9 izifo eziqhelekileyo zentliziyo: iimpawu, oonobangela kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• 1. Uxinzelelo lwegazi
• 2. I-infarction ye-myocardial efanelekileyo
• 3. Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo
• 4. Isifo sentliziyo
• 5. I-Endocarditis
• 6. Iimpawu zentliziyo
• 7. Angina
• 8. Isifo seMyocarditis
• 9. IiValvulopathies
• Indlela yokuthintela isifo sentliziyo

Izifo zentliziyo siseti yeengxaki ezichaphazela intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi, kwaye eziye zikhule ngokuguga, zihlala zinxulumene nemikhwa engafanelekanga yokuphila, njengokutya okunamafutha aphezulu kunye nokungasebenzi komzimba, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, izifo zentliziyo inokuchongwa nasekuzalweni, njengoko kunjalo nakwizifo zentliziyo yokuzalwa.

Ukongeza, izifo zentliziyo zinokwenzeka ngenxa yosulelo lweentsholongwane, ifungi okanye ibhaktiriya, ezibangela ukudumba kwentliziyo, njengakwimeko ye-endocarditis kunye ne-myocarditis.

Kubalulekile ukuba izifo zentliziyo zinyangwe ngokufanelekileyo kuba, ukongeza ekubangeleni iimpawu ezingathandekiyo, njengokuphefumla kancinci, iintlungu esifubeni okanye ukudumba emzimbeni, zikwangoyena nobangela wokufa emhlabeni. Jonga iimpawu ezili-11 ezinokubonisa iingxaki zentliziyo.

1. Uxinzelelo lwegazi

Uxinzelelo lwegazi lubonakaliswa kukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi, kuhlala ngaphezulu kwe-130 x 80 mmHg, enokuthi ibe nefuthe ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwentliziyo. Le meko inokwenzeka ngenxa yokuguga, ukunqongophala kokuzilolonga, ukuzuza ubunzima okanye ukusebenzisa kakhulu ityuwa, umzekelo, nangona kunjalo uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokwenzeka ngenxa yezinye iimeko, ezinje ngesifo seswekile okanye isifo sezintso, umzekelo.

Ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi akuhlali kubangela iimpawu, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kunokuqapheleka kwezinye zazo, ezinje ngesiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, utshintsho kumbono kunye nentlungu esifubeni, umzekelo. Funda indlela yokufumanisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

UnyangoKucetyiswa ukuba ulandele uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nogqirha okanye ugqirha wentliziyo, njengoko kunokuba yimfuneko ukusebenzisa amayeza, ukongeza kwityuwa esezantsi yokutya.

Kukwabalulekile ukuziqhelanisa nemisebenzi yomzimba, ukunqande ukutshaya, ukusela ubuncinci iilitha ezi-2 zamanzi ngosuku kwaye ujonge uxinzelelo rhoqo. Ukuba uxinzelelo luhlala luphezulu nkqu nonyango olucetyiswayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubuyele kugqirha wezifo zentliziyo ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo olutsha kunye nonyango olulungisiweyo.

2. I-infarction ye-myocardial efanelekileyo

I-Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), okanye isifo sentliziyo, senzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi liye entliziyweni, ixesha elininzi ngenxa yokufumba kwamafutha kwimithambo yentliziyo. Olona phawu luphawu lokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo yintlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni enokuqaqamba engalweni, kodwa kunokubakho nesiyezi, ukubila nokubanda.

Unyango: Kwiimeko zokukrokrelwa okukrokrelayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuqaliswe unyango ngamachiza athintela ukwenziwa kwamahlwili kunye nokuthanda ukuhamba kwegazi. Kwezinye iimeko, utyando olungxamisekileyo lusenokufuneka. Qonda ukuba lwenziwa njani unyango lwe-infarction.

Emva konyango olungxamisekileyo, kubalulekile ukulandela izikhokelo zonyango, ukuthatha amayeza rhoqo kunye nokwamkela imikhwa esempilweni, njengokuziqhelanisa nokwenza umthambo rhoqo kunye nokutya okuneoli eninzi kunye neziqhamo nemifuno.

3. Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo

Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanexinzelelo lwegazi, oko kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni imisipha yentliziyo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ubunzima bokumpompa igazi emzimbeni. Iimpawu eziphambili ezinxulunyaniswa nokusilela kwentliziyo kukudinwa okuqhubekayo, ukudumba emilenzeni nasezinyaweni, ukukhohlela owomileyo ebusuku kunye nokuphefumla kancinci.

Unyango: kufuneka iboniswe ngugqirha wezifo zentliziyo, kodwa ihlala isenziwa kusetyenziswa amayeza anciphisa uxinzelelo, anje nge-Enalapril kunye ne-Lisinopril, umzekelo, enxulunyaniswa ne-diuretics, efana ne-Furosemide. Ukongeza, ukuzilolonga rhoqo kuyacetyiswa, xa kuboniswe ngokufanelekileyo ngugqirha wezifo zentliziyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwetyuwa, ukulawula uxinzelelo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kuthintela ukubola kwentliziyo.

4. Isifo sentliziyo

Izifo zentliziyo yokuzalwa zizizo apho intliziyo ithi itshintshe ngexesha lenkqubela phambili kwanaxa ukhulelwe, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kutshintsho ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo esele izelwe nosana. Ezi zifo zentliziyo zinokuchongwa nakwisibeleko soomama, kusetyenziswa i-ultrasound kunye ne-echocardiography kwaye zinokuba mncinci okanye ziqine. Zazi ezona ntlobo ziphambili zesifo sentliziyo.

Unyango: iyahluka ngokobukhali, kwaye kuyacetyiswa, kwimeko yesifo sentliziyo esibi, ukuba uqhaqho okanye ufakelwe intliziyo kunyaka wokuqala wobomi. Kwimeko yesifo sentliziyo esincinci, unyango lwenziwa ngenjongo yokuthomalalisa iimpawu, kwaye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezomchamo kunye ne-beta-blocker kunokubonakaliswa ngugqirha wezentliziyo, umzekelo, ukulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo.

5. I-Endocarditis

I-Endocarditis kukudumba kwethishu ebeka intliziyo ngaphakathi kwaye ihlala ibangelwa lusulelo, ihlala ibangelwa ngumngundo okanye ibhaktheriya. Nangona usulelo sesona sizathu siphambili se-endocarditis, esi sifo singenzeka nakwezinye izifo, ezinje ngomhlaza, i-rheumatic fever okanye izifo ezenzekelayo, umzekelo.

Iimpawu ze-endocarditis zibonakala ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngenxa yomkhuhlane ongapheliyo, ukubila okugqithisileyo, ulusu olumhlophe, iintlungu zemisipha, ukukhohlela okungapheliyo kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ubukho begazi kumchamo kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo kunokuqatshelwa.

Unyango: Olona hlobo lonyango lwe-endocarditis kukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics okanye ii-antifungals ukulwa ne-microorganism ejongene nesi sifo, kwaye unyango kufuneka lwenziwe ngokwesikhokelo se-cardiologist. Ukongeza, kunokuba yimfuneko ukutshintsha ivelufa ochaphazelekayo.

6. Iimpawu zentliziyo

I-arrhythmia ye-Cardiac ihambelana notshintsho ekubetheni kwentliziyo, okunokwenza ukubetha ngokukhawuleza okanye kancinci, okukhokelela kwiimpawu ezinjengokudinwa, ukubola, iintlungu esifubeni, ukubila okubandayo kunye nokuphefumla kancinci, umzekelo.

Unyango: iyahluka ngokweempawu ezibonisiweyo, kodwa ijolise ekulawuleni ukubetha kwentliziyo. Ke, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, anje ngePropafenone okanye iSotalol, umzekelo, ukubola, ukufakelwa kwesantya somzimba okanye uqhaqho lwe-ablation kungaboniswa. Qonda ukuba lwenziwa njani unyango lwe-arrhythmia yentliziyo.

