Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi: Isikhokelo saBasebenzisi

Umxholo

• Yintoni ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi?
• Iindidi zonxibelelwano lweziyobisi
• Iziyobisi
• Unyango ngaphandle kwonyango
• Ukutya iziyobisi
• Iziyobisi-utywala
• Iziyobisi
• Elebhu yeziyobisi
• Eminye imibandela kunxibelelwano lweziyobisi
• Imfuza
• Ubunzima
• Ubudala
• Isini (indoda okanye umfazi)
• Indlela yokuphila (ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga)
• Kude kube nini iyeza lisemzimbeni wakho
• Uthathe ixesha elingakanani ichiza
• Ithamo
• Indlela ethathwa okanye elawulwa ngayo ichiza
• Ukuqulunqwa
• Umyalelo apho amayeza athathwa khona
• Ukufunda iilebheli zeziyobisi
• Iilebheli zeziyobisi ze-OTC
• Iilebheli zamachiza amiselweyo
• Ukufunda ngakumbi ngokudibana kweziyobisi

Siphila kwihlabathi apho amachiza amangalisayo akhoyo ukunyanga iimeko ezininzi ezazibonakala zingafikeleleki ngaphambili.

Kwingxelo ebijonge ekusetyenzisweni gwenxa kweziyobisi zase-US ngonyaka ka-2013 ukuya ku-2016, amaZiko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) afumanise ukuba kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu baseMelika basebenzise umthetho omnye kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ezidlulileyo.

Kuyakhuthaza ukwazi ukuba kukho iindlela zokujongana nezifo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubakho okumangalisayo kwamayeza kukonyusa ukubakho kokunxibelelana kweziyobisi.

Yintoni ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi?

Ukudibana kweziyobisi kubandakanya indibaniselwano yamayeza nezinye izinto eziguqula ifuthe lamayeza emzimbeni. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iyeza lingaphantsi okanye libe namandla kunokuba bekucwangcisiwe okanye kubangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ukuba usebenzisa amayeza amaninzi, unezimo ezithile zempilo, okanye ubona ugqirha ongaphezulu kwesinye, kuya kufuneka ulikhathalele ngakumbi iyeza lakho. Kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ugqirha wakho ngamnye uyazi onke amayeza, amayeza, izongezo kunye neevithamini ozisebenzisayo.

Nokuba uthatha iyeza elinye kuphela, licebo elihle ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti malunga nento oyisebenzisayo ukubona ukuhlangana okunokwenzeka. Eli cebiso lisebenza kuzo zombini amayeza amiselweyo nakwezo zingabhaliswanga.

Iindidi zonxibelelwano lweziyobisi

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana kweziyobisi ekufuneka uzazi. Makhe sihlolisise nganye nganye ngokuthe ngcembe.

Iziyobisi

Ukusabela kwiziyobisi zeziyobisi kuxa kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwamachiza amabini okanye nangaphezulu amiselweyo.

Omnye umzekelo kukudibana phakathi kwe-warfarin (i-Coumadin), i-anticoagulant (igazi elincinci), kunye ne-fluconazole (Diflucan), iyeza lokubulala ukungunda. Ukuthatha la machiza mabini kunye kungakhokelela kukonyuka okuyingozi ekopheni.

Unyango ngaphandle kwonyango

Le mpendulo phakathi kwesiyobisi kunye nonyango olungabhaliswanga. Oku kubandakanya amayeza e-counter-the-counter (OTC), imifuno, iivithamini, okanye izongezo.

Umzekelo wolu hlobo lokunxibelelana lunokwenzeka phakathi kwe-diuretic - ichiza elizama ukukhupha umzimba wamanzi agcwele ityuwa- kunye ne-ibuprofen (Advil). Ibuprofen inokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-diuretic ngenxa yokuba ibuprofen ihlala ibangela ukuba umzimba ugcine ityuwa kunye nolwelo.

Ukutya iziyobisi

Oku kuyenzeka xa ukutya okanye ukusela isiselo kuguqula ifuthe leziyobisi.

