Kutheni iCholesterol yokutya ingabalulekanga (kuninzi lwabantu)

Umxholo

• Yintoni icholesterol?
• Cholesterol kunye nelopoproteins
• Ubuninzi be-lipoprotein (LDL)
• Ubuninzi be-lipoprotein (HDL)
• I-cholesterol yokutya iyichaphazela njani i-cholesterol yegazi?
• I-cholesterol yokutya kunye nesifo senhliziyo
• Uphando olukumgangatho ophezulu alufumani khonkco kwisifo sentliziyo
• Ngaba kufuneka uphephe ukutya okune-cholesterol ephezulu?
• Iindlela zokunciphisa i-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi
• Umgca wezantsi

Ushwankathelo

Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini ayaziwa njengomngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Kumashumi eminyaka, abantu baxelelwe ukuba i-cholesterol yokutya ekutyeni inyusa amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini kwaye ibangela isifo sentliziyo.

Le ngcamango inokuba isisigqibo esinengqiqo esekelwe kwisayensi ekhoyo kwiminyaka engama-50 edlulileyo, kodwa bhetele, ubungqina bwakutshanje abuxhasi.

Eli nqaku lijonga ngokusondeleyo kuphando lwangoku kwi-cholesterol yokutya kunye nendima eyidlalayo kumanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini nakwisifo sentliziyo.

Yintoni icholesterol?

Ikholesterol yinyibiliko, enjengeoli enamafutha eyenzeka ngokwendalo emzimbeni wakho.

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba icholesterol iyingozi, kodwa inyani kukuba kubalulekile ukuba umzimba wakho usebenze.

Ikholesterolini inegalelo kulwakhiwo lwembewu yeseli nganye emzimbeni wakho.

Umzimba wakho uyakudinga ukwenza iihomoni kunye nevithamini D, kunye nokwenza eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ukubeka nje, ngekhe uphile ngaphandle kwayo.

Umzimba wakho wenza yonke i-cholesterol oyifunayo, kodwa ikwangenisa isixa esincinci se-cholesterol ekutyeni okuthile, njengamaqanda, inyama, kunye neemveliso zobisi ezinamafutha apheleleyo.

Ikholesterol yinto enetyhefu, efana namanqatha ukuba abantu bafuna ukuphila. Umzimba wakho wenza icholesterol kwaye uyifunxa kukutya okutyayo.

Cholesterol kunye nelopoproteins

Xa abantu bethetha ngecholesterol ngokunxulumene nempilo yentliziyo, bahlala bengathethi ngecolesterol uqobo.

Babhekisa kwii-lipoproteins -izakhiwo ezithwala i-cholesterol egazini.

IiLipoproteins zenziwe ngamanqatha (lipid) ngaphakathi kunye neeprotein ngaphandle.

Kukho iindidi ezininzi zeelopoprotein, kodwa ezona zibalulekileyo kwimpilo yentliziyo zii-lipoprotein (LDL) kunye ne-lipoprotein (HDL) ephezulu.

Ubuninzi be-lipoprotein (LDL)

I-LDL ine-60-70% yeepoprotein zegazi zizonke kwaye linoxanduva lokuthwala amasuntswana e-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol "embi", njengoko inxulunyaniswe ne-atherosclerosis, okanye i-plaque ekwakhiweni kwemithambo.

Ukuba ne-cholesterol eninzi ephethwe yi-LDL lipoproteins inxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko owandayo wesifo sentliziyo. Ngapha koko, ukuphakama kwenqanaba, kokukhona umngcipheko (,).

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-LDL, ubukhulu becala ezaphukileyo ngokobungakanani. Zihlala zihlelwa njengezincinci, ezixineneyo ze-LDL okanye i-LDL enkulu.

Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba abantu abanamasuntswana amancinci asemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunabo banamasuntswana amakhulu ().

Okwangoku, ubungakanani bamasuntswana e-LDL ayisiyiyo eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu emngciphekweni- linani lazo. Lo mlinganiselo ubizwa ngokuba yinombolo yamasuntswana e-LDL, okanye i-LDL-P.

Ngokubanzi, kokukhona liphezulu inani lamasuntswana e-LDL onawo, kokukhona umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo umkhulu.

