Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye ne-ADD?

Umxholo

• Iindidi ze-ADHD
• Ngqalelo
• Hyperactivity kunye nokunyanzeliswa
• Ezinye iimpawu
• I-ADHD yabantu abadala
• Ubunzima
• Yise kude
• Imibuzo neempendulo
• Q:
• A:

Ushwankathelo

Ukungahambi kakuhle kwengqondo kwi-ADHD yenye yezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo kubantwana. I-ADHD ligama elibanzi, kwaye imeko inokwahluka ukusuka komnye umntu uye komnye. Kukho abantwana abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ezi-6.4 e-United States, ngokuka.

Le meko ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba kukusilela kwengqwalaselo (ADD), kodwa eli lixesha elidlulileyo. Eli gama lalikhe lasetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kumntu owayenengxaki yokujolisa kodwa wayengasebenzi. Umbutho waseAmerican Psychiatric Association ukhuphe iDiagnostic kunye ne-Statistical Manual yeNgqondo yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo, uHlelo lwesihlanu (DSM-5) ngoMeyi 2013. I-DSM-5 itshintshe indlela yokufumanisa umntu one-ADHD.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neentlobo kunye neempawu ze-ADHD.

Iindidi ze-ADHD

Zintathu iintlobo ze-ADHD:

1. Ukunganikeli ngqalelo

Ukungakhathaleli i-ADHD yinto edla ngokuthethwa xa umntu esebenzisa igama elithi ADD. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu ubonakalisa iimpawu ezaneleyo zokungakhathaleli (okanye ukuphazamiseka lula) kodwa akangonobungozi okanye ongxamisekileyo.

2. Ukusebenza kakhulu / ukungxamiseka

Olu hlobo lwenzeka xa umntu eneempawu zokungakhathali kunye nokungxamiseka kodwa enganikeli ngqalelo.

3. Idibeneyo

Ukudityaniswa kwe-ADHD kuxa umntu eneempawu zokungakhathalelwa, i-hyperactivity kunye nokungxamiseka.

Ngqalelo

Ukuhoya, okanye ingxaki yokugxila, lolunye uphawu lwe-ADHD. Ugqirha unokufumanisa ukuba umntwana akanakukhathalela ukuba umntwana:

• iphazamiseka lula
• iyalibala, nakwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla
• akakwazi ukunika ingqwalaselo kufutshane kwiinkcukacha emsebenzini wesikolo okanye kwezinye izinto kwaye wenza iimpazamo zokungakhathali
• unengxaki yokugcina ingqalelo kwimisebenzi okanye kwimisebenzi
• Uyasihoya isithethi, nokuba sithetha ngqo
• ayilandeli imiyalelo
• uyasilela ukugqiba umsebenzi wesikolo okanye imisebenzi yasekhaya
• iphulukana nokugxila okanye ilandelwa ngokulula kwicala
• unengxaki nombutho
• ayithandi kwaye iyayiphepha imisebenzi efuna ixesha elide lomzamo wengqondo, njengomsebenzi wesikolo
• iphulukana nezinto ezibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi nakwimisebenzi

Hyperactivity kunye nokunyanzeliswa

Ugqirha unokufumanisa ukuba umntwana une-hyperactive okanye i-impulsive ukuba umntwana:

• kubonakala ngathi kuhlala kusendleleni
• uthetha kakhulu
• Unobunzima obunzima bokulinda ithuba labo
• baxhuma esihlalweni sabo, bacofa izandla okanye iinyawo, okanye iifidgets
• uphakama esihlalweni xa kulindeleke ukuba ahlale phantsi
• ubaleka ujikeleza okanye unyuka kwiindawo ezingafanelekanga
• engakwazi ukudlala ngokuzolileyo okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezolonwabo
• ukhupha impendulo ngaphambi kokuba umntu agqibe ukubuza umbuzo
• ungenelela kwaye uphazamisa abanye rhoqo

