I-Dystonia: yintoni, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili zedystonia
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• 1. Inaliti yeBotox
• 2. Unyango lwedystonia
• 3. I-Physiotherapy yedystonia
• 4. Utyando lwedystonia

I-Dystonia ibonakaliswa kukuphazamiseka kwemisipha okungazibandakanyi kunye ne-spasms engalawulekiyo, ehlala iphindaphindeka kwaye inokubangela ukuma okungaqhelekanga, okungaqhelekanga kunye nentlungu.

Ngokwesiqhelo, i-dystonia yemisipha ivela ngenxa yengxaki yengqondo kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo, enoxanduva lokulawula ukuhamba kwemisipha. Le ngxaki kwingqondo inokuba yimfuza okanye ivele ngenxa yesifo okanye ukwenzakala okunje ngokubetha, isifo sikaParkinson, ukuvuthela entloko okanye kwi-encephalitis.

I-Dystonia ayinyangeki, kodwa i-spasms ye-muscle inokulawulwa ngonyango, enokwenziwa ngenaliti ye-botulinum toxin, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-botox, iziyobisi, i-physiotherapy okanye utyando.

Iimpawu eziphambili zedystonia

Iimpawu zingahluka ngokwemimandla echaphazelekayo kunye nohlobo lwe-dystonia:

• I-dystonia eqinisekileyo: ichaphazela indawo enye kuphela yomzimba, ebangela ukuphambana okungazibandakanyiyo kunye nokudumba kwezihlunu ezichaphazelekayo. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo yidystonia yomlomo wesibeleko, echaphazela intamo, ibangela iimpawu ezinje ngokuthambeka okungafunekiyo kwentamo ngaphambili, ngasemva okanye ecaleni, ngentlungu nokuqina;
• Icandelo leDystonia: ichaphazela imimandla emibini okanye engaphezulu edityanisiweyo, njengemeko ye-oromandibular dystonia, echaphazela izihlunu zobuso, ulwimi kunye nomhlathi, kwaye inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kobuso kunye nokuvula okanye ukuvala umlomo ngokungazikhetheli;
• Imultifocal dystonia: ichaphazela imimandla emibini okanye engaphezulu yomzimba, engadibananga, njengengalo yasekhohlo kunye nomlenze wasekhohlo, umzekelo, ukubangela ukuphambana kwezihlunu okungazibandakanyiyo kwiqela lezihlunu ezichaphazelekayo;
• Idystonia ngokubanzi: ichaphazela i-trunk kwaye ubuncinci amanye amalungu omzimba. Ihlala iqala ebuntwaneni okanye kwinqanaba lokufikisa kwaye iqala ngokusikwa okungazibandakanyi kwilungu elinye lamalungu, athi ke athi saa kwamanye amalungu omzimba;

Ukongeza, umntu unokuba ne-hemidystonia, apho lonke icala lomzimba lichaphazeleka, kubangele ukungabikho ngokungazibandakanyi kunye nokuqina kwemisipha kulo lonke icala lomzimba.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-dystonia lunenjongo ephambili yokulawula ukungahambelani kwezihlunu kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuphucula ukubonakala komntu kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

Ukhetho lonyango kufuneka lwenziwe ngugqirha, ngokobunzima kunye nohlobo lwe-dystonia:

1. Inaliti yeBotox

I-Dystonia inokunyangwa ngenaliti ye-botulinum toxin, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-botox, kuba le nto inceda ukunciphisa ukungangxamiseki kwezihlunu zezihlunu ezibonisa esi sifo.

Inaliti yeBotox ilawulwa ngugqirha ngqo kwimisipha echaphazelekayo, ihlala iinyanga ezintathu kwaye kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukufumana iintlungu kwindawo yenaliti kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Ukongeza, inaliti ye-botox inokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kuxhomekeke kwindawo yenaliti, enjengobunzima bokuginya, kwimeko ye-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko, umzekelo.

2. Unyango lwedystonia

Unyango lweziyobisi kwi-dystonia lunokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• I-Levodopa kunye neCarbidopa: esetyenziselwa ukuphucula ii-spasms ezingazibandakanyi;
• I-Tetrabenazine: kubonisiwe kunyango lwezifo eziphawulwa kukungalawuleki okungahambi kakuhle;
• Triexiphenidyl: iyeza elichasene ne-anticholinergic, elisebenza ngokuthintela ukukhutshwa kwe-acetylcholine, ejongene nokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha;
• Baclofen: kunciphisa ukuqina kwemisipha kunye nokuhlaziya izihlunu;
• IDiazepam kunye nelorazepam: izihlunu ezikhuthazayo, ezikhuthaza ukuphumla kwezihlunu.

La machiza kufuneka amiselwe ngugqirha, kwaye idosi kunye nendlela yokusetyenziswa inokwahluka ngokobunzima be-dystonia.

3. I-Physiotherapy yedystonia

Unyango lwe-Physiotherapeutic ye-dystonia lubandakanya ukwenza imithambo ethile okanye iindlela zokunceda ukugcina intshukumo iyonke, ukuphucula ukuma komzimba, ukunciphisa iintlungu, ukunqanda ukunciphisa okanye ukunciphisa izihlunu ezichaphazelekayo, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi besigulana.

Ukongeza, i-physiotherapy inceda ukuthintela ukonwaba kwemisipha kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwe-botox, ngokuthomalalisa iintlungu okanye ukukhuthaza ukugwinya, umzekelo, ezinokuthi zonakaliswe nge-botox.

4. Utyando lwedystonia

Unyango lotyando lwe-dystonia lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezimbini:

• Ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo enzulu: Inezinto zokufakelwa kwee-electrode ngaphakathi kwengqondo ezinxibelelene nesixhobo esincinci, esifana nesixhobo sokwenza umthambo, esidla ngokuba sesuswini nesithumela iimpembelelo zombane kwingqondo, sinceda ukulawula ukushukuma kwezihlunu;
• Ukhetho lweparipheral deization: Iqukethe ukusika iziphelo zentsholongwane ezibangela ukuxhamla kwemisipha.

Olu khetho lotyando luhlala lusenziwa kuphela xa olunye unyango lungakhange lusebenze.