Ubuninzi be-lipoprotein (HDL)

I-HDL ithatha i-cholesterol engaphezulu komzimba wakho kwaye iyibuyisele kwisibindi sakho, apho inokusetyenziswa okanye ikhutshwe khona.

Obunye ubungqina bubonisa ukuba i-HDL ikhusela kulwakhiwo lweplaka ngaphakathi kwimithambo yakho (4,).

Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol "elungileyo", njengokuba ne-cholesterol ethwalwa ngamasuntswana e-HDL inxulunyaniswa nokwehla komngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo (,,).

Iilipoproteins ngamasuntswana athwala i-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho. Inqanaba eliphezulu le-LDL lipoproteins linxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko omkhulu wesifo sentliziyo, ngelixa inqanaba eliphezulu le-HDL lipoproteins linciphisa umngcipheko.

I-cholesterol yokutya iyichaphazela njani i-cholesterol yegazi?

Inani lecholesterol ekudleni kwakho kunye nomthamo wecholesterol egazini lakho zizinto ezahluke kakhulu.

Nangona kusenokubonakala kusengqiqweni ukuba ukutya icholesterol kunganyusa amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini, ihlala ingasebenzi ngaloo ndlela.

Umzimba ulawula ngokuqinileyo isixa secholesterol esegazini ngokulawula ukuveliswa kwayo kwecholesterol.

Xa ukutya okutyayo kwecholesterol kuyehla, umzimba wakho wenza okungaphezulu. Xa usitya izixa ezikhulu ze-cholesterol, umzimba wakho wenza kancinci. Ngenxa yoku, ukutya okuphezulu kwi-cholesterol yokutya kunefuthe elincinci kumanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini kuninzi lwabantu (,,,).

Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, ukutya okune-cholesterol ephezulu kunyusa amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini. Aba bantu benza malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zabemi kwaye bahlala bebizwa ngokuba "ngabachasayo." Olu tyekelo luthathwa njengofuzo (,).

Nangona i-cholesterol yokutya inyusa i-LDL kwaba bantu, akubonakali ngathi inyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo (,).

Kungenxa yokuba ukwanda ngokubanzi kwamasuntswana e-LDL kubonisa ukwanda kwamasuntswana e-LDL- hayi encinci, eshinyeneyo yeLDL. Ngapha koko, abantu abanee-LDL ezinkulu kakhulu banomngcipheko ophantsi wesifo sentliziyo ().

Ii-Hyperresponders zikwanamava okonyuka kwamasuntswana e-HDL, okususa ukwanda kwe-LDL ngokuhambisa i-cholesterol egqithisileyo esibindini ukuze isuswe emzimbeni ().

Kananjalo, ngelixa amava e-hyperresponders ephakamisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol xa esonyusa i-cholesterol yawo yokutya, umlinganiso we-LDL ukuya kwi-cholesterol ye-HDL kwaba bantu ihlala injalo kwaye umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo awubonakali unyuka.

Ewe kunjalo, kuhlala kukho ukungabikho kwisondlo, kwaye abanye abantu banokubona iziphumo ezibi ekutyeni ukutya okune-cholesterol eninzi.

Uninzi lwabantu lunokuziqhelanisa nokutya okuphezulu kwecholesterol. Ke, i-cholesterol yokutya ayinampembelelo incinci kumanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini.

I-cholesterol yokutya kunye nesifo senhliziyo

Ngokuchasene nenkolelo edumileyo, isifo sentliziyo asibangelwa kuphela yi-cholesterol.

Zininzi izinto ezibandakanyekileyo kwesi sifo, kubandakanya ukudumba, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokutshaya.

Ngelixa isifo sentliziyo sihlala siqhutywa zii-lipoproteins ezithwala i-cholesterol ejikeleze, i-cholesterol yokutya, yona ngokwayo ayinampembelelo koku.

Nangona kunjalo, ukupheka okuphezulu kobushushu bokutya okune-cholesterol enokubangela ukwenziwa kwe-oxysterols ().

Izazinzulu ziye zacinga ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu egazi e-oxysterols anokuba negalelo kuphuhliso lwesifo sentliziyo, kodwa ubungqina obongezelelweyo buyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba kufikelelwe kwisigqibo esomeleleyo ().

