Iziphumo ze-Dunning-Kruger zichaziwe

Umxholo

• Yintoni isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger?
• Iingcaphuno malunga nolwazi
• Imizekelo yempembelelo ye-Dunning-Kruger
• Umsebenzi
• Ezopolitiko
• Ukufika mva
• Malunga nophando
• Unobangela wesiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger
• Indlela yokuyiqonda
• Ukoyisa isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger
• Ukuthatha

Ebizwa emva kweengqondo zengqondo uDavid Dunning noJustin Kruger, umphumo we-Dunning-Kruger luhlobo lweengcamango ezinokubangela ukuba abantu bagqithise ulwazi lwabo okanye amandla abo, ngakumbi kwiindawo abangenazo amava.

Kwingqondo, igama elithi "ukuthanda icala" libhekisa kwiinkolelo ezingenasiseko uninzi lwethu olunazo, amaxesha amaninzi singaqondanga. Ukhetho lokuqonda lufana namabala angaboniyo.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane okungakumbi malunga nefuthe le-Dunning-Kruger, kubandakanya imizekelo yemihla ngemihla kunye nendlela yokuyiqonda ebomini bakho.

Yintoni isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger?

Isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger sicebisa ukuba xa singazi nto, asiqapheli ukuswela kwethu ulwazi. Ngamanye amagama, asazi into esingayaziyo.

Ycinge. Ukuba awuzange ufunde ikhemistri okanye uhambe ngenqwelomoya okanye wakhe indlu, ungachonga njani ngokuchanekileyo into ongayaziyo ngesihloko?

Le ngcamango inokuvakala iqhelekile, nokuba awuzange uve amagama athi Dunning okanye Kruger. Ewe, ezi zicatshulwa zilandelayo zidumileyo zibonisa ukuba olu luvo kudala luhleli:

Iingcaphuno malunga nolwazi

• "Ulwazi lokwenene kukwazi ubungakanani bokungazi." - UConfucius
• Ukungazi kuhlala kuzithemba ngaphezu kolwazi. ”
  -Charles Darwin
• "Okukhona ufunda, kokukhona uyaqonda ukuba awazi." - Ayaziwa
• Ukufunda kancinci kuyinto eyingozi. ” -Alexander Pope
• Isidenge sizicingela ukuba silumkile, ke sona isilumko siyazazi ukuba sisidenge.
  -UWilliam Shakespeare

Ukubeka nje, kufuneka okungenani sibe nolwazi oluthile ngesihloko ukuze sikwazi ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo into esingayaziyo.

Kodwa u-Dunning no-Kruger bathatha ezi zimvo inyathelo elinye ukuya phambili, becebisa ukuba kokukhona singenabuchule kwindawo ethile, kokukhona sinokungazibaxi ubuchule bethu.

Igama eliphambili apha "ngokungazi." Abo bachaphazelekayo abazi ukuba batyhola amandla abo.

Imizekelo yempembelelo ye-Dunning-Kruger

Umsebenzi

Emsebenzini, isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger singenza kube nzima ebantwini ukuba babone kwaye balungise ukusebenza kwabo okungalunganga.

Kungenxa yoko le nto abaqeshi beqhuba uphononongo lwentsebenzo, kodwa ayingabo bonke abasebenzi abasamkelayo isigxeko esakhayo.

Kuyalingana ukufikelela kwisizathu-umvavanyi akayithandi, umzekelo-ngokuchasene nokuqonda kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo ongazi ukuba ubunazo.

Ezopolitiko

Abaxhasi bamaqela ezopolitiko aphikisayo bahlala babambe iimbono ezahlukileyo. Uphononongo lwango-2013 lwacela amaqela ezopolitiko ukuba alinganise ulwazi lwawo lwemigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo yezentlalo. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abantu bathambekele ekuboniseni ukuzithemba kubuchule babo bezopolitiko.

Iingcaciso zabo zemigaqo-nkqubo ethile kunye nezi zimvo kamva ziveze ukuba kuncinci kangakanani abakwaziyo, okunokuthi kuchazwe ubuncinci ngenxalenye yesiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger.

Ukufika mva

Ngaba uhlala unethemba xa ucwangcisa usuku lwakho? Uninzi lwethu lwenza izicwangciso zokwandisa imveliso, kwaye emva koko sifumanise ukuba asinakho ukufezekisa konke ebesizimisele ukukwenza.

Oku kunokuba ngenxa yempembelelo ye-Dunning-Kruger, apho sikholelwa ukuba singcono kwimisebenzi ethile kwaye ke sinokuyiphumeza ngokukhawuleza kunokuba sinako.

Malunga nophando

Uphando lwantlandlolo lukaDunning noKruger lwapapashwa kwiJenali yoBuntu kunye neNtlalontle yezeNtlalo ngo-1999.

Uphando lwabo lubandakanye izifundo ezine zokuvavanya ubuchule babathathi-nxaxheba kunye nobuchule obubonakalayo kuburharha, ukuqiqa okuvakalayo, kunye negrama yesiNgesi.

Kwisifundo segrama, umzekelo, abafundi base-Cornell abangama-84 bacelwa ukuba bagqibe uvavanyo lokuvavanya ulwazi lwabo lwe-American Standard Written English (ASWE). Bacelwa ke ukuba balinganise amandla abo egrama kunye nokusebenza kovavanyo.

Abo bafumana amanqaku asezantsi kuvavanyo (i-10th percentile) bathambekele ekugqithiseni kakhulu amandla abo egrama (67th percentile) kunye namanqaku ovavanyo (61st percentile).

Ngokwahlukileyo, abo bafumana amanqaku aphezulu kuvavanyo bathambekele ekubeni ukujongela phantsi ubuchule babo kunye nenqaku lovavanyo.

