Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi

Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi kukuphulukana nokusebenza kwengqondo okwenzeka kwizifo ezithile. Ichaphazela inkumbulo, ukucinga, ulwimi, ukugweba kunye nokuziphatha.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sihlala sisenzeka xa umntu emdala. Uninzi lweentlobo lunqabile kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60. Umngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo uyanda njengokuba umntu esiya esiba mdala.

Uninzi lweentlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo alunakubuyiselwa umva (sisiba mandundu). Ukungaguquguquki kuthetha ukuba utshintsho kwingqondo olubangela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo alunakumiswa okanye lubuyiselwe umva.Isifo i-Alzheimer lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Olunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo. Kubangelwa kukungahambi kakuhle kwegazi kwingqondo, njengokubetha.

Isifo somzimba sikaLeyy sisizathu esiqhelekileyo sokuduka kwengqondo kubantu abadala abadala. Abantu abanale meko baneeproteni ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho.

Ezi meko zonyango zilandelayo zingakhokelela kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo:

• Isifo seHuntington
• Ukulimala kwengqondo
• Isifo sokugubhuka
• Usulelo olufana ne-HIV / AIDS, igcushuwa, kunye nesifo seLyme
• Isifo seParkinson
• Khetha isifo
• Ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo senyukliya

Abanye oonobangela be-dementia banokumiswa okanye babuyiselwe umva ukuba bafumaneka ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, kubandakanya:

• Ukulimala kwengqondo
• Amathumba ebongo
• Ixesha elide (elingapheliyo) ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala
• Utshintsho kwiswekile yegazi, isodiyam, kunye namanqanaba e-calcium (isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ngenxa yezizathu zesifo)
• Inqanaba le-vitamin B12 ephantsi
• Uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwehydrocephalus
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile, kubandakanya i-cimetidine kunye nezinye iziyobisi ze-cholesterol
• Olunye usulelo lobuchopho

Iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zibandakanya ubunzima kwiindawo ezininzi zokusebenza kwengqondo, kubandakanya:

• Ukuziphatha ngokweemvakalelo okanye ubuntu
• Ulwimi
• Imemori
• Ukuqonda
• Ukucinga nokugweba (izakhono zokuqonda)

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sidla ngokubonakala njengokulibala.

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuthobekileyo (i-MCI) linqanaba phakathi kokulibala okuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokwaluphala kunye nokukhula kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Abantu abane-MCI baneengxaki ezincinci ekucingeni nakwinkumbulo engaphazamisiyo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Bahlala besazi malunga nokulibala kwabo. Asinguye wonke umntu oneMCI ongahlaselwa sisifo sengqondo esiyingozi.

Iimpawu zeMCI zibandakanya:

• Kunzima ukwenza ngaphezulu komsebenzi omnye ngexesha
• Kunzima ukusombulula iingxaki okanye ukwenza izigqibo
• Ukulibala amagama abantu abaqhelekileyo, iziganeko zamva nje, okanye incoko
• Ukuthatha ixesha elide ukwenza imisebenzi enzima yengqondo

Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zinokubandakanya:

• Ubunzima ngemisebenzi ethatha ingcinga, kodwa eyayisiza ngokulula, njengokulinganisa incwadi yokukhangela, ukudlala imidlalo (enjengebhulorho), kunye nokufunda ulwazi olutsha okanye iinkqubo
• Ukulahleka kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo
• Iingxaki zolwimi, ezinje ngengxaki enamagama ezinto eziqhelekileyo
• Ukuphulukana nomdla kwizinto owawuzonwabele ngaphambili, imo ethe tyaba
• Ukubeka izinto endaweni engeyiyo
• Utshintsho lomntu kunye nokulahleka kwezakhono zentlalo, ezinokukhokelela ekuziphatheni okungalunganga
• Utshintsho lwemood olukhokelela ekuziphatheni okubi
• Ukuqhuba kakubi kwemisebenzi
  

Njengokuba isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo siya sisiba mandundu, iimpawu zicaca gca kwaye ziphazamisana nokukwazi ukuzikhathalela. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Guqula iipateni zokulala, uhlala uvuka ebusuku
• Ubunzima kwimisebenzi esisiseko, njengokupheka, ukukhetha impahla efanelekileyo, okanye ukuqhuba
• Ukulibala iinkcukacha malunga neziganeko zangoku
• Ukulibala iziganeko kwimbali yobomi bakhe, ukuphulukana nokuzazi
• Ukuba nemibono, ukubambana, ukubetha kunye nokuziphatha gwenxa
• Ukuba nokukhohlisa, ukudakumba, kunye nokuphazamiseka
• Ubunzima bokufunda okanye ukubhala
• Ukugweba ngendlela engeyiyo kunye nokuphulukana namandla okuqonda ingozi
• Sebenzisa igama elingalunganga, ungabizi amagama ngokuchanekileyo, uthetha izivakalisi ezididayo
• Ukurhoxa kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni

Abantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo abasakwazi:

• Yenza imisebenzi esisiseko yokuphila kwansuku zonke, njengokutya, ukunxiba kunye nokuhlamba
• Waqonde amalungu osapho
• Qonda ulwimi

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngengqondo:

• Iingxaki zokulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu okanye umchamo
• Ukuginya iingxaki

Umboneleli wezempilo onamava unokuchonga isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esebenzisa oku kulandelayo:

• Gqibezela uvavanyo lomzimba, kubandakanya uvavanyo lweenkqubo zemithambo-luvo
• Ukubuza malunga nembali yonyango lomntu kunye neempawu
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wengqondo (uvavanyo lobume bengqondo)

Olunye uvavanyo lunokuyalelwa ukuba lufumanise ukuba ngaba ezinye iingxaki zinokubangela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo okanye zisenze mandundu. Ezi meko zibandakanya:

• Ukunqongophala kwegazi
• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Usulelo lwexesha elide (olungapheliyo)
• Ukunxila ngamayeza
• Uxinzelelo olukhulu
• Isifo se-thyroid
• Ukunqongophala kweVitamin

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo zinokwenziwa:

• Inqanaba le-B12
• Inqanaba le-ammonia yegazi
• I-chemistry yegazi (chem-20)
• Uhlalutyo lwegesi
• Uhlalutyo lweCerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Amanqanaba eziyobisi okanye otywala (isikrini esinetyhefu)
• I-Electroencephalograph (i-EEG)
• Intloko ye-CT
• Uvavanyo lobume bengqondo
• I-MRI yentloko
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi we-thyroid, kubandakanya i-thyroid ekhuthaza i-hormone (TSH)
• Inqanaba lehomoni elikhuthazayo
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo

Unyango luxhomekeke kwimeko ebangela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele okwexeshana.

Ngamanye amaxesha, iyeza lesifo sengqondo lingenza ukudideka komntu kube kubi ngakumbi. Ukuyeka okanye ukutshintsha la mayeza kuyinxalenye yonyango.

Ukuzilolonga okuthile kwengqondo kunokunceda kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Ukunyanga iimeko ezinokubangela ukudideka kuhlala kuyiphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwengqondo. Ezi meko zibandakanya:

• Ukunqongophala kwegazi
• Ukunciphisa ioksijini yegazi (hypoxia)
• Uxinzelelo
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Usulelo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesondlo
• Iingxaki ze-thyroid

Amayeza angasetyenziselwa:

• Nciphisa izinga apho iimpawu ziba zibi ngakumbi, nangona ukuphucula ngala machiza kunokuba kuncinci
• Lawula iingxaki ngokuziphatha, njengokulahleka komgwebo okanye ukudideka

Umntu onesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo uyakufuna inkxaso ekhayeni kuba esi sifo siya sisiba mandundu. Amalungu osapho okanye abanye abanonopheli banokunceda ngokunceda umntu ukuba ahlangabezane nokulahleka kwememori kunye nokuziphatha kunye neengxaki zokulala. Kubalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba amakhaya abantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo akhuselekile kubo.

Abantu abane-MCI abasoloko bephuhlisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Xa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sisenzeka, siba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sihlala sinciphisa umgangatho wobomi kunye nexesha lokuphila. Iintsapho kuya kufuneka ukuba zicwangcise ukhathalelo lwexesha elizayo lomntu zibathandayo.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi siyakhula okanye utshintsho ngesiquphe kubume bengqondo luyenzeka
• Imeko yomntu onesifo sengqondo esiyingozi iba mandundu
• Awunakho ukukhathalela umntu onesifo sengqondo esiyingozi ekhaya

Uninzi lwezizathu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo alunakuthintelwa.

Umngcipheko we-dementia ye-vascular dementia ungancitshiswa ngokuthintela ukubetha nge:

• Ukutya ukutya okusempilweni
• Ukuzivocavoca
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya
• Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• Ukulawula isifo seswekile

Ingqondo engapheliyo; Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo; I-DLB; Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi semithambo; Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuphakathi; I-MCI

• Ukunxibelelana nomntu one-aphasia
• Ukunxibelelana nomntu one-dysarthria
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nokuqhuba
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo-indlela yokuziphatha kunye neengxaki zokulala
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo-ukhathalelo lwemihla ngemihla
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi-ukugcina sikhuselekile ekhaya
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi-yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho
• Ukutya iikhalori ezongezelelweyo xa ugula - abantu abadala
• Ukuthintela ukuwa

• Ingqondo
• Imithambo yengqondo

I-Knopman DS. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nezinye i-dementias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 374.

UPeterson R, uGraff-Radford J. Isifo i-Alzheimer kunye nezinye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: isahluko 95.

UPeteren RC, uLopez O, uAarmstrong MJ, et al. Isikhokelo sokuziqhelanisa nokuhlaziya isishwankathelo: ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuphakathi: ingxelo yoPhuculo lwesiKhokelo, ukuSasazwa, kunye neKomitana yokuPhumeza yeAmerican Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2018; 90 (3): 126-135. I-PMID: 29282327 ipapashwe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29282327.