Yintoni i-diphtheria, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zediphtheria
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwediphtheria
• Ungaluthintela njani usulelo

IDiphtheria sisifo esinqabileyo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane I-Corynebacterium diphtheriae ebangela ukudumba nokwenzakala kwendlela yokuphefumla, kwaye inokuchaphazela ulusu, ukuba rhoqo kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-1 ne-4 ubudala, nangona inokwenzeka kuyo yonke iminyaka.

Le ntsholongwane iyakwazi ukuvelisa ityhefu edlulela egazini kwaye enokufikelela kumalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba, kodwa echaphazela mpumlo, umqala, ulwimi kunye neendlela zomoya. Ngokungaqhelekanga, iityhefu zinokuchaphazela amanye amalungu anjengentliziyo, ingqondo okanye izintso, umzekelo.

I-Diphtheria inokusasazeka ngokulula ukusuka emntwini iye emntwini ngokuphefumlela amathontsi anqunyanyisiweyo emoyeni xa umntu one-diphtheria ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Kubalulekile ukuba uxilongo lwenziwe kwakamsinya emva kokuvela kweempawu zokuqala, njengoko ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba uqalise ngonyango ngokwesindululo sikagqirha oqhelekileyo okanye ugqirha osulelekileyo.

Iimpawu zediphtheria

Iimpawu zediphtheria zinokuvela kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 emva kokudibana neebhaktiriya kwaye zihlala zihlala ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10, ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Ukuqulunqwa kwamacwecwe angwevu kummandla weetoni;
• Ukudumba kunye nomqala obuhlungu, ngakumbi xa uginya;
• Ukudumba kwentamo ngamanzi abuhlungu;
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu, ungaphezulu kwama-38ºC;
• Impumlo egobileyo inegazi;
• Amanxeba kunye namabala abomvu eluswini;
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kulusu ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini egazini;
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• Coryza;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Kunzima ukuphefumla.

Kubalulekile ukuba umntu asiwe kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane okanye esibhedlele kwakamsinya zakuvela iimpawu zokuqala zediphtheria, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuba kuya kwenziwa uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa isifo kwaye, ke, ukuqala olona nyango lufanelekileyo. , ukunqanda ukwanda kwesi sifo kunye nokusasazeka kwabanye abantu.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ngokwesiqhelo ukuxilongwa kwe-diphtheria kuqaliswa kuvavanyo lomzimba, olwenziwa ngugqirha, kodwa iimvavanyo zisenokuyalelwa ukuba ziqinisekise usulelo. Yiyo loo nto kuqhelekile ukuba ugqirha ayalele uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nenkcubeko yokufihla umqala, ekufuneka ivele kwelinye lamacwecwe akhoyo emqaleni kwaye kufuneka iqokelelwe yingcali eqeqeshiweyo.

Inkcubeko yokufihla umqala emqaleni ijolise ekuchongeni ubukho bentsholongwane kwaye, xa kufanelekile, kwenziwa i-antibiotiki yokuchaza ukuba yeyiphi eyona ntsholongwane ilungele ukunyanga usulelo. Ngenxa yokukwazi ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwegazi, ugqirha unokucela inkcubeko yegazi ukuba ichonge ukuba ngaba usulelo sele lufikile egazini.

Unyango lwediphtheria

Unyango lwe-diphtheria kufuneka luhlale lukhokelwa ngugqirha, oqhele ukuba ngugqirha wabantwana, kuba sisifo esixhaphakileyo ebantwaneni, nangona sinokucetyiswa ngugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye isifo esosulelayo kwezinye iimeko. Ekuqaleni, unyango lwenziwa ngenaliti ye-diphtheria antitoxin, eyinto ekwaziyo ukunciphisa isiphumo seetyhefu ezikhutshwe yintsholongwane ye-diphtheria emzimbeni, ngokukhawuleza ukuphucula iimpawu kunye nokuququzelela ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Nangona kunjalo, unyango kusafuneka lincediswe:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ngesiqhelo i-Erythromycin okanye iPenicillin: enokulawulwa ngohlobo lweepilisi okanye ngenaliti, kangangeentsuku ezili-14;
• Isigqumathelo seoksijini: isetyenziswa xa umphefumlo uchaphazeleka kukudumba komqala, ukwandisa inani leoksijini emzimbeni;
• Unyango lomkhuhlane, njengeParacetamol: ukunceda ukuthoba iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni, ukukhulula ukungonwabi kunye nentloko ebuhlungu.

Ukongeza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntu, okanye umntwana, one-diphtheria ahlale ekuphumleni ubuncinci iintsuku ezi-2, ukuququzelela ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo, ukongeza ekuseleni ulwelo oluninzi emini ukugcina umzimba uphile kakuhle.

Xa kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokudlulisela esi sifo kwabanye abantu, okanye xa iimpawu zomelele kakhulu, ugqirha unokukucebisa ukuba wenze unyango xa usesibhedlele, kwaye kusenokwenzeka nokuba uhlale kwigumbi elizimeleyo, ukunqanda ukuhanjiswa kwebhaktheriya.

Ungaluthintela njani usulelo

Eyona ndlela iphambili yokuthintela i-diphtheria kukugonya, okuthi, ukongeza ekukhuseleni isifo somqala, sikhusela nxamnye ne-tetanus kunye nokukhohlela. Eli yeza kufuneka lisetyenziswe ngeedosi ezintathu, kucetyiswa ngalo iinyanga ezi-2, ezi-4 kunye nee-6, kwaye kufuneka linyuswe phakathi kweenyanga ezili-15 ukuya kwezili-18 ze liphinde libe phakathi kweenyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5. Jonga ezinye iinkcukacha malunga ne-diphtheria, tetanus kunye ne-pertussis vaccine.

Ukuba umntu uye wadibana nesigulana esine-diphtheria, kubalulekile ukuba uye esibhedlele uyokufaka inaliti ye-diphtheria antitoxin kwaye ke, ukuthintela ukwanda kunye nokusasazeka kwesi sifo kwabanye abantu. Ngaphandle kokuxhaphaka kakhulu ebantwaneni, abantu abadala abangenalo iyeza lokulwa i-diphtheria okanye amajoni omzimba abuthathaka, basengozini yokosulelwa ngu I-Corynebacterium diphtheriae.