Yonke into omawuyazi malunga neziphumo ezisecaleni zesitofu se-COVID-19

Umxholo

• Okokuqala, ukuphinda usebenzise indlela isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 esisebenza ngayo.
• Ngaba loluphi uhlobo lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya ze-COVID-19 endimele ndizilindele?
• Zixhaphake kangakanani iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zesitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19?
• Kutheni kufuneka ufumane i-Vacov-19 Vaccine, ngaphandle kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
• Uphengululo lwe

Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba isitofu se-Pfizer se-COVID-19 sifumene isigunyaziso sokusetyenziswa okungxamisekileyo kuLawulo lokutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi, abanye abantu sele begonyiwe. Nge-14 kaDisemba, i-2020, iidosi zokuqala zesitofu sokugonya i-Pfizer zanikwa abasebenzi bezempilo kunye nabasebenzi bamakhaya abongikazi. Kwiiveki nakwiinyanga ezizayo, isitofu sokugonya siya kuqhubeka sisasazwa kubemi ngokubanzi, kunye nabasebenzi abayimfuneko kunye nabantu abadala abaphakathi kwabokuqala ukufumana iidosi emva kweengcali zezempilo ezisengozini enkulu. (Jonga: Liya kubakho nini i-COVID-19 Vaccine- kwaye Ngubani oza kuyifumana kuqala?)

Lixesha elinomdla, kodwa ukuba ububona iingxelo malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya ze-COVID-19, kusenokwenzeka ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokuba ungalindela ntoni xa lithuba lakho lokudubula. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zesitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19.

Okokuqala, ukuphinda usebenzise indlela isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 esisebenza ngayo.

Amayeza okugonya e-COVID-19 asuka ePfizer naseModerna - awokugqibela kulindeleke ukuba afumane isigunyaziso esingxamisekileyo kwintsuku nje ezimbalwa - asebenzise uhlobo olutsha lwesitofu esibizwa ngokuba yi-messenger RNA (mRNA). Endaweni yokubeka intsholongwane engasebenziyo emzimbeni wakho (njengoko kwenziwe ngumkhuhlane), izitofu ze-mRNA zisebenza ngokufaka ikhowudi kwinxalenye yeproteyini ye-spike efumaneka kumphezulu we-SARS-CoV-2 (intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19). Ezo ziqwenga zeprotheyini ekhowudiweyo emva koko zibangela impendulo yokuzikhusela emzimbeni wakho, ekhokelela ekuphuhliseni izilwa-buhlungu ezinokukhusela kwintsholongwane ukuba uthe wosuleleka, Amesh A. Adalja, MD, umphengululi ophezulu kumaZiko eJohns Hopkins oKhuseleko lwezeMpilo, Ndixelelwe ngaphambili Ubume. (Ngakumbi apha: Isebenza njani i-COVID-19 Vaccine?)

Cinga ngezi ziqwenga zeprotheyini zifakwe "njengophawu lweminwe" yemfuza kwi-SARS-CoV-2 virus, utshilo uThad Mick, uFarm.D., Usekela mongameli weenkqubo zamayeza kunye neenkonzo zokuqonda isifo kwi-ZOOM + Care. “Injongo yezitofu zokugonya ze-COVID-19 kukwazisa ukuba iminwe yentsholongwane elumkisa umzimba wakho kwangethuba ukuze amajoni omzimba aqonde ukuba ayingowalapho kwaye akhe indlela yokuzikhusela komzimba phambi kokuba intsholongwane ibe nethuba lokukufumana ukhuseleko lwendalo, ”uyacacisa.

Kwinkqubo yokwakha loo mpendulo yomzimba, kuqhelekile ukuba ube neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga endleleni, wongeza uMick.

Ngaba loluphi uhlobo lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya ze-COVID-19 endimele ndizilindele?

Njengangoku, sinophando lokuqala kuphela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zedatha yezitofu zokugonya zePfizer kunye neModerna ze-COVID-19. Lilonke, nangona kunjalo, isitofu sokugonya sikaPfizer kuthiwa "sineprofayile yokhuseleko encomekayo," ngelixa iModerna ngokufanayo ibonisa "akukho nkxalabo inzulu yokhuseleko." Zombini iinkampani zithi ziyaqhubeka nokuqokelela idatha yezokhuseleko (kunye nokusebenza) ukuqinisekisa ezi ziphumo.