Umzekelo, ezinye ii-statins (ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-cholesterol ephezulu) zinokunxibelelana nejusi yeziqhamo. Ukuba umntu othatha enye yezi statins usela iincindi ezininzi zegrapefruit, iziyobisi ezininzi zinokuhlala emzimbeni wakhe, zonyusa umngcipheko wokonakala kwesibindi okanye ukusilela kwezintso.

Esinye isiphumo esinokubakho sokudibana kwencindi yesidiliya samagilebhisi yi-rhabdomyolysis. Yilapho imisipha yamathambo isophuka, ikhuphe iprotein ebizwa ngokuba yi-myoglobin egazini. I-Myoglobin inokuqhubeka nokonakalisa izintso.

Iziyobisi-utywala

Amayeza athile akufuneki athathwe notywala. Rhoqo, ukudibanisa la machiza notywala kunokubangela ukudinwa kunye nokulibaziseka kweempendulo. Inokwandisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Iziyobisi

Oku kunxibelelana kuxa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuguqula okanye kuyenza mandundu imeko okanye isifo. Ukongeza, ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumachiza athile.

Umzekelo, ezinye izinto zokuthanjiswa kwezinto abantu abazithathayo kwimikhuhlane zinokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Olu lunxibelelwano olunokuba yingozi kubantu abanexinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi).

Omnye umzekelo yi-metformin (ichiza leswekile) kunye nesifo sezintso. Abantu abanesifo sezintso kufuneka basebenzise idosi esezantsi ye-metformin okanye bangayithathi kwaphela. Kungenxa yokuba i-metformin inokuqokelelana kwizintso zabantu abanesi sifo, ikhulisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi

Elebhu yeziyobisi

Amanye amayeza anokuphazamisa uvavanyo oluthile lwelebhu. Oku kunokubangela iziphumo zovavanyo ezingachanekanga.

Umzekelo, i-tricyclic antidepressants ibonakalisiwe ukuba iphazamisa uvavanyo lwe-prick yolusu olusetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba umntu unengxaki ethile ye aleji.

Eminye imibandela kunxibelelwano lweziyobisi

Ngelixa kubalulekile ukuba uzifundise ngokubakho kokunxibelelana kweziyobisi, qonda ukuba olu lwazi alukuxeleli yonke into ekufuneka uyazi. Kungenxa yokuba unxibelelwano lweziyobisi lunokwenzeka akuthethi ukuba kuya kuba njalo.

Iimpawu zobuqu zinokudlala indima ekubeni ngaba ukudibana kweziyobisi kuya kwenzeka kwaye ngaba kuya kuba yingozi. Ukucaciswa malunga neziyobisi zakho, kubandakanya idosi, ukwenziwa, kunye nendlela ozithatha ngayo, kungenza umahluko.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zembali yonyango lomntu zichaphazela unxibelelwano lweziyobisi:

Imfuza

Umahluko kubume bomntu ngamnye unokwenza ukuba ichiza elifanayo lisebenze ngokwahlukileyo kwimizimba eyahlukeneyo.

Njengomphumo wekhowudi yabo yemfuza, abanye abantu bacwangcisa amayeza athile ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokuthe chu kunabanye.

Oku kunokubangela amanqanaba eziyobisi ukuba ehle okanye enyuke ngaphezulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. Ugqirha wakho uya kwazi ukuba ngawaphi amachiza afuna uvavanyo lwemfuzo ukufumana idosi echanekileyo kuwe.

Ubunzima

Amanye amayeza ancitshiswa ngokungqinelana nobunzima bomntu.

Ukutshintsha kobunzima kunokuchaphazela idosi kunye nokunyusa okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokunxibelelana kweziyobisi. Ke ukuba utshintsho olukhulu kubunzima bakho, unokufuna idosi eyahlukileyo yamayeza athile.

