo ukuze sibambe esi sifo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, abantu abaye banxibelelana nesigulana se-Ebola kufuneka babekwe iliso kwiiveki ezi-3 ngokulinganisa ubushushu bomzimba, kabini ngemini kwaye, ukuba banomkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-38.3º, kufuneka bavunyelwe ukuba baqale unyango.

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-Ebola

Amanyathelo othintelo lwentsholongwane ye-Ebola ngala:

• Gwema iindawo zokuqhambuka;
• Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha kunye namanzi amaxesha amaninzi ngemini;
• Hlala kude nezigulana ze-Ebola kunye nakwabo babulawa yi-Ebola kuba banokudlulisa isifo;
• Ungayityi ‘inyama yenyama’, ulumke ngamalulwane anokungcoliseka yile ntsholongwane, njengoko engamanzi endalo;
• Musa ukubamba iincindi zomzimba womntu osulelekileyo, njengegazi, ukugabha, ilindle okanye urhudo, umchamo, imfihlo ekukhohliseni nasekuthimliseni nakumalungu angasese;
• Nxiba iiglavu, iimpahla zerabha kunye nesigqumathelo xa udibana nomntu ongcolileyo, ungamchukumisi lo mntu kwaye usulele iintsholongwane emva kokuzisebenzisa;
• Tshisa zonke iimpahla zomntu osweleke ngenxa ye-Ebola.

Njengoko usulelo lwe-Ebola lunokuthatha ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-21 ukufunyanwa, ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwe-Ebola kuyacetyiswa ukunqanda ukuhamba kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo kunye neendawo ezingqonge la mazwe. Elinye inyathelo elinokuba luncedo kukuphepha iindawo zikawonkewonke ezinokuxinana okukhulu kwabantu, kuba akusoloko kusaziwa ukuba ngubani onokosulelwa kwaye ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane kulula.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ugula yiEbola

Yintoni ekucetyiswa ukuyenza kwimeko yosulelo lwe-Ebola kukugcina umgama wakho kubo bonke abantu kwaye ufune indawo yonyango ngokukhawuleza kuba unyango lokuqala luqalisiwe, kokukhona amathuba okuba achache kwakhona. Lumka ngakumbi ukugabha kunye norhudo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwentsholongwane ye-Ebola luquka ukugcina isigulana sinamanzi kwaye sondliwe, kodwa akukho lunyango oluthile lunokunyanga i-Ebola. Izigulana ezosulelweyo zigcinwa zodwa esibhedlele ukugcina i-hydration kunye nolawulo losulelo olunokuthi luvele, ukunciphisa ukugabha kunye nokuthintela ukudluliselwa kwesi sifo kwabanye.

Abaphandi bafunda indlela yokwenza ichiza elinokuthi lithomalalise intsholongwane ye-Ebola kunye neyeza lokuthintela i-Ebola, kodwa ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili kwezenzululwazi, azikavunywa ukuba zisetyenziswe ebantwini.