I-Retinal detachment

I-Retinal detachment yokwahlula i-membrane ekhanyayo (i-retina) ngasemva kweliso kumaleko ayo axhasayo.

I-retina sisicubu esicacileyo esigcina ngaphakathi ngasemva kweliso. Imitha yokukhanya engena iliso ijolise kwi-cornea kunye nelensi kwimifanekiso eyenziwe kwi-retina.

• Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-retinal detachment luhlala lubangelwa kukukrazula okanye umgodi kwi-retina. Ulwelo lwamehlo lunokuvuza ngokuvula. Oku kubangela ukuba i-retina ihlukane nezicubu ezingaphantsi, kufana nebhola phantsi kwephepha lodonga. Oku kuhlala kubangelwa yimeko ebizwa ngokuba ngumva we-vitreous detachment. Inokubangelwa kukonzakala kunye nokubona okubi kakhulu. Imbali yosapho ye-retinal detachment inyusa umngcipheko.
• Olunye uhlobo lwe-retinal detachment lubizwa ngokuba yi-traffic detachment. Olu hlobo lwenzeka kubantu abanesifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo, abaye bahlinzwa ngaphambili, okanye banokudumba okungapheliyo.

Xa i-retina iye yahlulwa, ukuphuma kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi ekufutshane kunokulifaka ngaphakathi iliso ukuze ungaboni kakuhle okanye konke konke. Umbono ophakathi uyachaphazeleka kakhulu ukuba i-macula iyanqanyulwa. I-macula yinxalenye ye-retina ejongene nembono ebukhali, eneenkcukacha.

Iimpawu ze-retina efihliweyo inokubandakanya:

• Ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kokukhanya, ngakumbi kumbono womda.
• Umbono omfiliba.
• Imijelo emitsha esweni ebonakala ngesiquphe.
• Ukufiphaza okanye ukunciphisa umbono wombono obonakala ngathi ngumkhusane okanye umthunzi kumbono wakho.

Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho ntlungu ngaphakathi okanye ngeenxa zonke kweso.

Ugqirha wamehlo (ugqirha wamehlo) uya kuvavanya amehlo akho. Kuya kwenziwa uvavanyo lokujonga i-retina kunye nomfundi:

• Sebenzisa idayi ekhethekileyo kunye nekhamera ukujonga ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-retina (i-fluorescein angiography)
• Ukujonga uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwiso (tonometry)
• Ukuvavanya indawo engasemva yamehlo, kubandakanya i-retina (ophthalmoscopy)
• Ukujonga imigqaliselo yeglasi yeglasi (uvavanyo lokuthintela)
• Ukujonga umbono wombala
• Ukujonga oonobumba abancinci abanokufundwa (ukubonwa okuhle)
• Ukujonga izakhiwo ngaphambili kwamehlo (uviwo lwesibane)
• Ultrasound yamehlo

Uninzi lwabantu abane-retina detachment bafuna utyando. Utyando lunokwenziwa kwangoko okanye ngaphakathi kwexesha elifutshane emva kokuxilongwa. Ezinye iintlobo zotyando zinokwenziwa kwiofisi kagqirha wakho.

• I-Lasers inokusetyenziselwa ukutywina iinyembezi okanye imingxunya kwi-retina ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke i-retinal detachment.
• Ukuba une-detachment encinci, ugqirha unokubeka i-bubble yegesi kwiso. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-pneumatic retinopexy. Inceda i-retina ibuye ibuyele endaweni yayo. Umngxuma utywinwe nge-laser.

Amacandelo amakhulu afuna utyando esibhedlele. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya:

• I-Scleral buckle yokutyhala ngobunono udonga lwamehlo nxamnye ne-retina
• I-Vitrectomy ukususa i-gel okanye izicubu ezibomvu kwi-retina, esetyenziselwa iinyembezi ezinkulu kunye nezixhobo

Ukufunyanwa kwetrektara kwitreinal kunokujongwa okwethutyana ngaphambi kotyando. Ukuba kufuneka utyando, i-vitrectomy idla ngokwenziwa.

Wenze kakuhle kangakanani emva kokuqina kwe-retinal kuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nobungakanani beqela kunye nonyango kwangoko. Ukuba i-macula ayonakalanga, imbonakalo ngonyango inokubalasela.

Ukulungiswa ngempumelelo kweretina akusoloko kubuyisa ngokupheleleyo umbono.

Ezinye izixhobo azinakulungiswa.

Isixhobo sokubuyisa somzimba sibangela ukulahleka kombono. Ugqirha ukuze uyilungise kunokunceda ukubuyisela ezinye okanye wonke umbono wakho.

Isixhobo se-retinal detachment yingxaki engxamisekileyo efuna unyango ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 zeempawu zokuqala zokukhanya okutsha kunye neetafile.

Sebenzisa ukuthwala kwamehlo ukukhusela ukukhathazeka kwamehlo. Lawula iswekile yegazi lakho ngononophelo ukuba unesifo seswekile. Jonga ingcali yokhathalelo lwamehlo kanye ngonyaka. Unokufuna ukutyelelwa rhoqo rhoqo ukuba unemingcipheko yokufunyanwa kwe-retina. Qaphela iimpawu zokukhanya okutsha kunye neetafile.

I-retina egciniweyo

• Iliso
• Uvavanyo lwesibane

Iwebhusayithi yaseAmerican Academy yeOphthalmology. Izikhokelo zePateni yokuSebenza ekhethiweyo. I-poster vitreous detachment, i-retinal break, kunye ne-lattice degeneration PPP 2019. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/posterior-vitreous-detachment-retinal-breaks-latti. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Okthobha i-2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 13, 2020.

Isalmon JF. I-Retinal detachment. Ku: Isalmon JF, ed. I-Ophthalmology yeklinikhi yaseKanski. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 16.

IWickham L, iAylward GW. Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokulungiswa kweqela le-retinal. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, ii-eds. URetina kaRyan. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 109.