Ubudala

Njengoko sikhula, imizimba yethu iyatshintsha ngeendlela ezininzi, ezinye ezinokuthi zichaphazele indlela esisabela ngayo kunyango. Izintso, isibindi, kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kunokunciphisa isantya kunye nobudala. Oku kunokucothisa ukonakala nokususwa kwamachiza kwimizimba yethu.

Isini (indoda okanye umfazi)

Umahluko phakathi kwesini, njenge-anatomy kunye neehormoni, unokudlala indima kunxibelelwano lweziyobisi.

Umzekelo, idosi ekhuthazwayo ye-zolpidem (Ambien) enikwe abasetyhini yehliswa yaya kwisiqingatha semali emiselwe amadoda. Oku kwenzeke emva kokuba uphando lufumanise ukuba abasetyhini banamathuba aphezulu okufumana iziyobisi kwinkqubo yabo kusasa, xa inokuphazamisa imisebenzi efana nokuqhuba.

Indlela yokuphila (ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga)

Ukutya okuthile kunokuba yingxaki xa kudityaniswe namayeza.

Umzekelo, uphando lubonakalisile ukuba ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu kunokunciphisa impendulo yeebronchodilators, ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abanesifuba ukunyanga iimpawu.

Ukuzilolonga kunokutshintsha nendlela amayeza asebenza ngayo.

Umzekelo, abantu abasebenzisa i-insulin ukunyanga isifo seswekile banokufumana i-hypoglycemia (iswekile esezantsi yegazi) ngexesha lokuzilolonga. Ke banokufuna ukuba bahlengahlengise ixesha abatya ngalo kwaye bathathe i-insulin yabo ukuze bacime iswekile esegazini.

Ukutshaya imidiza kunokuchaphazela imetabolism yamanye amachiza. Qiniseka ukuba uyathetha nogqirha wakho ukuba uyatshaya ukuba ngaba bacebisa ukuba uqale amayeza amatsha.

Ukuba ucinga ngokuyeka ukutshaya, ugqirha wakho angasebenza nawe ukuza nesicwangciso sobuqu sokuyeka.

Kude kube nini iyeza lisemzimbeni wakho

Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela isantya apho umzimba uthatha khona kunye neenkqubo zamachiza. Idosi efanelekileyo yomntu ngamnye inokuxhomekeka kwezi zinto, kwaye inokuba phezulu okanye ibe ngaphantsi kunedosi eqhelekileyo. Esi sesinye isizathu sokuba ugqirha wakho kufuneka azi onke amachiza owathathayo ngaphambi kokuyalela amayeza amatsha.

Uthathe ixesha elingakanani ichiza

Umzimba unokunyamezelana namanye amayeza, okanye amachiza ngokwawo anokunceda umzimba ukuba uwenze ngokukhawuleza ixesha elingaphezulu. Ke iidosi kusenokufuneka zilungiswe ukuba zithathwa ixesha elide. Imizekelo emibini iziyobisi zentlungu kunye neziyobisi zokuthomalalisa ukubola.

Ithamo

Igama elithi "idosi" sisixa samayeza amiselweyo ukuba athathwe okanye afakwe. (Ngamanye amaxesha ungaliva igama elithi "idosi," elibhekisa kwinani lamayeza elinikwe ngamaxesha athile-umzekelo, kanye ngemini.)

Abantu ababini abathatha ichiza elifanayo banokumiselwa iidosi ezahlukeneyo. Ukubala idosi efanelekileyo kufuna ukuchaneka, ke akufuneki utshintshe ukuba lingakanani iyeza olithathayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho kuqala.

Indlela ethathwa okanye elawulwa ngayo ichiza

Zininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokulawulwa ziziyobisi. Ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo esizithathayo iziyobisi zibandakanya ngomlomo (ngomlomo), ngenaliti, nangokwezihloko (zisetyenziswe kulusu). Indlela amayeza angena ngayo emzimbeni inokutshintsha kakhulu iziphumo.

