Uvavanyo lweSwekile

Umxholo

• Ngubani omele avavanywe kwisifo seswekile?
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kwisifo seswekile
• Uvavanyo lwe-A1c
• Uvavanyo lweswekile lwegazi
• Ukuzila ukutya iswekile yovavanyo
• Uvavanyo lokunyamezelana ngeswekile yomlomo
• Ukuvavanywa komchamo kwisifo seswekile
• Uvavanyo lwesifo seswekile

Yintoni isifo seswekile?

Isifo seswekile yimeko echaphazela ukukwazi komzimba ukuvelisa okanye ukusebenzisa i-insulin. I-insulin inceda umzimba usebenzise iswekile yegazi kumandla. Isifo seswekile siphumela kwiswekile esegazini (iglucose yegazi) enyuka iye kumanqanaba aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, isifo seswekile sibangela ukonakala kwimithambo yegazi kunye ne-nerves, kubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• kunzima ukubona
• ukurhawuzelela nokuba ndindisholo ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• ukwanda kwengozi yesifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kuthetha ukuba ungaqala unyango kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuphila ngendlela esempilweni.

Ngubani omele avavanywe kwisifo seswekile?

Kumanqanaba ayo okuqala, isifo seswekile sinokubangela okanye singabangeli zimpawu zininzi. Kuya kufuneka uvavanywe ukuba unazo naziphi na iimpawu zokuqala ezenzeka ngamanye amaxesha, kubandakanya:

• ukunxanwa kakhulu
• ndiziva ndidiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha
• Ndiziva ndilambile kakhulu, nasemva kokutya
• ukuba nombono omfiliba
• ukuchama kaninzi kunesiqhelo
• ukuba nezilonda okanye ukusikeka okunganyangekiyo

Abanye abantu kufuneka bavavanyelwe isifo seswekile nangona bengafumani zimpawu. Umbutho we-American Diabetes Association (ADA) ucebisa ukuba ufumane uvavanyo lweswekile ukuba utyebe kakhulu (ubunzima bomzimba obungaphezulu kwama-25) kwaye uwele nakuliphi na kula macandelo:

• Ulobuhlanga obuphezulu (i-Afrika-yaseMelika, iLatino, iMelika yaseMelika, isiQithi sePasifiki, iAsia-American, phakathi kwabanye).
• Unoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, i-triglycerides ephezulu, i-cholesterol esezantsi ye-HDL, okanye isifo sentliziyo.
• Unembali yosapho yeswekile.
• Unembali yobuqu yenqanaba leswekile egazini okanye iimpawu zokumelana ne-insulin.
• Awubandakanyeki kwimisebenzi yomzimba eqhelekileyo.
• Ungumfazi onembali ye-polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS) okanye isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa.

I-ADA ikwacebisa ukuba wenze uvavanyo lokuqala lweswekile yegazi ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka yobudala engama-45. Oku kukunceda ukuba useke isiseko kumanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Ngenxa yokuba umngcipheko wesifo seswekile unyuka kunye nobudala, ukuvavanywa kunokukunceda ubone amathuba akho okuphuhlisa.

Uvavanyo lwegazi kwisifo seswekile

Uvavanyo lwe-A1c

Uvavanyo lwegazi luvumela ugqirha ukuba amisele amanqanaba eswekile yegazi emzimbeni. Uvavanyo lwe-A1c lolunye lwezona zixhaphakileyo kuba iziphumo zalo ziqikelela amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye awunyanzelekanga ukuba ukhawuleze.

Uvavanyo lukwaziwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin eglycated. Ilinganisa ukuba ingakanani iglucose ezinamathele kwiiseli ezibomvu emzimbeni wakho kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ezidlulileyo.

Kuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihlala ixesha elingangeenyanga ezintathu, uvavanyo lwe-A1c lulinganisa umyinge weswekile yegazi malunga neenyanga ezintathu. Uvavanyo lufuna ukuqokelelwa kuphela kwegazi elincinci. Iziphumo zilinganiswa ngepesenti:

• Iziphumo ezingaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-5.7 ziqhelekile.
• Iziphumo phakathi kwe-5.7 kunye ne-6.4 yeepesenti zibonisa i-prediabetes.
• Iziphumo ezilinganayo okanye ezingaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-6.5 zibonisa isifo seswekile.

Uvavanyo lwelebhu lubekwa mgangathweni-mnye yiNkqubo yeSizwe yeGlycohemoglobin Standardization Programme (NGSP). Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba yeyiphi na elebhu eyenza uvavanyo, iindlela zokuvavanya igazi ziyafana.

