Izifo ezili-11 ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane

Umxholo

• 1. Usulelo lomchamo
• 2. Ukudumba kwenwebu yengqondo
• 3. IChlamydia
• 4. Ukuvuza ngaphantsi
• 5. Igcushuwa
• 6. Iqhenqa
• 7. Isikhohlela
• 8. Isifo sephepha
• 9. Inyumoniya
• 10. ISalmonellosis
• 11. ILeptospirosis

Iibhaktheriya zincinci ezincinci ezikhoyo ngokwemvelo emzimbeni nakwimeko yendalo kwaye ezinokuthi okanye zingabangeli izifo. Intsholongwane ebangela isifo yaziwa njengeentsholongwane ezinokungena emzimbeni ngokungenisa ukutya okungcolileyo okanye amanzi, unxibelelwano olungakhuselekanga ngokwesondo okanye ngeendlela zomoya, umzekelo.

Izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ziphathwa ikakhulu kusetyenziswa ii-antibiotics, ekufuneka zisetyenziswe njengokuyalelwa ngugqirha ukuthintela ukuvela kweebhaktiriya ezinganyangekiyo ezininzi, ezinoxanduva losulelo olubi kakhulu kunye nonyango olunzima ngakumbi.

1. Usulelo lomchamo

Usulelo lwe-Urinary tract lolunye lwezona zifo zixhaphakileyo ezibangelwa ziibhaktheriya, kwaye kungenzeka ngenxa yokungalingani kwintsholongwane, okanye ngenxa yokuba ubambe i-pee, musa ukwenza ucoceko olusondeleyo, usela amanzi amancinci ngexesha imini okanye unamatye kwizintso, umzekelo.

Kukho iintsholongwane ezininzi ezinokubangela usulelo lomchamo, ezona ziphambili Escherichia coli, Iproteus sp., Providencia sp. kwaye UMorganella spp..

Iimpawu eziphambili: Ezona mpawu ziphambili zinxulumene nosulelo lomchamo ziintlungu kunye nokutsha xa uchama, kunamafu okanye kukuchama okunegazi, umkhuhlane ophantsi nongazinzisiyo, ukunxanelwa rhoqo ukuba uchame kwaye uzive ungakwazi ukukhupha isinyi.

Unyango njani: Unyango losulelo lwe-urinary tract luboniswa ngugqirha xa kukho iimpawu kwaye ichiza elichongiweyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-antimicrobials, ezinje nge-Ciprofloxacino, umzekelo, zihlala zibonisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, xa kungekho zimpawu, ugqirha unokukhetha ukungathathi unyango lwe-antibiotiki ukunqanda ukuvela kweentsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo.

Uthintelo lwenziwa njani: Uthintelo losulelo lomchamo lwenziwa ngokulawula oonobangela. Ke, kubalulekile ukwenza ucoceko olusondeleyo ngokufanelekileyo, thintela ukubamba ipee ixesha elide kwaye usele ubuncinci i-2 yeelitha zamanzi ngosuku, umzekelo.

2. Ukudumba kwenwebu yengqondo

I-Meningitis ihambelana nokudumba kwethishu ejikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo, iincindi zomlomo, kwaye kunokubangelwa ziintlobo ezininzi zebacteria, ezona ziphambili IStreptococcus pneumoniae, Isifo sephepha seMicobacterium, Haemophilus influenzae kwaye I-Neisseria meningitidis, enokufunyanwa ngokufihlakeleyo kubantu abafunyaniswe benesi sifo.

Iimpawu eziphambiliIimpawu ze-meningitis zingavela malunga neentsuku ezi-4 emva kokubandakanyeka kwamadoda, kwaye kunokubakho umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu kwaye xa uhambisa intamo, ukuvela kwamabala amfusa eluswini, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukudinwa okugqithisileyo kunye nokuqina kwemisipha entanyeni.

Unyango njani: Unyango lwe-meningitis luhlala lwenziwa esibhedlele, ukuze ugqirha avavanye uguquko lomntu kunye nokuthintela iingxaki. Ke, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ii-antibiotics, ngokweebhaktheriya ezinoxanduva, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwePenicillin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol okanye iCeftriaxone, umzekelo, ekufuneka isetyenziswe njengokuyalelwa ngugqirha, kungabonakaliswa.

