Yintoni isifo sokulala, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Idluliselwa njani
• Izinketho zonyango

Ukugula ukulala, okwaziwa ngokwesayensi njenge-trypanosomiasis yabantu, sisifo esibangelwa yiprotozoan I-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense kwayerhodesiense, isasazwa ngokulunywa yimpukane ye-tsetse, efumaneka kakhulu kumazwe ase-Afrika.

Iimpawu zesi sifo zihlala zivela emva kweeveki ezimbalwa emva kokulunywa, nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuvela kwaye oku kuxhomekeke kwindidi yempukane nakwimpendulo yomzimba womntu kwintsholongwane, umzekelo.

Kamsinya nje zakuvela iimpawu kubalulekile ukuba ubonane nogqirha, kuba emva kokuchonga isifo sokulala kunyanzelekile ukuba uqale unyango ngokukhawuleza, kuba ukuba iguquka kakhulu inokubeka ubomi bomntu emngciphekweni, ngenxa ukwenzakala okubangelwa sisidleleli kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zesifo sokulala ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye kwaye zixhomekeke kwinqanaba lesifo, njenge:

• Inqanaba lokusika: Kweli nqanaba, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele iipapuli ezibomvu kulusu, eziya zisiba mandundu kwaye zibe sisilonda esibuhlungu, esimnyama, esidumbileyo esibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza. Olu phawu lubonakala malunga neeveki ezi-2 emva kokuba i-tsetse fly bite, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abamhlophe kwaye ayifane ibonakale kubantu abamnyama;
• Isigaba sehemolymphatic: emva kwenyanga yokulunywa sisinambuzane, i-microorganism ifikelela kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic nasegazini, ekhokelela ekubonakaleni kwamanzi entanyeni, entloko, kubushushu kunye nakumabala abomvu asasazeka emzimbeni wonke
• Isigaba semeningo-encephalitic: lelona nqanaba liphambili lokugula nokulala, apho iprotozoan ifikelela kwinkqubo ye-nervous system, ibangela ukonakala kwengqondo okujongwa kukudideka kwengqondo, ukulala okungaphezulu, utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye neengxaki zomzimba.

Ukongeza, ukulala ukulala kunokubangela olunye utshintsho emzimbeni, njengokuphazamiseka entliziyweni, amathambo kunye nesibindi, kwaye kunokubangela nezinye iintlobo zezifo ezifana nenyumoniya, imalariya. Jonga ngakumbi malunga neempawu eziphambili ze-malaria.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuchongwa kwesifo sokulala kwenziwa ngokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga ubukho beeproteni ezithile, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-IgM immunoglobulins, kunye nokuchonga ukuba ngaba zikhona na izilwa-buhlungu ezijikeleza egazini. Ukuba umntu unesifo sokulala, uvavanyo lwegazi lunokuba nolunye utshintsho olunjenge-anemia kunye ne-monocytosis. Bona ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-monocytosis.

Abantu abanesifo sokulala abakrokrelayo kufuneka baqokelele umongo wethambo kunye ne-lumbar puncture ukuze bahlalutye, elebhu, indlela iprotozoa efikelele ngayo kwigazi nakwingqondo kwaye ikwasebenza ukubala iiseli zokhuselo kulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, ulwelo olo Ijikeleza kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Idluliselwa njani

Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lokusasaza isifo sokulala kungokulunywa yimpukane ye-tsetse, evela kusapho Glossinidae. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo ngakumbi, usulelo lunokuvela ngenxa yokulunywa kolunye uhlobo lweempukane okanye iingcongconi, esele zilume umntu osuleleke kwiprotozoan, umzekelo.

I-tsetse fly ifumaneka kakhulu kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni e-Afrika, kwiindawo apho kufumaneka khona utyani obuninzi, ubushushu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Nje ukuba wosulelwe, le mpukane ithwala i-parasite ubomi bayo bonke, kwaye inokosulela abantu abaninzi.

Ke ngoko kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela i-tsetse fly bite, enje:

• Nxiba impahla enemikhono emide, ngokukhethekileyo umbala ongathathi hlangothi, kuba impukane inomdla ngemibala eqaqambileyo;
• Kuphephe ukuba kufutshane nehlathi, kuba impukane inokuhlala kumatyholo amancinci;
• Sebenzisa izinto ezigxotha izinambuzane, ingakumbi ukunqanda ezinye iintlobo zeempukane neengcongconi ezinokudlulisela esi sifo.

Ukongeza, usulelo lwe-parasite lunokudlula ukusuka koomama luye ebantwaneni, luvele ngokulunywa ngengozi ngeenaliti ezingcolileyo okanye lwenzeke emva kobudlelwane obusondeleyo ngaphandle kwekhondom.

Izinketho zonyango

Unyango luyahluka ngokobudala bomntu kwaye luxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuvela kwesi sifo, kwaye ukuba unyangwa ngaphambi kokuchaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous system, amayeza asetyenziswayo awanamdla kangako, njenge-pentamidine okanye i-suramine. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo siqhubele phambili, kuyafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe iziyobisi ezomeleleyo ezineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinje nge-melarsoprol, eflornithine okanye nifurtimox, ekufuneka yenziwe esibhedlele.

Olu nyango kufuneka luqhubekeke de kube sisidleleli sipheliswe emzimbeni kwaye, ke, igazi kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba kufuneka luphindaphindwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-parasite isuswe ngokupheleleyo.Emva koko, kubalulekile ukugcina umlindo kwiinyanga ezingama-24, ukujonga iimpawu kunye nokwenza iimviwo rhoqo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isifo asiphinde sivele.