Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi nge-COVID-19 Diagnosis

Umxholo

• Xa ucinga ngokuvavanywa kuvavanyo lwe-COVID-19
• Iimpawu omele uzilumkele
• Ngawaphi amanyathelo ofanele ukuwathatha xa ufuna ukuvavanywa?
• Yintoni ebandakanyekileyo kuvavanyo?
• Ngaba ezinye iintlobo zovavanyo ziya kubakho?
• Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo?
• Ngaba uvavanyo luchanekile?
• Lubaluleke nini unyango?
• Umgca wezantsi

Eli nqaku lahlaziywa ngo-Epreli 27, 2020 ukubandakanya ulwazi ngeekiti zovavanyo lwasekhaya kwaye ngo-Epreli 29, 2020 ukubandakanya iimpawu ezongeziweyo zecoronavirus ka-2019.

Ukuqhambuka kwesifo esitsha se-coronavirus, esafunyanwa okokuqala e-China ngo-Disemba ka-2019, kuyaqhubeka kuchaphazela abantu kwihlabathi liphela.

Ukuchongwa kwangoko nangokuchanekileyo kwe-COVID-19-isifo esibangelwa sisifo kunye ne-coronavirus entsha -balulekile ekupheliseni ukusasazeka kwayo kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zempilo.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane ukuba wenzeni ukuba ucinga ukuba uneempawu ze-COVID-19, kwaye zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa esi sifo e-United States.

Xa ucinga ngokuvavanywa kuvavanyo lwe-COVID-19

Ukuba ubonakalisiwe kwintsholongwane okanye ubonakalisa iimpawu ezinobulali ze-COVID-19, tsalela ugqirha wakho akucebise malunga nokuba uza kuvavanywa njani kwaye nini. Sukuya kwi-ofisi kagqirha wakho buqu, njengoko unokusulela.

Unako nokufikelela kumaZiko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (i-CDC) ukukunceda uthathe isigqibo sokuba uza kuvavanywa nini okanye ufumane unyango.

Iimpawu omele uzilumkele

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezichazwe ngabantu abane-COVID-19 zibandakanya:

• ifiva
• ukukhohlela
• ukudinwa
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Abanye abantu banokuba nezinye iimpawu, nazo, njenge:

• umqala obuhlungu
• intloko ebuhlungu
• impumlo egudileyo okanye exineneyo
• urhudo
• iintlungu zemisipha
• Ukugodola
• ukungcangcazela okuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yokubanda
• ukulahleka kwevumba okanye incasa

Iimpawu ze-COVID-19 zibonakala ngaphakathi emva kokuvezwa kwintsholongwane.

Abanye abantu ababonakalisi zimpawu zokugula kwinqanaba lokuqala losulelo kodwa basenokudlulisela intsholongwane kwabanye.

Kwiimeko ezinobuzaza, ukhathalelo lwasekhaya kunye namanyathelo okuzikhusela ngokwakho kunokuba yiyo yonke into efunekayo ukubuyisa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokugcina intsholongwane isasazeka kwabanye. Kodwa amanye amatyala afuna ungenelelo olunzima ngakumbi lwezonyango.

Ngawaphi amanyathelo ofanele ukuwathatha xa ufuna ukuvavanywa?

Ukuvavanyelwa i-COVID-19 kungoku nje kuphela kubantu abaye babhencwa kwi-SARS-CoV-2, igama elisemthethweni le-coronavirus yenoveli, okanye abaneempawu ezithile, njengaleyo ichazwe apha ngasentla.

Tsalela umnxeba kwi-ofisi kagqirha wakho ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unikwe isivumelwano se-SARS-CoV-2. Ugqirha wakho okanye unesi unokuvavanya imeko yakho yempilo kunye nemingcipheko kwifowuni. Banokukukhokelela ekubeni uye phi kwaye uye phi kuvavanyo, kwaye bakuncede ekukhokelele kuhlobo olufanelekileyo lokhathalelo.

Nge-21 ka-Epreli, kuvunyiwe ukusetyenziswa kwekhithi yokuqala yokuvavanya i-COVID-19. Ngokusebenzisa i-swab yomqhaphu ebonelelweyo, abantu baya kuba nakho ukuqokelela isampulu yammpumlo kwaye bayithumele kwilebhu ekhethiweyo ukuze kuvavanywe.

Isigunyaziso sokusetyenziswa okungxamisekileyo sichaza ukuba ikhithi yokuvavanya igunyazisiwe ukuba isetyenziswe ngabantu abaqeqeshiweyo bezonyango abaye bachonga njenge-COVID-19.

Yintoni ebandakanyekileyo kuvavanyo?

ihlala yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuvavanywa kwe-COVID-19 e-United States. Olu luhlobo olunye lovavanyo olwalusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (SARS) xa saqala ukubonakala ngo-2002.

Ukuqokelela isampulu kolu vavanyo, umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza enye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• swab impumlo yakho okanye umva womqala wakho
• aspirate fluid ephuma kumatshini wokuphefumla osezantsi
• thatha isampuli okanye isampulu yesitulo

Abaphandi emva koko bakhupha i-acid ye-nucleic kwisampulu yentsholongwane kwaye bandise iinxalenye ze-genome yayo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwephesha be-PCR (RT-PCR). Oku kubanika isampulu enkulu yokuthelekisa intsholongwane. Iintlobo ezimbini zofuzo zingafunyanwa ngaphakathi kwi-genome ye-SARS-CoV-2.

