Yahluke njani i-COVID-19 kuMkhuhlane?

Umxholo

• I-COVID-19 vs. umkhuhlane: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi
• Ixesha lofukamiso
• Iimpawu
• I-COVID-19
• Umkhuhlane
• Ukuqala kweempawu
• Ikhosi yezifo kunye nobukhali
• Ixesha losulelo
• Kutheni le ntsholongwane inyangwa ngokwahlukileyo kumkhuhlane?
• Ukungabikho komzimba
• Ubunzima kunye nokufa
• Inqanaba losasazo
• Unyango kunye nezitofu zokugonya
• Ngaba umkhuhlane unokukukhusela kwi-COVID-19?
• Ngaba i-COVID-19 iya kuba ngamaxesha onyaka njengomkhuhlane?
• Ngaba i-coronavirus entsha isasazeka ngendlela efanayo nomkhuhlane?
• Ngubani osengozini yokugula kakhulu?
• Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa uneempawu ze-COVID-19
• Umgca wezantsi

Eli nqaku lahlaziywa ngo-Epreli 27, 2020 ukubandakanya ulwazi malunga neekiti zovavanyo lwasekhaya kwaye ngo-Epreli 29, 2020 ukubandakanya iimpawu ezongeziweyo zecoronavirus ka-2019.

I-SARS-CoV-2 yinkqubo entsha ye-coronavirus ethe yavela ngasekupheleni kuka-2019. Ibangela isifo sokuphefumla esibizwa ngokuba yi-COVID-19. Abantu abaninzi abafumana i-COVID-19 banokugula kancinci ngelixa abanye begula kakhulu.

I-COVID-19 yabelana ngokufana okuninzi nomkhuhlane wexesha. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini. Apha ngezantsi, siza kuthatha ukungena nzulu kwinto esiyaziyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku malunga nendlela i-COVID-19 eyahluke ngayo kumkhuhlane.

I-COVID-19 vs. umkhuhlane: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi

I-COVID-19 kwaye umkhuhlane zombini ubangela isifo sokuphefumla kwaye iimpawu ziyafana kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko ophambili. Masikuphule oku phambili.

Yahluke njani i-COVID-19 kuMkhuhlane?

Ixesha lofukamiso

Ixesha lokuxubusha lixesha elidlula phakathi kosulelo lokuqala kunye nokuqala kweempawu.

• I-COVID19. Ixesha lokufukama liphakathi kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-14. Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawula nokuThintela izifo (i-CDC), ixesha lokuxubusha eliphakathi liqikelelwa ukuba likhona.
• Umkhuhlane. Ixesha lokufukama komkhuhlane lifutshane, umndilili malunga nokuphakathi kweentsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-4.

Iimpawu

Makhe sihlolisise iimpawu ze-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane ngokusondeleyo.

I-COVID-19

Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo ze-COVID-19 zezi:

• ifiva
• ukukhohlela
• ukudinwa
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Ukongeza kwiimpawu ezingentla, abanye abantu banokufumana ezinye iimpawu, nangona ezi zihlala zingaqhelekanga:

• iintlungu zemisipha
• intloko ebuhlungu
• impumlo egudileyo okanye exineneyo
• umqala obuhkungu
• isicaphucaphu okanye urhudo
• Ukugodola
• ukungcangcazela rhoqo kukugodola
• ukulahleka kwevumba
• ukuphulukana nokungcamla

Abanye abantu abane-COVID-19 abayi kufumana naziphi na iimpawu okanye banokufumana kuphela iimpawu ezinobulali.

Umkhuhlane

Abantu abanamava omkhuhlane ezinye okanye zonke ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ifiva
• Ukugodola
• ukukhohlela
• ukudinwa
• iintlungu zomzimba
• intloko ebuhlungu
• impumlo egudileyo okanye exineneyo
• umqala obuhkungu
• isicaphucaphu okanye urhudo

Asinguye wonke umntu onomkhuhlane oya kuba nomkhuhlane. Oku kubadala abadala okanye abo banamajoni omzimba athathaka.

Ukongeza, iimpawu zokugaya ukutya njengokugabha kunye norhudo zikubantwana abanomkhuhlane.

Ukuqala kweempawu

Kukho umahluko phakathi kwe-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane kwindlela iimpawu ezikhoyo ngayo.