Ukuqulunqwa

Ukuqulunqwa kwamayeza ngumxube othile wezithako eziqulathe iyeza. Ukuqulunqwa kwamayeza kubalulekile kuba kunokumisela, ngokuyinxenye, indlela ichiza elisebenza ngayo emzimbeni kunye nokusebenza kwalo.

Umyalelo apho amayeza athathwa khona

Olunye udibaniso lweziyobisi lunokuncitshiswa okanye lupheliswe ukuba iziyobisi zithathwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Amanye amachiza anokuchaphazela ukufunxwa kwamanye amachiza xa ethathwa ngaphambi komnye. I-Antacids ezinje ngamacwecwe e-calcium anokuthintela ukufunxeka kweyeza le-ketoconazole, umzekelo.

Ukufunda iilebheli zeziyobisi

Ukuthetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti yeyona ndlela yokufumana ulwazi malunga namayeza akho.

Kodwa kuya kufuneka usoloko ufunda zonke iilebheli zamachiza kunye nolwazi lweziyobisi ngesigulana olifumanayo, nokuba ichiza lingumyalelo kagqirha okanye i-OTC. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde ngcono amayeza akho, kwaye kunokuthintela ukuhlangana.

Iilebheli zeziyobisi ze-OTC

Iilebhile zeziyobisi ze-OTC ziya kubandakanya olu lwazi lulandelayo:

• Into esebenzayo kunye nenjongo: Uluhlu lwezithako kwiziza ezisebenza ngeenjongo zonyango. Icandelo "Injongo" liza kuthetha ukuba yintoni into eyenziwayo (umzekelo, into yokuthomalalisa impumlo, i-antihistamine, ukuthomalalisa iintlungu, ukunciphisa umkhuhlane).
• Sebenzisa: Inkcazo emfutshane yokuba zeziphi iimpawu okanye iimeko ichiza elinyanzelwe ukuba linyangwe.
• Izilumkiso: Icandelo elinika ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokusebenzisa ichiza ngokukhuselekileyo. Iya kuthi xa uyeka nini okanye ungasebenzisi ichiza kwaye udibana nini nogqirha malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nokunxibelelana okunokubakho kudweliswe apha.
• Imikhombandlela: Imiyalelo yokuba lingakanani iyeza ekufuneka lithathiwe kwaye kangaphi. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiyalelo ekhethekileyo yendlela yokuthatha ichiza, ziya kudweliswa apha.
• Olunye ulwazi: Eli candelo lihlala linolwazi malunga nendlela yokugcina iziyobisi. Inokunika ulwazi olongezelelekileyo malunga nezinto ezithile ezinamayeza, njengesixa se-calcium, i-potassium, okanye isodiyam. Ezi nkcukacha zinokubaluleka kubantu abane-allergies okanye izithintelo ekudleni.
• Umhla WOKUPHELELWA: Umhla apho umenzi aqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwesiyobisi.
• Izinto ezingasebenziyo: Uluhlu lwezithako kwichiza ezingasebenziyo ngenjongo yokunyanga, njengombala kunye nencasa.
• Ulwazi loqhakamshelwano lomenzi: Ngokwesiqhelo ungatsalela umnxeba kumnxeba wasimahla ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziyobisi. Uninzi lweenkampani zisebenza kule migca ukusuka ngoMvulo ukuya ngoLwesihlanu.

Iilebheli zamachiza amiselweyo

Zimbini iintlobo zeelebheli zokumiselwa - ukufakwa kwephakeji kunye nokufakwa kwephakheji yesigulana (PPI). Ulawulo lokutya kunye neziyobisi (i-FDA) ilawula ifomathi kunye nemigangatho yazo zombini iindidi zeelebheli.

