Ukonakala kwe-Macular (DM): yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Iindidi zokuwohloka kwe-retina
• 1. Ubudala be-macular degeneration (AMD)
• 2. Ukomisa okomileyo
• 3. Ukudodobala okumanzi
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Unyango lwendalo

Ukonakala kwe-Macular, okwaziwa nangokuthi kukuwohloka kwe-retinal okanye i-DM nje, sisifo esibangela ukuncitshiswa komthamo wombono ophakathi, ngobumnyama kunye nokulahleka kobukhali, ukugcina umbono wembonakalo.

Esi sifo sinxulumene nokwaluphala kwaye ikakhulu sichaphazela abantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Ke ngoko, ihlala ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-AMD-yobudala obuhambelana nobudala be-macular. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ibonakale kubantu abancinci nakubantu abanezinye izinto ezinobungozi njengokusebenzisa icuba, ukunqongophala kweevithamini zokutya, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye ukubonakaliswa kakhulu kukukhanya kwelanga, umzekelo.

Ngaphandle kokunganyangeki, unyango lunokuphucula umbono kunye nokuthintela isifo ukuba siqhubeke sisiba mandundu, kwaye kubandakanya ezinye iindlela ezikhokelwa ngugqirha wamehlo, njenge-laser photocoagulation, amayeza, anje nge-corticosteroids, kunye neinaliti ze-intraocular ezinciphisa ukudumba, ukongeza koko kuyacetyiswa ukulandela ukutya okunotye kakhulu kwii-antioxidants, ezinjengevithamini C kunye no-E, kunye ne-omega-3, ekhoyo ekutyeni okanye kwizongezo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ukonakala kwetitina kuvela xa izihlunu ezisembindini welihlo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-macula, ziya zisiba mbi. Ke, iimpawu ezibangela zibandakanya:

• Ukuphulukana kancinci kancinci nokubanakho ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo;
• Umbono ophazamisayo okanye ogqwethekileyo kumbono wombono;
• Inkangeleko yendawo emnyama okanye engenanto embindini wombono.

Nangona inokuphazamisa kakhulu umbono, ukonakala kwe-macular akuhlali kukhokelela kubumfama, njengoko kuchaphazela kuphela ummandla ophakathi, kugcina umbono wembonakalo.

Ukuchongwa kwesi sifo kwenziwa luvavanyo kunye novavanyo olwenziwa ngugqirha wamehlo, oza kugcina i-macula kwaye abone ubume kunye nenqanaba lokonakala komntu ngamnye, ukuze acwangcise olona nyango lulungileyo.

Iindidi zokuwohloka kwe-retina

Kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba kunye nobukrakra bokwehla kwe-macular, inokuzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

1. Ubudala be-macular degeneration (AMD)

Inqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo kwaye akunakubangela zimpawu. Kule nqanaba, i-ophthalmologist iyakwazi ukubona ubukho beedrosi, eziluhlobo lwenkunkuma oluqokelela phantsi kwezicubu zomzimba.

Nangona ukuqokelelwa kweedrosi kunganyanzelekanga ukuba kubangele ukulahleka kombono, kunokuphazamisa impilo ye-macula kunye nenkqubela phambili ukuya kwinqanaba eliphambili, ukuba alifumaniswanga kwaye liphathwe ngokukhawuleza.

2. Ukomisa okomileyo

Yeyona ndlela iphambili yokunikezelwa kwesi sifo kwaye yenzeka xa iiseli zeretina zisifa, ezibangela ukuphulukana nombono ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, oku kuhla kuya kusiba mandundu kwaye kuphuhle, kwixa elizayo, kwifomu enoburharha.

3. Ukudodobala okumanzi

Eli lelona nqanaba libaluleke kakhulu kwesi sifo, apho ulwelo kunye negazi zinokuvuza kwimithambo yegazi ephantsi kweretina, ekhokelela ekunqandeni nasekulahlekeni kombono.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Ukonakala kwe-Macular akunanyango, nangona kunjalo, ukulandelwa kunye nokubeka iliso ngugqirha wamehlo, kwizithuba ezimiselweyo, kufuneka kuqalwe ngokukhawuleza, ukunqanda ukwanda kwesi sifo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lunokuboniswa, olubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-thermal laser, i-corticosteroids, i-photocoagulation ye-retina, ukongeza ekusebenziseni amayeza, njenge-Ranibizumab okanye i-Aflibercept, umzekelo, ukunciphisa ukwanda kwemithambo yegazi kunye ukudumba.

Unyango lwendalo

Unyango lwendalo aluyithathi indawo yonyango ngamayeza alawulwa ngugqirha wamehlo, nangona kunjalo kubalulekile ukunceda ukuthintela nokukhusela ukwanda kokuwohloka kwe-macular.

Ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-omega-3s, okukhoyo kwintlanzi nakwiimolluscs, ukongeza kwii-antioxidants, ivithamin C, ivithamin E, beta-carotene, zinc kunye nobhedu, ezikhoyo kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno, kuyacetyiswa, njengoko zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwimpilo yeretina.

Ukuba ukutya akonelanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemihla ngemihla, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzise ngokusebenzisa izongezo ezithengiswa kwiivenkile zokutya ezempilo nakwiivenkile ezithengisa iziyobisi, ngeedosi ezinconyelwe ngugqirha wamehlo.

Ukongeza, ukuncedisa kuthintelo nonyango lwesifo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulandele eminye imikhwa esempilweni njengokungatshayi, ukuphepha iziselo ezinxilisayo kunye nokuzikhusela elangeni nakwimitha yelanga enezibane ezifanelekileyo zelanga.