• I-COVID19. Iimpawu zokuqala ze-COVID-19 zihlala zinamandla,.
• Umkhuhlane. Ukuqala kweempawu zomkhuhlane kuhlala kwenzeka ngequbuliso.

Ikhosi yezifo kunye nobukhali

Sifunda ngakumbi nangakumbi nge-COVID-19 yonke imihla kwaye kusekho imiba yesi sifo engaziwa ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona kunjalo, siyazi ukuba kukho umahluko othile kwikhosi yesifo kunye nobunzima beempawu ze-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane.

• I-COVID19. Uqikelelo lweemeko eziqinisekisiweyo ze-COVID-19 zinzima okanye zibaluleke kakhulu. Abanye abantu banokufumana ukonyuka kweempawu zokuphefumla kwiveki yesibini yokugula, ngokomndilili emva.
• Umkhuhlane. Ityala elingenantsingiselo yomkhuhlane lisombulula malunga. Kwabanye abantu, ukukhwehlela kunye nokudinwa kunokuhlala iiveki ezi-2 okanye ngaphezulu. Ngaphezulu nje kwabantu abanomkhuhlane abalaliswe esibhedlele.

Ixesha losulelo

Ixesha lexesha umntu one-COVID-19 esosulelayo lisaqondwa gwenxa. Kungenxa yokuba abantu bayosulela kakhulu xa baneempawu.

Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba usasaze i-COVID-19 ngaphambi kokuba ubonise iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, oku kungoyena nobangela wokusasazeka kwesi sifo. Oku kungatshintsha, nangona kunjalo, njengoko sifunda ngakumbi nge-COVID-19.

Umntu onomkhuhlane unokusasaza intsholongwane ukuqala kwakhe ukubonisa iimpawu. Banokuqhubeka nokusasaza intsholongwane iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7 emva kokugula kwabo.

Kutheni le ntsholongwane inyangwa ngokwahlukileyo kumkhuhlane?

Usenokuzibuza ukuba kutheni i-COVID-19 inyangwa ngokwahlukileyo kunomkhuhlane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane zokuphefumla. Makhe sihlolisise oku ngakumbi.

Ukungabikho komzimba

I-COVID-19 ibangelwa luhlobo olutsha lwe-coronavirus ebizwa ngokuba yi-SARS-CoV-2. Ngaphambi kokuchongwa kwayo ngasekupheleni kuka-2019, zombini intsholongwane kunye nesifo esisibangelayo besingaziwa. Owona mthombo wecoronavirus entsha awaziwa, nangona kukholelwa ukuba inemvelaphi yezilwanyana.

Ngokungafaniyo nomkhuhlane wamaxesha onyaka, uluntu luphela alunanto ininzi, ukuba ikho, ukungabikho komzimba kwi-SARS-CoV-2. Oko kuthetha ukuba intsha ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela, eya kuthi isebenze nzima ukuvelisa impendulo yokulwa intsholongwane.

Ukongeza, ukuba abantu abane-COVID-19 banokuyifumana kwakhona. Uphando lwexesha elizayo luya kunceda ukumisela oku.

Ubunzima kunye nokufa

I-COVID-19 ubukhulu becala ibanzima ngakumbi kunomkhuhlane. Idatha ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iphakamisa ukuba malunga nabantu abane-COVID-19 abanesifo esibuhlungu okanye esibuhlungu, abafuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele kwaye bahlala belawula ioksijini okanye umoya opholileyo.

Nangona kukho izigidi zeemeko zomkhuhlane ngonyaka e-United States, ipesenteji encinci yeemeko zomkhuhlane ezibangelwa ukulaliswa esibhedlele.

Iziphumo zophando malunga nenqanaba lokufa ngqo le-COVID-19 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zahlukile. Olu kubalo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezinje ngendawo kunye nobudala babemi.

Ububanzi bususela kwi-0.25 ukuya kwiipesenti ezi-3 eziqikelelweyo.Olunye uphononongo lwe-COVID-19 e-Itali, apho phantse ikota yabemi ingama-65 okanye ngaphezulu, ibeka ireyithi iyonke.

Nangona kunjalo, la manqanaba okusweleka aqikelelweyo aphezulu kunalawo omkhuhlane wexesha lonyaka, ekuqikelelwa ukuba umalunga nalo.