Uphando olukumgangatho ophezulu alufumani khonkco kwisifo sentliziyo

Izifundo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zibonise ukuba i-cholesterol ekutyeni ayinxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo (,).

Uninzi lophando lwenziwe kumaqanda ngokukodwa. Amaqanda angumthombo obalulekileyo we-cholesterol yokutya, kodwa izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ukuzitya akunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophakamileyo wesifo sentliziyo (,,,,).

Ngaphezulu, amaqanda anokukunceda ukuphucula iiprofayili zakho zeepopoprotein, ezinokunciphisa umngcipheko.

Olunye uphononongo luthelekise iimpembelelo zamaqanda apheleleyo kunye neqanda elingenaqanda elingena-yolk kumanqanaba e-cholesterol.

Abantu abatye amaqanda amathathu apheleleyo ngemini bafumana ukonyuka okukhulu kwamasuntswana e-HDL kunye nokwehla okukhulu kwamasuntswana e-LDL kunabo basebenzise inani elilinganayo leqanda ().

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukutya amaqanda kungabeka umngcipheko kwabo banesifo seswekile, ubuncinci kwimeko yokutya okuqhelekileyo kwaseNtshona. Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukwanda komngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kubantu abanesifo seswekile abatya amaqanda ().

I-cholesterol yokutya ayihambelani nomngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo. Ukutya okune-cholesterol ephezulu njengamaqanda kubonisiwe kukhuselekile kwaye kusempilweni.

Ngaba kufuneka uphephe ukutya okune-cholesterol ephezulu?

Kwiminyaka, abantu baxelelwe ukuba ukutya kakhulu i-cholesterol kunokubangela isifo sentliziyo.

Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezichazwe apha ngasentla zikwenze kwacaca ukuba oku akunjalo ().

Ukutya okuninzi okune-cholesterol eninzi nako kuphakathi kokutya okunesondlo emhlabeni.

Oku kubandakanya inyama yenkomo etyiswe ngengca, amaqanda apheleleyo, iimveliso ezinobisi ezinamafutha apheleleyo, ioyile yentlanzi, iqokobhe, isardadi kunye nesibindi.

Uninzi loku kutya kukwanamafutha amaninzi. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukutshintsha amanqatha atya ukutya okunamafutha nge polyunsaturated fat kunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo ().

Indima enokubakho yamafutha agcweleyo kuphuhliso lwesifo sentliziyo ngenye indlela inempikiswano ().

Uninzi lokutya okuphezulu kwi-cholesterol nayo inezondlo eziphezulu. Oku kubandakanya amaqanda apheleleyo, ioyile yeentlanzi, iisardadi kunye nesibindi.

Iindlela zokunciphisa i-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi

Ukuba une-cholesterol ephezulu, unokuyihlisa ngokutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo.

Umzekelo, ukunciphisa ubunzima obungaphezulu kunokunceda ukuguqula i-cholesterol ephezulu.

Izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba ukuthoba umzimba ngokuthobekileyo nge-5-10% kunokunciphisa i-cholesterol kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kubantu abanobunzima obugqithisileyo (,,,,).

Kwakhona, ukutya okuninzi kunokunceda ukunciphisa i-cholesterol. Oku kubandakanya iavokhado, iimbotyi, amandongomane, ukutya kwesoya, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno (,,,).

Ukongeza oku kutya kwindlela otya ngayo kunokunceda ukuthoba i-cholesterol kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Ukusebenza ngokwasemzimbeni kubalulekile. Izifundo zibonise ukuba umthambo uphucula amanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye nempilo yentliziyo (,,).

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-cholesterol ephezulu ingancitshiswa ngokwenza utshintsho olulula kwindlela ophila ngayo. Ukuphulukana nobunzima obongezelelweyo, ukwandisa ukusebenza komzimba, kunye nokutya ukutya okusempilweni konke kunokunceda ukuthoba i-cholesterol kunye nokuphucula impilo yentliziyo.

Umgca wezantsi

Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini angumngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Nangona kunjalo, i-cholesterol yokutya ayinampembelelo kumanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini kuninzi lwabantu.

Okubaluleke ngakumbi, akukho nxu lumano phakathi kwecholesterol oyityayo kunye nomngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.