Ezinye iimpawu

Ukungaqwalaseli, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, kunye nokunyanzeliswa ziimpawu ezibalulekileyo zokuchongwa kwe-ADHD. Ukongeza, umntwana okanye umntu omdala kufuneka ahlangabeze ezi ndlela zilandelayo ukuze afunyaniswe ene-ADHD:

• ibonisa iimpawu ezininzi ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12
• ineempawu ezingaphezulu kwesinye, ezinje ngesikolo, ekhaya, nabahlobo, okanye ngezinye izinto
• ibonisa ubungqina obucacileyo bokuthi iimpawu ziphazamisa ukusebenza kwazo esikolweni, emsebenzini, okanye kwiimeko zentlalo
• ineempawu ezingachazwanga yenye imeko, ezinje ngeemood okanye ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo

I-ADHD yabantu abadala

Abantu abadala abane-ADHD bahlala benesifo ukusukela ebuntwaneni, kodwa isenokungafunyanwa kude kube kamva ebomini. Uvavanyo luhlala luvela ngokunyanzelwa ngontanga, ilungu losapho, okanye umntu osebenza naye ojonga iingxaki emsebenzini okanye kubudlelwane.

Abantu abadala banokuba nazo naziphi na iindidi ezintathu ze-ADHD. Iimpawu zabantu abadala ze-ADHD zingohluka kwezo zabantwana ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwabantu abadala, kunye nokwahluka ngokwasemzimbeni phakathi kwabantu abadala nabantwana.

Ubunzima

Iimpawu ze-ADHD zinokuhluka ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima, kuxhomekeke kubume bomntu obukhethekileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Abanye abantu abanomdla okanye abanomdla xa benza umsebenzi abangayithandiyo, kodwa banako ukugxila kwimisebenzi abayithandayo. Abanye banokufumana iimpawu ezinzima. Oku kunokuchaphazela isikolo, umsebenzi, kunye neemeko zentlalo.

Iimpawu zihlala zizinzima ngakumbi kwiimeko zeqela ezingacwangciswanga kunakwimeko eyakhiweyo enemivuzo. Umzekelo, indawo yokudlala yimeko yeqela engacwangciswanga. Igumbi lokufundela linokumela imeko eyakhiweyo kunye esekwe kumvuzo.

Ezinye iimeko, ezinje ngokudakumba, unxunguphalo, okanye ukukhubazeka ekufundeni kunokwenza mandundu iimpawu.

Abanye abantu baxela ukuba iimpawu zihamba kunye nobudala. Umntu omdala one-ADHD owayedlamkile njengomntwana unokufumanisa ukuba ngoku bayakwazi ukuhlala phantsi okanye bathintele ukungxamiseka.

Yise kude

Ukuchonga uhlobo lwakho lwe-ADHD kukubeka inyathelo elinye kufutshane ekufumaneni unyango olululo. Qiniseka ukuba uxoxa ngazo zonke iimpawu zakho nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Imibuzo neempendulo

Q:

Ngaba umntwana "angaphuma" kwi-ADHD okanye uya kuqhubeka ebudaleni ukuba ushiywe enganyangwa?

Isigulana esingaziwayo

A:

Ukucinga okwangoku kuphakamisa ukuba njengoko umntwana ekhula, ikortex yangaphambili ikhula kwaye ikhule nayo. Oku kunciphisa iimpawu. Kucetyisiwe ukuba malunga nesinye kwisithathu sabantu abasenazo iimpawu ze-ADHD xa bebadala. Abanye banokuqhubeka nokuba neempawu, kodwa ezi zinokuba mandundu kunezo ziphawulwe ebuntwaneni nasebusheni.

UTimothy J. Legg, PhD, CRNPAIimpendulo zimele uluvo lweengcali zethu zonyango. Yonke imixholo inolwazi ngokungqongqo kwaye akufuneki ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo njengengcebiso yezonyango.