Inqanaba losasazo

Nangona izifundo ziqhubeka ngoku, kubonakala ngathi inani lokuzala (R0) le-COVID-19 lingaphezulu komkhuhlane.

I-R0 linani losulelo lwesibini olunokwenziwa kumntu omnye osulelekileyo. Kwi-COVID-19, i-R0 iqikelelwa ukuba yi-2.2. beka i-R0 yomkhuhlane wamaxesha ongama-1.28.

Olu lwazi lithetha ukuba umntu one-COVID-19 unokudlulisela usulelo kubantu abaninzi kunenani labantu abanomkhuhlane abanokuchaphazela.

Unyango kunye nezitofu zokugonya

Iyeza lokugonya liyafumaneka kumkhuhlane wexesha elithile. Iyahlaziywa minyaka le ukujolisa kwiintlobo zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane eqikelelwe ukuba yeyona ixhaphakileyo ngexesha lomkhuhlane.

Ukufumana iyeza lokuthintela umkhuhlane ngamaxesha athile yindlela yokuthintela ukugula ngumkhuhlane. Nangona usenokufumana umkhuhlane emva kokuba ugonyiwe, isigulo sakho sinokuba nzima.

Kukwakho amayeza antiviral afumanekayo kumkhuhlane. Ukuba unikwe kwangethuba, banokukunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa ixesha oligulayo.

Okwangoku azikho izitofu zokugonya ezinelayisensi ezikhoyo ukukhusela kwi-COVID-19. Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ukuba kunyangwe i-COVID-19. Abaphandi basebenza nzima ekwenzeni ezi zinto.

Ngaba umkhuhlane unokukukhusela kwi-COVID-19?

I-COVID-19 kwaye umkhuhlane ubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezivela kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo. Okwangoku akukho bungqina bokuba ukufumana umkhuhlane kukhusela kwi-COVID-19.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukufumana umkhuhlane wakho unyaka nonyaka ukunceda ukuzikhusela kulomkhuhlane, ngakumbi kumaqela asemngciphekweni. Khumbula ukuba uninzi lwamaqela afanayo asemngciphekweni wokugula kakhulu ukusuka kwi-COVID-19 nawo asemngciphekweni wokugula kakhulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane.

Ngaba i-COVID-19 iya kuba ngamaxesha onyaka njengomkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane ulandela ipateni yamaxesha onyaka, kwaye iimeko zixhaphake kakhulu kwiinyanga ezipholileyo, ezomileyo zonyaka. Okwangoku ayaziwa ukuba i-COVID-19 iya kulandela ipateni efanayo.

Ngaba i-coronavirus entsha isasazeka ngendlela efanayo nomkhuhlane?

I-CDC yokuba bonke abantu banxibe iimaski zobuso kwilaphu kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke apho kunzima ukugcina umgama weenyawo ezi-6 ukusuka kwabanye.
Oku kuyakunceda ukucothisa ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane kubantu abangenazo iimpawu okanye abantu abangaziyo ukuba bayifumene intsholongwane.
Imaski yobuso belaphu kufuneka inxitywe ngelixa uqhubeka nokuziqhelanisa nomzimba. Imiyalelo yokwenza iimaski ekhaya inokufunyanwa.
Phawula: Kubalulekile ukugcina iimaski zotyando kunye nokuphefumla kwe-N95 kubasebenzi bezempilo.

I-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane zombini zihanjiswa ngamathontsi okuphefumla athi umntu onentsholongwane awakhuphe xa ekhupha, ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Ukuba uphefumla okanye udibana nala mathontsi, unokuyifumana intsholongwane.

Ukongeza, amathontsi okuphefumla aqukethe umkhuhlane okanye i-coronavirus entsha unokuhlala kwizinto okanye kumphezulu. Ukuchukumisa into engcolileyo okanye umphezulu kwaye emva koko uchukumise ubuso bakho, umlomo, okanye amehlo kunokukhokelela kusulelo.

Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lwe-SARS-CoV-2, inoveli coronavirus, yafumanisa ukuba intsholongwane esebenzayo inokufumaneka emva:

• ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezi-3 kwiplastiki nakwintsimbi engenasici
• ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-24 kwikhadibhodi
• ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezi-4 kubhedu

Umkhuhlane ufumanise ukuba intsholongwane esebenzayo inokufunyanwa kwiplastiki nakwintsimbi engenasici ngeeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48. Intsholongwane yayingazinzanga kwiindawo ezinje ngephepha, ilaphu, kunye nethishu, ihlala isebenza phakathi kweeyure ezisibhozo ukuya kwezili-12.