Kukwabalulekile ukunqanda ukuselwa kotywala, iziyobisi kunye neziselo ezinecaffeine, umzekelo, njengoko zinokutshintsha isingqi senhliziyo, ukongeza kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo yomzimba kunye nokutya okunezondlo.

Kwiphepha lethu ipodcastUgqirha Ricardo Alckmin, umongameli weBrazilian Society of Cardiology, ucacisa amathandabuzo aphambili malunga nesifo sentliziyo:

7. Angina

U-Angina uhambelana nemvakalelo yobunzima, iintlungu okanye ukuqina kwesifuba kwaye kuhlala kusenzeka xa kukho ukwehla kokuhamba kwegazi kuye entliziyweni, okuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, abanexinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, isifo seswekile okanye umntu onemikhwa indlela yokuphila engenampilo, ekhokelela ekuphazanyisweni kokuhamba kwegazi ngenxa yokufumba kwamafutha kwiinqanawa. Yazi ezona ntlobo ziphambili ze-angina.

Unyango: kufuneka ikhokelwe yi-cardiologist ngohlobo lwe-angina, kunye nokuphumla okanye ukusebenzisa amayeza ukulawula iimpawu, ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi, ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili kunokucetyiswa.

8. Isifo seMyocarditis

I-Myocarditis kukudumba kwentliziyo yemisipha enokuthi yenzeke ngenxa yosulelo emzimbeni, olunokwenzeka ngexesha losulelo lwentsholongwane okanye xa kukho usulelo oluphambili yifungi okanye ibhaktheriya. Oku kudumba kungakhokelela kwiimpawu ezininzi kwiimeko ezibi kakhulu, ezinje ngesifuba, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga, ukudinwa okugqithileyo, ukuphefumla kancinci kunye nokudumba emilenzeni, umzekelo.

Unyango: Ngokwesiqhelo i-myocarditis isonjululwa xa usulelo lunyango ngokusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ii-antifungals okanye ii-antivirals, nangona kunjalo ukuba iimpawu ze-myocarditis ziyaqhubeka nasemva kokunyanga usulelo, kubalulekile ukuba uqhagamshelane nogqirha wezifo zentliziyo ukuze uqale unyango oluthe ngqo, olunokuthi Kucetyiswe ukuba kusetyenziswe amayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho.

9. IiValvulopathies

I-Valvulopathies, ekwabizwa ngokuba zizifo zentliziyo yevalvu, ivela rhoqo kumadoda ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 kunye nabasetyhini ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-75 kwaye iyenzeka ngenxa yokuqokelelana kwecalcium kwiivalves zentliziyo, kuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi ngenxa yokuqaqadeka kwazo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu ze-valvulopathy zingathabatha ixesha ukubonakala, nangona kunjalo ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zibonise iingxaki kwiiveluvu zentliziyo ziintlungu esifubeni, ukumbombozela kwentliziyo, ukudinwa okugqithisileyo, ukuphefumla kancinci kunye nokudumba emilenzeni nasezinyaweni, umzekelo.

Unyango: yenziwa ngokwevaluva ebichaphazelekile kunye nenqanaba lokuphazamiseka, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweyeza lokuchama, iziyobisi ezichaseneyo okanye nokutshintshwa kwesivalo ngotyando kungabonakaliswa.

Indlela yokuthintela isifo sentliziyo

Ezinye iingcebiso ezikunceda ukuthintela ukukhula kwezifo zentliziyo zezi:

• Yeka ukutshaya;
• Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, inqanaba leswekile kunye nenani lamafutha egazini;
• Yiba nokutya okusempilweni, uphephe amafutha kunye nokutya imifuno, iziqhamo kunye neecereal;
• Ziqhelise ukuzilolonga rhoqo, ubuncinci imizuzu engama-30-60, amaxesha ama-3-5 ngeveki;
• Kulumkele ukusela iziselo ezinxilisayo;

Ukongeza, kubantu abatyebe kakhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba banciphise umzimba, njengoko kubonakalisiwe ukuba ukufumba kwamafutha kuyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yentliziyo.Jonga izikhokelo kwisondlo malunga nendlela yokwenza ukutya okunempilo ukunciphisa umzimba.