Ngokwe-National Institute of Diabetes kunye neDigestive and Kidney Diseases, ziimvavanyo kuphela ezivunyiweyo yi-NGSP ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo njengezichanekileyo ngokwaneleyo ukufumanisa isifo seswekile.

Abanye abantu banokuba neziphumo ezahlukeneyo besebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-A1c. Oku kubandakanya abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abantu abane-hemoglobin ekhethekileyo eyahlukileyo eyenza ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zingachaneki. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olunye uvavanyo lweswekile kwezi meko.

Uvavanyo lweswekile lwegazi

Uvavanyo lweswekile egazini ngokungahleliwe lubandakanya ukuzoba igazi ngalo naliphi na ixesha, nokuba ugqibele nini ukutya. Iziphumo ezilingana okanye ezingaphezulu kwe-200 milligram kwidesilitha nganye (mg / dL) zibonisa isifo seswekile.

Ukuzila ukutya iswekile yovavanyo

Ukuzila ukutya iimvavanyo zeswekile yegazi kubandakanya ukuba utsale igazi lakho emva kokuba uzile ukutya ubusuku bonke, nto leyo ethetha ukungadli iiyure ezisibhozo ukuya kwezili-12:

• Iziphumo ezingaphantsi kwe-100 mg / dL ziqhelekileyo.
• Iziphumo phakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-125 mg / dL zibonisa i-prediabetes.
• Iziphumo ezilinganayo okanye ezingaphezulu kwe-126 mg / dL emva kovavanyo ezimbini zibonisa isifo seswekile.

Uvavanyo lokunyamezelana ngeswekile yomlomo

Uvavanyo lomlomo lweswekile (OGTT) lwenzeka ngaphezulu kweeyure ezimbini. Iswekile yegazi lakho iyavavanywa ekuqaleni, emva koko unikwe isiselo esinoshukela. Emva kweeyure ezimbini, amanqanaba eswekile yegazi avavanywa kwakhona:

• Iziphumo ezingaphantsi kwe-140 mg / dL ziqhelekileyo.
• Iziphumo phakathi kwe-140 kunye ne-199 mg / dL zibonisa i-prediabetes.
• Iziphumo ezilinganayo okanye ezingaphezulu kwe-200 mg / dL zibonisa isifo seswekile.

Ukuvavanywa komchamo kwisifo seswekile

Uvavanyo lomchamo alusoloko lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo seswekile. Oogqirha bahlala bezisebenzisa ukuba bacinga ukuba unohlobo lwe-1 yeswekile. Umzimba uvelisa imizimba ye-ketone xa izicwili ezinamafutha zisetyenziselwa amandla endaweni yeswekile yegazi. Iilabhoratri zinokuvavanya umchamo kula mzimba we-ketone.

Ukuba imizimba ye-ketone ikhona kumodareyitha ukuya kwixabiso elikhulu kumchamo, oku kungabonisa ukuba umzimba wakho awuyenzi ngokwaneleyo i-insulin.

Uvavanyo lwesifo seswekile

Isifo seswekile sikamama sinokuvela xa umntu okhulelweyo ekhulelwe. I-ADA icebisa ukuba abantu ababhinqileyo abanobungozi kufuneka bavavanyelwe isifo seswekile kutyelelo lwabo lokuqala ukubona ukuba sele benesifo seswekile. Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa senzeka kwikota yesibini neyesithathu.

Oogqirha banokusebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini zovavanyo ukufumanisa isifo seswekile.

Okokuqala luvavanyo lokuqala lomngeni we-glucose. Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukusela isisombululo sesiraphu yeswekile. Igazi litsalwa emva kweyure ukulinganisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Iziphumo ze-130 ukuya kwi-140 mg / dL okanye ngaphantsi kuthathwa njengesiqhelo. Ukufunda okungaphezulu kwesiqhelo kubonisa isidingo sokuqhubeka kokuvavanywa.

Ukuvavanywa kokunyamezelwa kweswekile kubandakanya ukungatyi kwanto ubusuku bonke. Inqanaba lokuqala leswekile yegazi liyalinganiswa. Umama olindelweyo emva koko usele isisombululo esineswekile ephezulu. Iswekile yegazi emva koko ihlolwe iyure nganye iiyure ezintathu. Ukuba umntu obhinqileyo unezifundo ezibini nangaphezulu okanye ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba unesifo seswekile.

Uvavanyo lwesibini lubandakanya ukwenza uvavanyo lweeyure ezimbini zokunyamezelana kweswekile, efanayo nale ichazwe apha ngasentla. Ixabiso elinye elingaphandle koluhlu luya kuba kukuchonga isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa usebenzisa olu vavanyo.