Ngubani osengozini yokugula kakhulu?

Kukho ukungqubana okubalulekileyo phakathi kwamaqela asemngciphekweni wezifo zombini. Izinto ezonyusa umngcipheko wokugula okunzima kuzo zombini i-COVID-19 kwaye umkhuhlane ubandakanya:

• ukuba neminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu
• uhlala kwindawo yokhathalelo yexesha elide, enje ngekhaya labongikazi
• ukuba neemeko zempilo ezingaphantsi, ezinje:
  • umbefu
  • izifo ezingapheliyo zemiphunga, njengesifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
  • amajoni omzimba abuthathaka, ngenxa yofakelo, i-HIV, okanye unyango lomhlaza okanye isifo se-autoimmune
  • isifo seswekile
  • isifo sentliziyo
  • isifo sezintso
  • isifo sesibindi
  • ukutyeba kakhulu

Ukongeza, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokugula kakhulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa uneempawu ze-COVID-19

Ke kuya kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba uneempawu ze-COVID-19? Landela la manyathelo angezantsi:

• Zahlule. Cwangcisa ukuhlala ekhaya kwaye unciphise unxibelelwano lwakho nabanye ngaphandle kokufumana unyango.
• Jonga iimpawu zakho. Abantu abanesigulo esincinci banokuchacha ekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, gcina iliso kwiimpawu zakho kuba zinokuba zibi ngakumbi kamva kusulelo.
• Biza ugqirha wakho. Kuhlala kungumbono olungileyo ukubiza ugqirha wakho ubazise ngeempawu ohlangabezana nazo.
• Nxiba imaski yobuso. Ukuba uhlala nabanye okanye uyokufuna unyango, nxiba imaski yotyando (ukuba iyafumaneka). Kwakhona, tsalela umnxeba phambili ngaphambi kokufika kwiofisi kagqirha wakho.
• Vavanywa. Okwangoku, uvavanyo lilinganiselwe, nangona iigunyazisile ikhithi yokuqala yokuvavanya i-COVID-19. Ugqirha wakho unokusebenza nabasemagunyeni bezempilo ukuze babone ukuba ufuna ukuvavanyelwa i-COVID-19.
• Funa unonophelo olungxamisekileyo, ukuba kukho imfuneko. Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye ubuso okanye imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, funa unyango kwangoko. Ezinye iimpawu zongxamiseko zibandakanya ukozela nokudideka.

Umgca wezantsi

I-COVID-19 kwaye umkhuhlane zombini zizifo zokuphefumla. Ngelixa kuninzi ukungqubana phakathi kwabo, kukho umahluko ophambili ekufuneka ujongiwe.

Iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zomkhuhlane aziqhelekanga kwiimeko ze-COVID-19. Iimpawu zomkhuhlane zikhula ngesiquphe ngelixa iimpawu ze-COVID-19 zikhula kancinci. Ukongeza, ixesha lokufukamela umkhuhlane lifutshane.

I-COVID-19 ikwabonakala ibangela ukugula okunzima ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nomkhuhlane, ngepesenti enkulu yabantu abafuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ikwabonakala ngathi ihambisa ngokulula kubemi.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba une-COVID-19, uzahlule ekhaya ungabikho kwabanye abantu. Yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuze bakwazi ukusebenzela ukwenza uvavanyo. Qiniseka ukuba ugcina umkhondo weempawu zakho kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ziqala ukuba mbi.

Nge-21 ka-Epreli, kuvunyiwe ukusetyenziswa kwekhithi yokuqala yokuvavanya i-COVID-19. Ngokusebenzisa i-swab yomqhaphu ebonelelweyo, abantu baya kuba nakho ukuqokelela isampulu yammpumlo kwaye bayithumele kwilebhu ekhethiweyo ukuze kuvavanywe.

Isigunyaziso sokusetyenziswa okungxamisekileyo sichaza ukuba ikhithi yokuvavanya igunyazisiwe ukuba isetyenziswe ngabantu abaqeqeshiweyo bezonyango abaye bachonga njenge-COVID-19.