Uthintelo lwenziwa njani: Uthintelo lwe-meningitis kufuneka lwenziwe ikakhulu ngokugonya ngokuchasene ne-meningitis, ekufuneka ithathwe njengomntwana. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba abantu abane-meningitis banxibe imaski kwaye baphephe ukukhohlela, ukuthetha okanye ukuthimla ujikeleze abantu abasempilweni ukunqanda ukosuleleka. Fumanisa ukuba zeziphi izitofu zokugonya ezikhusela kwi-meningitis.

3. IChlamydia

I-Chlamydia sisifo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo okubangelwa yintsholongwane I-Chlamydia trachomatis, ezinokudluliselwa ngokulalana ngomlomo, kwilungu lobufazi okanye ezimpundu ngaphandle kwekhondom, kwaye zinokudluliselwa zisuka emfazini ziye emntwaneni wakhe ngexesha lokubeleka eliqhelekileyo xa unyango lungakhange lwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu ze-chlamydia zinokuvela ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezi-3 emva kokudibana neebhaktiriya, iintlungu kunye nokutsha xa uchama, ipenile emhlophe tyheli okanye ukukhutshwa kwilungu lobufazi, ngokufana nobofu, iintlungu zangasese okanye ukudumba kwamatyhalarha, umzekelo, kunokuqatshelwa. Yazi ezinye iimpawu ze-chlamydia.

Unyango njani: Unyango lwe-chlamydia kufuneka lwenziwe phantsi kwesikhokelo se-gynecologist okanye i-urologist, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics, ezinjengeAzithromycin okanye iDoxycycline, kuyacetyiswa ukukhuthaza ukupheliswa kwebhaktheriya kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu. Kubalulekile ukuba unyango lwenziwe ngumntu osulelekileyo kunye neqabane, nokuba akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuthintela usulelo.

Uthintelo lwenziwa njani: Ukuthintela usulelo ngokuI-Chlamydia trachomatis,kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ikhondom maxa onke kwaye ufumane unyango njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha, nokuba akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo.

4. Ukuvuza ngaphantsi

Gonorrhea sisifo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo esibangelwa yintsholongwane I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi elingakhuselekanga, lempundu okanye umlomo.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuvuza ngaphantsi kuyinto asymptomatic, nangona kunjalo ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10 emva kokudibana neebhaktiriya, iintlungu kunye nokutsha kunokuqatshelwa xa uchama, ukukhutshwa okumhlophe okumthubi, ukudumba komchamo, ukungasebenzi komchamo okanye ukudumba kwi-anus, Usulelo lwenzeka ngokulalana ezimpundu.

Unyango njani: Unyango lwe-gonorrhea kufuneka lwenziwe ngokweengcebiso zonyango, kusetyenziswe ii-antibiotics, ezinje ngeAzithromycin okanye iCeftriaxone, kunye nokuyeka isondo ngexesha lonyango kucetyiswa ngesiqhelo.

Kubalulekile ukuba unyango lwenziwe kude kube sekupheleni, nokuba akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo, kuba ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukupheliswa kwebhaktheriya kunye nokuthintela ukukhula kweengxaki, ezinjengesifo sokudumba kwentliziyo kunye nokungachumi . Funda ngakumbi malunga nonyango: ukuvuza ngaphantsi.

Uthintelo lwenziwa njani: Ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwegonorrhea kunye nokusasazeka, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iikhondom kuzo zonke iintlobano zesini.

5. Igcushuwa

Njenge-chlamydia kunye ne-gonorrhea, i-syphilis sisifo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo, esibangelwa yintsholongwane I-Treponema pallidum, osulelo olunokuthi lwenzeke ngokulalana ngokungakhuselekanga okanye ukudibana ngqo nezilonda zegcushuwa, kuba zityebile kwintsholongwane. Ukongeza, igcushuwa inokudluliselwa ukusuka kwisandla ukuya emntwaneni ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokubeleka, xa isifo singachazwanga kunye / okanye sinyangwe ngokuchanekileyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu zokuqala zegcushuwa zizilonda ezingonzakalisiyo okanye ezibangela ukungonwabi ezinokubonakala kwilungu lobudoda, kwi-anus okanye kummandla wesini sabasetyhini kwaye zinyamalale ngokuzenzekelayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyamalala kwezi zilonda ayibonisi ukuba isifo siyasombululwa, kodwa kukuba ibhaktiriya iyasasazeka ngokuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni, elinokuthi libangele igcushuwa yesibini kunye nelesithathu. Bona ngakumbi malunga neempawu zegcushuwa.