Unokubona kwakhona into efakiweyo ebizwa ngokuba kukumisela ulwazi. Luluxwebhu oluneenkcukacha oluqulathe ulwazi malunga neziyobisi kwaye zihlala zifunyanwa ngaphakathi okanye ziqhotyoshelwe kwibhotile yesitokethi sokumiselwa.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga neyeza lokumisela, cela ukufakwa kwephakheji. Ingeniso yephakheji ichaza:

• lisebenza njani iyeza kunye nolwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi kwichiza
• indlela yokuthatha iyeza kunye naziphi na izilumkiso (ezinje ngokuba akufuneki zithathwe kunye nokutya)
• zeziphi iimeko ichiza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga
• izilumkiso malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho okanye iimpendulo ezingalunganga
• Unxibelelwano olunokwenzeka namanye amachiza, izongezo, ukutya, okanye iziyobisi
• Ulwazi lomthamo kunye nemiyalelo malunga nokuba wenze ntoni xa ungaphaya kwexesha
• Olunye ulwazi, njengokubonakala kwesiyobisi kunye nendlela yokugcina

Ibhotile yesitokhwe emiselweyo inokuba nayo ineelebhile zokulumkisa ngohlobo lwezincamathelisi ezimibalabala ezibekwe ngqo kwiibhotile. Ezi zinolwazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nonxibelelwano olunokubakho.

I-PPI iqheleke ngakumbi kubantu abaninzi. Lulwazi olunikwa kunye nonyango oluhanjiswa ngqo kuwe. I-PPI ibandakanya ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokusetyenziswa kwesiyobisi, ebhalwe ngokucacileyo ngakumbi kuninzi lokufakwa kwephakeji.

Ukongeza, ileyibhile yakho kagqirha kufuneka iqulathe igama lakho, igama likagqirha wakho, kunye negama leziyobisi, kunye namandla, idosi, izikhombisi-ndlela, umhla wokuphelelwa, kunye nolunye ulwazi oluchongiweyo. Olu lwazi lufutshane lukhona ukukukhumbuza malunga nendlela yokuthatha iziyobisi.

Ukufunda ngakumbi ngokudibana kweziyobisi

Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuze ufumane olona lwazi luchanekileyo kunye nolusexesheni malunga nomngcipheko wakho wokunxibelelana kweziyobisi. Qinisekisa ukuba bayazi onke amayeza owathathayo.

Yiba nencoko ecacileyo malunga nokutya okunokubakho, iziyobisi ze-OTC, kunye nezifo ezinokubangela iingxaki xa zidityaniswe namayeza akho.

Eminye imibuzo omele uyibuze:

• Sisebenza njani esi siyobisi emzimbeni wam? Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho?
• Ngaba ndingawathatha la mayeza kunye neminye imigqaliselo yam emiselweyo? Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba kufuneka ndiyithathe ngexesha elahlukileyo kunamanye amayeza?
• Ndithatha la machiza alandelayo e-OTC, amayeza, iivithamini, okanye izongezo. Ngaba eli chiza likhuselekile ukuba ungahamba nalo?
• Ngaba kukhona ukutya okanye iziselo ezithile ekufuneka ndiziphephe xa ndithatha eli chiza? Ukuba kunjalo, kutheni?
• Unokuba yintoni umphumo ekusebenziseni utywala ngelixa uthatha eli chiza?
• Ngaba ungazichaza iimpawu zokudibana kweziyobisi ekufuneka ndijongile?
• Kufuneka ndenze ntoni xa ndifumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi okanye ukuhlangana kweziyobisi?
• Ndingathanda ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga neli chiza. Ungandinika ikopi yefakelo? Ukuba akunjalo, ndingayifumana phi kwi-intanethi?
• (Ukuba kufanelekile) Ngaba ndingalithatha eli chiza ngelixa ndikhulelweyo okanye ndincancisa?
• Ngaba eli chiza linokutyunyuzwa okanye ukuhlafunwa ukuba ndikufumanisa kunzima ukuginya, okanye kuxutywe nokutya okanye isiselo sokugubungela incasa yaso?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na inkxalabo okanye imibuzo malunga namayeza owathathayo okanye uceba ukuwathatha, thetha nogqirha wakho. Ngokukodwa, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abancancisayo kufuneka bajonge kugqirha wabo ngaphambi kokuba bathathe amayeza amatsha.