Iziphumo zovavanyo zezi:

• kulungile ukuba zombini izakhi zofuzo zifunyenwe
• ukungazichazi ukuba kufunyenwe uhlobo olunye kuphela
• ukungalunganga ukuba akukho mfuziselo ufumanekayo

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela isifuba i-CT scan ukunceda ukufumanisa i-COVID-19 okanye ufumane umbono ocacileyo wokuba intsholongwane isasazeke njani kwaye phi.

Ngaba ezinye iintlobo zovavanyo ziya kubakho?

Kutshanje i-FDA igunyazise ukusetyenziswa kwenxalenye yeenzame zayo zokwandisa amandla ovavanyo.

Izixhobo zovavanyo ze-FDA ezivunyiweyo zokuvavanywa kwamanqaku (POC) ezenziwe yinkampani yaseCalifornia esekwe kwiimolekyuli yeCepheid yezicwangciso zokhathalelo lwezigulana. Uvavanyo luya kuqala lusebenze kwizicwangciso eziphambili njengamasebe kaxakeka kunye nezinye iiyunithi zesibhedlele.

Uvavanyo ngoku lugcinelwe ukucoca abasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba babuyele emsebenzini emva kokubhencwa kwi-SARS-CoV-2 kunye nabo bane-COVID-19.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo?

Iisampulu ze-RT-PCR zihlala zivavanywa kwiibhetshi kwiindawo ezikude nalapho beziqokelelwe khona. Oku kuthetha ukuba kungathatha usuku okanye ixesha elide ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-POC olusandula ukwamkelwa luvumela iisampulu ukuba ziqokelelwe kwaye zivavanywe kwindawo enye, zikhokelela kumaxesha okukhawulezisa ukujika.

Izixhobo zeCepheid POC zivelisa iziphumo zovavanyo kwimizuzu engama-45.

Ngaba uvavanyo luchanekile?

Uninzi lwamatyala, iziphumo zovavanyo ze-RT-PCR zichanekile. Iziphumo zisenokungabi yinyama ngaphandle kosulelo ukuba iimvavanyo ziqhutywa kwangethuba kakhulu kwikhosi yesi sifo. Umthamo wentsholongwane unokuba sezantsi kakhulu ukuba ungafumana usuleleko okwangoku.

Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lwe-COVID-19 lufumanise ukuba ukuchaneka kwahluka, kuxhomekeka ekubeni iisampulu zaqokelelwa nini kwaye njani.

Isifundo esifanayo sikwafumanise ukuba isifuba se-CT siskena ngokuchanekileyo usulelo kuma-98 eepesenti amatyala ngelixa uvavanyo lwe-RT-PCR lufumene ngokuchanekileyo iipesenti ezingama-71 zexesha.

I-RT-PCR isenokuba lolona vavanyo lufikelelekayo, ke thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokhetho lwakho ukuba unengxaki malunga novavanyo.

Lubaluleke nini unyango?

Abanye abantu abane-COVID-19 baziva bephefumla kancinci ngelixa abanye bephefumla ngesiqhelo kodwa benokufundwa okuphantsi kweoksijini- imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hypoxia ethe cwaka. Zombini ezi meko zinokunyuka ngokukhawuleza ziye kwisifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (i-ARDS), esingxamisekileyo kwezonyango.

Ngokudibana nokuphefumla ngesiquphe nangokuqatha, abantu abane-ARDS banokubakho ngesiyezi ngokukhawuleza, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokubila okungathethekiyo.

Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye, kodwa ayizizo zonke, zeempawu ze-COVID-19 zesilumkiso esingxamisekileyo-ezinye zazo zibonisa ukuqhubela phambili kwi-ARDS:

• ukuphefumla kancinci okanye unengxaki yokuphefumla
• intlungu eqhubekayo, ukuqina, ukucwina okanye ukungonwabi esifubeni sakho okanye esiswini esingaphezulu
• ukudideka ngesiquphe okanye iingxaki zokucinga ngokucacileyo
• umbala oluhlaza okwesikhumba, ngakumbi kwimilebe, kwiibhedi zezikhonkwane, kwiintsini, okanye kufutshane namehlo
• umkhuhlane omkhulu ongaphenduliyo kumanyathelo okupholisa aqhelekileyo
• izandla ezibandayo okanye iinyawo
• ukubetha komoya obuthathaka

Fumana unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo okanye ezinye iimpawu ezinzulu. Fowunela ugqirha wakho okanye isibhedlele sasekhaya kwangethuba, ukuba unako, ukuze bakunike imiyalelo emakwenziwe.

Ukufumana unyango olukhawulezileyo kubaluleke ngakumbi kuye nakubani na osemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki ze-COVID-19.

Abantu abadala abadala basemngciphekweni wokugula kakhulu, njengabantu abanezi meko zempilo zilandelayo:

• iimeko zentliziyo ezimandundu, ezinje ngokusilela kwentliziyo, isifo semithambo yegazi, okanye i-cardiomyopathies
• isifo sezintso
• isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• ukutyeba kakhulu, okwenzeka kubantu abanesalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI) abangama-30 okanye ngaphezulu
• isifo serhengqa
• amajoni omzimba abuthathaka ukusuka kufakelo lwento eqinileyo
• uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile

Umgca wezantsi

Uvavanyo lwe-RT-PCR luhlala luyindlela ephambili yokufumanisa i-COVID-19 e-United States. Nangona kunjalo, abanye oogqirha banokusebenzisa iscreen se-CT scans njengendlela elula, ekhawulezayo, kunye ethembekileyo yokuvavanya nokufumanisa isifo.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinobuzaza okanye usulelo olukrokrelayo, tsalela umnikezeli wakho wezempilo. Baza kujonga umngcipheko wakho, babeke isicwangciso sothintelo kunye nesokunakekela, kwaye bakunike nemiyalelo yokuba ungavavanywa phi kwaye phi.