Unyango njani: Unyango lwe-syphilis kufuneka lucetyiswe ngu-urologist okanye ugqirha wezifo zabasetyhini ngokwenqanaba lesifo akuso umntu kunye nobunzima beempawu. Ngokubanzi, unyango lwenziwa ngenaliti ye-benzathine penicillin, ekwaziyo ukukhuthaza ukupheliswa kwebhaktheriya.

Uthintelo lwenziwa njani: Uthintelo lwegcushuwa lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweekhondom kuzo zonke iintlobano zesini, ngenxa yoko kunokwenzeka ukuba uphephe ukudibana nezilonda. Ukongeza, kwimeko yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abane-syphilis, ukunqanda ukosuleleka kosana, kubalulekile ukuba unyango lwenziwe ngokwesikhokelo sikagqirha, kuba ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa inani lokujikeleza kweentsholongwane kunye nokuhla umngcipheko wokosulela.

6. Iqhenqa

Iqhenqa, elikwabizwa ngokuba liqhenqa, sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane Mycobacterium leprae kwaye oko kungadluliselwa ngokunxibelelana nokungena kwempumlo kwabantu abaneqhenqa, ikakhulu.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Le bhaktiriya inomdla kwinkqubo ye-nervous kwaye inokubangela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, ezona mpawu zineqhenqa zizilonda ezenziwe kulusu, ezenzeka ngenxa yobukho bebhaktiriya egazini nasesikhumbeni. Ke, ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zeqhenqa kukoma kolusu, ukulahleka kwemvakalelo kunye nobukho bezilonda kunye nenxeba ezinyaweni, empumlweni nasemehlweni, ezinokubangela ubumfama.

Unyango njani: Unyango lweqhenqa kufuneka luboniswe ngugqirha osulelayo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba kufunyaniswe isifo ukuze kubekho amathuba okwenene onyango. Ke, unyango luhlala lwenziwa ngamayeza ahlukeneyo ukuphelisa ibhaktiriya kunye nokuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kunye nokubonakala kwengxaki. Amachiza abonakalisiweyo kakhulu yiDapsone, iRifampicin kunye neClofazimine, ekufuneka isetyenziswe ngokokuyalelwa ngugqirha.

Ukongeza, ngenxa yokukhubazeka okunokuvela, kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza iinkqubo zokulungisa kunye nokujonga ngokwasemphefumlweni, kuba abantu abaneqhenqa banokubandlululwa ngenxa yenkangeleko yabo. Qonda indlela olwenziwa ngayo unyango lweqhenqa.

Uthintelo lwenziwa njani: Olona hlobo lusebenzayo kuthintelo lweqhenqa kukufumana isifo kumanqanaba okuqala kwaye uqalise unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba isifo sifunyenwe. Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukubakho kweempawu kunye nobunzima kunye nokusasazeka kwabanye abantu.

7. Isikhohlela

Ukhohlokhohlo sisifo sokuphefumla esibangelwa ziintsholongwane IBordetella pertussis, engena emzimbeni ngokungenisa umoya, ihlala emiphungeni kwaye ikhokelele kuphuhliso lweempawu zokuphefumla, ixhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni kwaye inokuthintelwa ngokulula ngokugonya.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu zokuqala ze-pertussis zifana nezo zomkhuhlane, kunye nomkhuhlane ophantsi, impumlo kunye nokukhwehlela okomileyo, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko usulelo luqhubeka kunokwenzeka ukuba ube neziqendu zokukhohlela ngequbuliso apho umntu akufumanisa kunzima ukuphefumla kwaye oko kuphelela ekuphefumlweni okunzulu, ngokungathi ngumkhuhlane.

Unyango njani: Unyango lwe-pertussis lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics, ezinje ngeAzithromycin, Clarithromycin okanye i-Erythromycin, umzekelo, ekufuneka isetyenziswe ngokwesikhokelo sikagqirha.