Kumashumi eminyaka okoko kwapapashwa olu phando, ezinye izifundo ezininzi ziye zavelisa iziphumo ezifanayo.

Iziphumo ze-Dunning-Kruger zibhaliwe kwimimandla ukusukela kubukrelekrele bemvakalelo kunye nokufunyanwa kolwimi lwesibini kulwazi lwewayini kunye nentshukumo yokuchasana nogonyo.

Unobangela wesiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger

Kutheni le nto abantu bezithathela ingqalelo kubuchule babo?

Kwisahluko sika-2011 esivela kwiNtuthuko kwiNzululwazi yezeNtlalontle yezeNtlalontle, u-Dunning ucebisa "umthwalo ophindwe kabini" onxulunyaniswa nobuchule obuphantsi kwisifundo esinikiweyo.

Ngaphandle kobuchule, kunzima ukwenza kakuhle. Kwaye kunzima yazi awuqhubi kakuhle ngaphandle kokuba unobungcali.

Khawufane ucinge uthabathe uvavanyo olunokhetho oluninzi kwisihloko osaziyo ecaleni kwento. Ufunda imibuzo kwaye ukhethe impendulo ebonakala inengqiqo.

Ungaqiniseka njani ukuba zeziphi iimpendulo ezichanekileyo? Ngaphandle kolwazi olufunekayo ukukhetha impendulo echanekileyo, awunako ukuvavanya ukuba zichanekile kangakanani iimpendulo zakho.

Iingcali zengqondo zibiza ukukwazi ukuvavanya ulwazi-kunye nezikhewu kulwazi-ukuqonda. Ngokubanzi, abantu abanolwazi kwidomeyini enikiweyo banokukwazi ukuqonda okungcono kunabantu abangenalwazi kuloo thambeka.

Indlela yokuyiqonda

Iingqondo zethu zinzima ukukhangela iipateni kwaye zithathe iindlela ezimfutshane, ezisinceda ukuba siqhubekeke ngokukhawuleza ngolwazi kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Rhoqo, ezi patheni kunye neendlela ezimfutshane zikhokelela kukhetho.

Uninzi lwabantu alunangxaki yokuqonda oku kucalucalulo-kubandakanya nefuthe le-Dunning-Kruger- kubahlobo babo, kumalungu osapho, nakubasebenzi.

Kodwa inyani kukuba isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger sichaphazela wonke umntu, kubandakanya nawe. Akukho namnye onokubanga ubungcali kuyo yonke imimandla. Unokuba yingcali kwiindawo ezininzi kwaye usenezikhewu zolwazi kwezinye iindawo.

Ngaphezu koko, isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger asilophawu lobukrelekrele obuphantsi. Abantu abakrelekrele nabo bayayifumana le nto.

Inyathelo lokuqala lokuqonda esi siphumo yinto osele uyenza. Ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nefuthe le-Dunning-Kruger kunokukunceda ukhombe xa kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenza ebomini bakho.

Ukoyisa isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger

Kwisifundo sabo sango-1999, uDunning noKruger bafumanise ukuba uqeqesho lwenza ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba babone ngokuchanekileyo ubuchule kunye nokusebenza kwabo. Ngamanye amagama, ukufunda ngakumbi ngesihloko esithile kunokukunceda ubone into ongayaziyo.

Nazi ezinye iingcebiso onokuzisebenzisa xa ucinga ukuba isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger siyadlala:

• Thatha ixesha lakho. Abantu bathanda ukuzithemba ngakumbi xa besenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ufuna ukunqanda isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger, yima kwaye uthathe ixesha lokuphanda izigqibo ze-snap.
• Cela umngeni kumabango akho. Ngaba ucinga ukuba uthatha ngokungakhathali? Musa ukuxhomekeka emathunjini akho ukukuxelela into elungileyo nengalunganga. Dlala ummeli kamtyholi kunye nawe: Ngaba unokuza nengxabano okanye ukuphika izimvo zakho?
• Guqula indlela oqiqa ngayo. Ngaba usebenzisa ingcinga efanayo kuyo yonke imibuzo okanye ingxaki odibana nayo? Ukuzama izinto ezintsha kunokukunceda uphume kwiipateni eziza kunyusa ukuzithemba kwakho kodwa zinciphise ukuqonda kwakho.
• Funda ukuthatha ukugxekwa. Emsebenzini, musa ukugxeka. Phanda amabango ongavumelani nawo ngokucela ubungqina okanye imizekelo yendlela onokuthi uphucule ngayo.
• Umbuzo weembono ezinde malunga nesiqu sakho. Ngaba uhlala uzijonga njengomphulaphuli obalaseleyo? Okanye ulungile kwimathematika? Isiphumo se-Dunning-Kruger sicebisa ukuba kufuneka ubaluleke xa kuziwa ekuvavanyeni ukuba ulunge kangakanani.

Vula ukufunda izinto ezintsha. Ukufuna ukwazi kunye nokuqhubeka nokufunda inokuba zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokujongana nomsebenzi owunikiweyo, isihloko, okanye umxholo kunye nokuthintela umkhethe njengempembelelo ye-Dunning-Kruger.

Ukuthatha

Iziphumo ze-Dunning-Kruger luhlobo lokukhetha kwengqondo okucebisa ukuba singabavavanyi abangamahlwempu kwizithuba kulwazi lwethu.

Wonke umntu uyayifumana ngamanye amaxesha okanye kwenye. Ukufuna ukwazi, ukuvuleleka, kunye nokuzibophelela ebomini ekufundeni kunokukunceda ukunciphisa iziphumo ze-Dunning-Kruger kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.