Oko kwathiwa, njengawo nawuphi na ugonyo, unokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kugonyo lwe-COVID-19. Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo adwelisa ezi zinto zinokubakho kwiziphumo zokugonya ze-COVID-19 kwiwebhusayithi yayo:

• Iintlungu kunye nokudumba kwindawo yokutofa
• Ifiva
• Ukugodola
• Ukudinwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya ze-COVID-19 zinokubandakanya iintlungu zemisipha kunye nentlungu edibeneyo, yongeza uMick. “Ngokokwazi kwethu, uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuvela kusuku lokuqala okanye ezimbini emva kokufumana isitofu, kodwa zinokubakho kamva,” uyacacisa. (Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokudubula komkhuhlane ziyafana.)

Ukuba ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zivakala kakhulu njengeempawu ze-COVID-19, kungenxa yokuba zinjalo. "Isitofu sokugonya senza amajoni omzimba alwe nale ntsholongwane," ucacisa watsho uRichard Pan, MD, ugqirha wabantwana kunye nelungu lesenethi laseCalifornia. "Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziimpawu zempendulo ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye neentlungu zemisipha."

Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 sinokukunika i-COVID-19, utshilo uGqirha Pan. “Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-mRNA [esuka kwisitofu sokugonya] ayichaphazeli ngokusisigxina naziphi na iiseli zakho,” uyacacisa. Endaweni yokuba i-mRNA ibe yiprogram yeproteyisi yexeshana ebekwe phezu kwintsholongwane. UGqr. Pan uthi: “Lo mgaqo ubuthathaka kakhulu, yiyo loo nto isitofu sokugonya kufuneka sigcinwe sibanda kangaka ngaphambi kokuba sisetyenziswe. Umzimba wakho ekugqibeleni uyawuphelisa loo mgaqo emva kokuba ugonyiwe, kodwa izilwa-buhlungu oziphuhlisayo ekuphenduleni ziya kuhlala, uyachaza. (I-CDC iqaphela ukuba idatha eninzi iyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-anti-antibodies ezakhiwe ixesha elingakanani kwizitofu zokugonya ze-COVID-19 ziya kuhlala.)

“Akunakwenzeka ukuba ubambe i-COVID-19 kwisitofu sokugonya, njengokuba neplani yokwakha ivili lokuqhuba akukuniki izicwangciso zokwakha imoto yonke,” wongeza uGqr. Pan.

Zixhaphake kangakanani iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zesitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19?

I-FDA isavavanya idatha malunga nokuba ziqheleke kangakanani iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-COVID-19 kubemi ngokubanzi. Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, ulwazi olukhutshwe nguPfizer kunye noModerna kwizilingo zabo ezinkulu zeklinikhi lubonisa ukuba inani elincinci labantu liya kufumana "iimpawu ezibonakalayo kodwa zexeshana" emva kokufumana isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19, utshilo uGqirha Pan.

Ngokukodwa, kulingo lukaModerna lwesitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19, iipesenti ezi-2.7 zabantu bafumana iintlungu kwindawo yokutofa emva kwedosi yokuqala. Ukulandela idosi yesibini (enikwa iiveki ezine emva kwempuphu yokuqala), iipesenti ezingama-9.7 zabantu bafumana ukudinwa, iipesenti eziyi-8.9 zixele iintlungu zomhlunu, iipesenti ezi-5.2 zineentlungu ezidibeneyo, iipesenti ezi-4.5 zixele intloko, iipesenti ezi-4.1 zafumana iintlungu, kunye neepesenti ezi-2 uthe ukudubula kwesibini kwabashiya benobomvu kwindawo yenaliti.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iziphumo zokugonya ze-Pfizer ze-COVID-19 zibonakala zifana nezikaModerna. Kuvavanyo olukhulu lwe-Pfizer lwesitofu sayo sokugonya, iipesenti ezi-3.8 zabantu baxele ukudinwa kwaye iipesenti ezi-2 zehlelwa yintloko, zombini emva kwethamo lesibini (elinikwa iiveki ezintathu emva kwenaliti yokuqala). Ngaphantsi kwe-1 yepesenti yabantu kuvavanyo lweklinikhi baxele umkhuhlane (ochazwe kuphando njengobushushu bomzimba ngaphezulu kwe-100 ° F) emva kwethamo lokuqala okanye lesibini. Inani elincinci (iipesenti ezi-0.3, ukuba lichaneke) lalabo bafumana isitofu sokugonya baphinde baxela ii-lymph node ezidumbileyo, "ezisonjululwe ngokubanzi kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-10" zogonyo, ngokophando.