Uthintelo lwenziwa njani: Ukuthintela i-pertussis, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphephe ukuhlala kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ixesha elide kwaye uhlambe izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi rhoqo, ukongeza ekuthatheni isitofu sokugonya se-DTPA, esibonelelwe kwisicwangciso sokugonya somntwana kwaye esiqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwisifo ., diphtheria, isifo sephepha kunye ne-tetanus. Funda ngakumbi malunga nogonyo lwe-DTPA.

8. Isifo sephepha

Isifo sephepha sisifo sokuphefumla esibangelwa yintsholongwane iMycobacterium isifo sephepha, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Koch's bacillus, engena emzimbeni ngakwindlela yomoya ephezulu kwaye ingenise emiphungeni ekhokelela kuphuhliso lweempawu zokuphefumla kunye neempawu, ukongeza ekusasazeni emzimbeni nasemzimbeni. kukhokelela kuphuhliso lwesifo sephepha esihamba ngaphandle kwemiphunga. Funda ngakumbi ngesifo sephepha.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu eziphambili zesifo sephepha semiphunga kukukhohlela ngaphezulu kweeveki ezintathu, ezinokuhamba negazi, iintlungu xa uphefumla okanye ukhohlela, ukubila ebusuku kunye nomkhuhlane osezantsi nongaguquguqukiyo.

Unyango njani:Unyango lwesifo sephepha lwenziwa ngokuqhubekekayo, oko kukuthi, i-pulmonologist okanye isifo se-infectologist sibonisa indibaniselwano yeRifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide kunye ne-Etambutol malunga neenyanga ezi-6 okanye de sinyange isifo. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba umntu onyangwa isifo sephepha makahlale yedwa kangangeentsuku ezili-15 zokuqala zonyango, kuba esakwazi ukudlulisela iintsholongwane kwabanye abantu.

Uthintelo lwenziwa njani:Ukuthintela isifo sephepha kwenziwa ngamanyathelo alula, njengokuphepha ukuba kwindawo zikawonke-wonke nakwiindawo ezivaliweyo, ukogquma umlomo wakho xa ukhohlela kwaye uhlamba izandla rhoqo. Ukongeza, uthintelo lunokwenziwa ngokugonya kwe-BCG, ekufuneka yenziwe kungekudala emva kokuzalwa.

9. Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia yebacteria ihlala ibangelwa yintsholongwane IStreptococcus pneumoniae, ezinokubangela isifo ikakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala kwaye usulelo luhlala lukhona ngengozi yokungena kwebhaktheriya emiphungeni emlonyeni okanye ngenxa yosulelo kwelinye ilungu lomzimba.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu eziphambili ze-pneumonia yebhakteria S. pneumoniae ukukhohlela nge-phlegm, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumla kunye nentlungu esifubeni, kubalulekile ukudibana ne-pulmonologist okanye ugqirha jikelele ukuze iimpawu zivavanywe kwaye olona nyango lufanelekileyo lunokuqaliswa.

Unyango njani: Unyango lwenyumoniya IStreptococcus pneumoniae ihlala isenziwa ngokuphumla kunye namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, afana ne-Amoxicillin okanye i-Azithromycin, ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezili-14, ngokweyeza elibonisiweyo. Ukongeza, kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha unokucebisa nge-physiotherapy yokuphefumla ukwenza inkqubo yokuphefumla ibe lula.

Uthintelo lwenzeka njani: Ukuthintela inyumoniya yebhaktiriya, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungagcini ukuhlala kumagumbi avaliweyo ixesha elide nomoya ongenamoya kwaye uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle.

10. ISalmonellosis

I-Salmonellosis, okanye ityhefu yokutya, sisifo esibangelwa ISalmonella sp., enokufunyanwa ngokusetyenziswa kokutya kunye namanzi, ukongeza kunxibelelwano nezilwanyana ezingcoliswe yintsholongwane. Owona mthombo uphambili we ISalmonella sp. zizilwanyana ezikhuliswe kwiifama, ezinjengeenkomo, iihagu kunye neenkukhu, ikakhulu.Ke, ukutya okunokufumaneka kwezi zilwanyana, njengenyama, amaqanda kunye nobisi, kuyahambelana nomthombo osisiseko wosulelo lwe-salmonellosis.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu zosulelo ngu ISalmonella sp. Zibonakala kwiiyure ezisibhozo ukuya kwezingama-48 emva kokudibana neebhaktiriya, kwaye kunokujongwa, ukugabha, isicaphucaphu, iintlungu esiswini, umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, ukuqaqanjelwa ngumkhuhlane kunye nokubanda. Kwezinye iimeko, isifo sohudo kunye negazi kwisitulo sinokuqatshelwa.

