Isifo seChagas: iimpawu, umjikelo, ukuhanjiswa kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Ukuhanjiswa kwesifo seChagas
• Umnqa wobomi
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Inkqubela phambili yophando

Isifo i-Chagas, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-American trypanosomiasis, sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa sisidleleli I-Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Esi sifunxi-gazi sidla ngokuba nesinambuzane esiphakathi esaziwayo esaziwa ngokuba yi-barber kwaye, ngexesha lokuluma komntu, siyakhupha okanye sichame, sikhuphe isifunxi-gazi. Emva kokuluma, impendulo yesiqhelo yomntu kukukrwela indawo, nangona oku kuvumela T. cruzi emzimbeni nasekukhuleni kwesi sifo.

Usulelo kunye I-Trypanosoma cruzi inokuzisa iingxaki ezahlukeneyo kwimpilo yomntu, ezinjengesifo sentliziyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokwetyisa, umzekelo, ngenxa yesifo esinganyangekiyo.

Umchebi weenwele unomkhwa wasebusuku kwaye uzondla kuphela kwigazi lezilwanyana ezinomqolo. Esi sinambuzane sihlala sifumaneka kwimingxunya yezindlu ezenziwe ngomthi, iibhedi, oomatrasi, iidiphozithi, iindlwane zeentaka, iziqu zemithi, phakathi kwezinye iindawo, kwaye sinokukhetha kwiindawo ezikufutshane nomthombo wokutya.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Isifo seChagas sinokuhlelwa ngokwezigaba ezibini eziphambili, isigaba esibukhali nesingapheliyo. Kwinqanaba elibi kakhulu akukho ziimpawu, lihambelana nexesha apho i-parasite iphindaphindeka kwaye isasazeka ngokuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, ngakumbi ebantwaneni ngenxa yokomelela komzimba, ezinye iimpawu zinokuqatshelwa, ezona ziphambili yile:

• Umqondiso we-Romaña, kukudumba kweenkophe, ezibonisa ukuba i-parasite ingene emzimbeni;
• I-Chagoma, ehambelana nokudumba kwendawo yolusu kwaye ibonisa ukungena kwe T. cruzi emzimbeni;
• Ifiva;
• Malaise;
• Ukwanda kweendawo nkovu;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• Urhudo.

Isigaba esingapheliyo sesifo sikaChagas sihambelana nokukhula kwesidleleli kumalungu, ikakhulu intliziyo kunye nenkqubo yokwetyisa, kwaye akunakubangela zimpawu kangangeminyaka. Xa zibonakala, iimpawu ziba nzima, kwaye kunokubakho intliziyo eyandisiweyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypermegaly, ukusilela kwentliziyo, i-megacolon kunye ne-megaesophagus, umzekelo, ukongeza kwimeko yesibindi esandisiweyo kunye ne-spleen.

Iimpawu zesi sifo sikaChagas zihlala zivela phakathi kweentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-14 emva kokosulelwa sisidleleli, nangona kunjalo, xa usulelo lwenzeka ngokutya ukutya okosulelekileyo, iimpawu zinokubonakala emva kweentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezingama-22 emva kokosuleleka.

Ukuchongwa kwesifo sikaChagas kwenziwa ngugqirha ngokubhekisele kwinqanaba lesifo, idatha yezonyango-yesifo, njengendawo ahlala kuyo okanye ahambele kuyo kunye nendlela atya ngayo, kunye neempawu zangoku. Ukuxilongwa kwelabhoratri kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezivumela ukubonwa kwegama T. cruzi egazini, njengethontsi elingqindilili kunye ne-smear yegazi enamabala nguGiemsa.

Ukuhanjiswa kwesifo seChagas

Isifo i-Chagas sibangelwa sisidleleli I-Trypanosoma cruzi, Umamkeli wawo ophakathi ungumchebi wezinambuzane. Esi sinambuzane, nje ukuba sityise igazi, sinomkhwa wokuzikhupha kunye nokuchama kwangoko emva koko, sikhuphe isifunxi-gazi, kwaye xa umntu erhawuzayo, esi sifunxi-gazi siyakwazi ukungena emzimbeni sifike kwigazi, le yeyona ndlela iphambili ukosuleleka kwesi sifo.

Olunye uhlobo lokuhambisa kukutya okungcoliswe ngumchebi okanye ilindle, njengejusi yommoba okanye iaçaí. Esi sifo sinokudluliselwa ngokudluliselwa kwegazi elihlambulukileyo, okanye ngokuzalwa, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokubeleka.

O Rhodnius prolixus ikwayivenkile eyingozi yesi sifo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezikufutshane nehlathi elinemvula laseAmazon.

Umnqa wobomi

Umjikelo wobomi we I-Trypanosoma cruziIqala xa isifunxi-gazi singena egazini lomntu kwaye singene kwiiseli, siguquka sibe li-amastigote, eli lelo nqanaba lokukhula nokuphindaphindeka kwesi sidleleli. Ii-Amastigotes zinokuqhubeka nokuhlasela iiseli kwaye zande, kodwa zinokuguqulwa zibe zii-trypomastigotes, zitshabalalise iiseli kwaye zisasazwe egazini.

Umjikelo omtsha ungaqala xa umchebi eluma umntu osulelekileyo kwaye afumane esi sifunxi-gazi. Iimpawu ze-trypomastigotes kwindawo yokucheba iinwele ziguquka zibe zii-epimastigotes, zande kwaye zibuyele ekubeni zii-trypomastigotes, ezikhutshwa kwilindle lesi sinambuzane.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwesifo sikaChagas lunokwenziwa ekuqaleni kusetyenziswa amayeza kangangenyanga enye, enokusinyanga isifo okanye isithintele iingxaki zayo ngelixa i-parasite isegazini lomntu.

Kodwa abanye abantu abafikeleli kunyango lwesi sifo, kuba sisidleleli esishiya igazi kwaye siqala ukuhlala kwizicwili ezenza amalungu kwaye ngenxa yeso sizathu, esiba kukuhlaselwa okungapheliyo ingakumbi intliziyo kunye nenkqubo yovalo ngendlela ecothayo kodwa enenkqubela phambili. . Funda ngakumbi malunga nonyango lwezifo zeChagas.

Inkqubela phambili yophando

Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje, kwafunyaniswa ukuba iyeza elisetyenziselwa ukulwa imalariya lineziphumo I-Trypanosoma cruzi, Ukuthintela esi sifunxi-gazi ukuba singashiyi inkqubo yokugaya yokucheba kunye nokungcolisa abantu. Ukongeza, kwaqinisekiswa ukuba amaqanda abantu ababhinqileyo abanesifo awangcoliswanga T. cruzi kwaye baqala ukubeka amaqanda ambalwa.

Ngaphandle kweziphumo ezihle, eli chiza aliboniswanga kunyango lwesifo se-Chagas, kuba ukuze ube nesiphumo, kufuneka iidosi eziphezulu kakhulu, eziyityhefu ebantwini. Ke, abaphandi bafuna iziyobisi ngendlela efanayo okanye efanayo yokusebenza kwaye kwizinga eliphantsi kwityhefu yomzimba linempembelelo efanayo.