Nangona ezi ziphumo zecala zexeshana kwaye zingabonakali ziqhelekileyo, zinokuthi "zibaluleke" ngokwaneleyo ukuba abanye abantu "banokufuna ukuphosakela usuku lomsebenzi" emva kokugonywa, uphawula uDkt Pan.

Usenokuba ukhe weva iinkxalabo malunga neempendulo ze aleji kwiyeza lokugonya le-Pfizer le-COVID-19. Kungekudala emva kokuba isitofu sokugonya sikhutshwe e-UK, abasebenzi ababini bezempilo-abahlala bephethe i-EpiPen kwaye banembali ye-allergies-abanamava e-anaphylaxis (isenzo esisongela ubomi esibangelwa kukuphefumla kakubi kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo lwegazi. ) kulandela idosi yabo yokuqala, ngokutsho INew York Times. Bobabini abasebenzi bezempilo baye bachacha, kodwa okwangoku, amagosa ezempilo e-UK akhuphe isilumkiso sokungabikho komzimba kwisitofu sika-Pfizer se-COVID-19: “Nawuphi na umntu onembali ye-anaphylaxis kwisitofu sokugonya, amayeza okanye ukutya akufuneki afumane Isitofu sokugonya sePfizer/BioNTech. Idosi yesibini akufuneki inikwe nabani na onamava anaphylaxis emva kolawulo lwedosi yokuqala yeli chiza. ” (Inxulumene: Kwenzeka ntoni xa ungena kwi-Anaphylactic Shock?)

E-US, iphepha lenyani elivela kwi-FDA kwisitofu sokugonya se-Pfizer's COVID-19 ngokufanayo lichaza ukuba "abantu abanembali eyaziwayo ye-aleji eqatha (umz. i-anaphylaxis) kulo naliphi na icandelo le-Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 Vaccine" akufuneki bagonywe. ngeli xesha. (Unokufumana uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezithako kwi-Pfizer vaccine kwiphepha elifanayo le-FDA.)

Kutheni kufuneka ufumane i-Vacov-19 Vaccine, ngaphandle kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Inyani yeyokuba, unokuziva ngathi yimpambano yosuku okanye ezimbini emva kokuba ufumane isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19. Kodwa xa zizonke, izitofu ze-COVID-19 “zikhuseleke kakhulu” kunentsholongwane uqobo, esele ibulale abantu abamalunga nama-300,000 e-U.S., Utshilo uGqirha Pan.

Izitofu zokugonya ze-COVID-19 aziyi kunceda kuphela wena zithintele iingxaki ezinzulu ze-COVID-19, kodwa ziya kunceda ukukhusela abantu andinako ugonywe okwangoku (kubandakanya nabo banesiphatho esibi kakhulu, abantu abakhulelweyo, kunye nabo bangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 ubudala, wongeza uGqirha Pan. (Ukunxiba imaski yakho, ukuhamba kude ekuhlaleni, kunye nokuhlamba izandla kuya kuqhubeka kubalulekile ekukhuseleni abantu kwi-COVID-19.)

“Ngelixa abaninzi bexhalabile ngesitofu sokugonya i-COVID-19, zininzi izibonelelo zokugonywa,” ucacise watsho uMick. "Ezi zitofu zivavanywa ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ziya kufikelela kwintengiso kuphela ukuba nayiphi na imingcipheko yesitofu sokugonya ingaphezulu kwezibonelelo."

Ulwazi kweli bali luchanekile ngexesha lokushicilelwa. Njengoko uhlaziyo malunga ne-coronavirus i-COVID-19 iqhubeka nokuvela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ulwazi kunye neengcebiso kweli bali zitshintshile okoko kwapapashwa okokuqala. Siyakukhuthaza ukuba ujonge rhoqo ngezixhobo ezinjenge-CDC, i-WHO, kunye nesebe lezempilo likarhulumente kwindawo yakho yokufumana olona lwazi lwanamhlanje kunye neengcebiso.

Uphengululo lwe