Unyango njani: Unyango lwe-salmonellosis alwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane, njengoko kuboniswa ngokubanzi ngugqirha ukubuyisela ulwelo endaweni, ukunqanda ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, okuxhaphakileyo kubantu abadala nakubantwana, kunye nokulawula isicaphucaphu, ukugabha neentlungu.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, xa iimpawu ziqhubeka kwaye kukho urhano losuleleko lokuhamba kwegazi ngale ntsholongwane, isifo eso sinokuthi sincomise ukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics, ezinje nge-fluoroquinolones okanye i-azithromycin, umzekelo.

Uthintelo lwenziwa njani: Uthintelo losulelo ngu ISalmonella sp., yenziwa ikakhulu ngococeko lomntu kunye nemilinganiselo yokutya. Oko kukuthi, kubalulekile ukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle emva kokudibana nezilwanyana kwaye ngaphambi nasemva kokulungiselela ukutya, ngakumbi xa kukrwada.

11. ILeptospirosis

I-Leptospirosis sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane zohlobo Leptospira, osulelo lwayo lwenzeka ngokungqamana ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo nomchamo, ilindle okanye imfihlo esulelwe yintsholongwane. Esi sifo siqhele ukwenzeka ngamaxesha emvula, kuba umchamo kunye nelindle leempuku, izinja okanye iikati, zisasazekile kwindawo leyo, ziququzelela ukosuleleka yintsholongwane.

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu ze-leptospirosis zihlala zivela malunga neentsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-14 emva kokuba ibhaktiriya ingene emzimbeni ngenwebu yangaphakathi okanye amanxeba elusu, kwaye inokubangela iimpawu ezinjengentloko, iintlungu zemisipha, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukugodola, amehlo abomvu kunye nesicanucanu. inokufikelela kwigazi kwaye isasazeke kwezinye izicwili, kubandakanya nengqondo, ibangele iimpawu ezinzima njengokuphefumla nzima kunye nokukhohlela igazi.

Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuzingisa kwentsholongwane yomzimba, kunokubakho ukungoneli kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukusilela kwezintso, nto leyo enokubeka ubomi bomntu emngciphekweni.

Unyango njani: Olona hlobo lonyango luphambili ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ekufuneka aboniswe kwangoko xa kuvela iimpawu. Ngokwesiqhelo ugqirha osulelekileyo ucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-Amoxicillin kangangeentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10 kwaye, kwimeko yezigulana ezaliwa yileyeza, i-Erythromycin iyacetyiswa. Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kubukhali beempawu, ukubek'esweni ukusebenza kwezintso kuyafuneka, kwaye idalysis inokufuneka.

Nangona ingesosifo esinokudluliselwa komnye umntu esiya komnye, kuyacetyiswa ukuba umntu ofunyaniswe ene-Leptospirosis kufuneka aphumle kwaye asele amanzi aneleyo ukuze achache ngokukhawuleza.

Uthintelo lwenziwa njani: Ukuthintela i-leptospirosis, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthintelwe iindawo ezinokungcoliseka, ezinjengodaka, imilambo, amanzi amileyo kunye neendawo ezinamanzi, umzekelo. Ukongeza, kwimeko yezikhukula zendlu, umzekelo, kuyacetyiswa ukuhlamba yonke ifanitshala kunye nemigangatho nge-bleach okanye i-chlorine.

Kukwabalulekile ukunqanda ukuqokelela inkunkuma ekhaya kunye nokuphepha ukuqokelela amanzi, kuba ukongeza ekuthinteleni i-leptospirosis, ezinye izifo ziyathintelwa, ezinje nge-dengue kunye ne-malaria, umzekelo. Funda ngezinye iindlela zokuthintela i-leptospirosis.