Kutheni ndisitya oononkala?

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela ukuba abantu batye oononkala?
• Buphi ubungozi bokuchola kunye nokutya ukhwekhwe?
• Luthini unyango lokuchola nokutya ukhwekhwe?
• Unyango lokuziphatha
• Amayeza omlomo
• Imixholo yamayeza
• Ithini imbonakalo yokuchola kunye nokutya ukhoko?

Ushwankathelo

Phantse bonke abantu baya kukhetha i-pimple okanye ukhwekhwe lolusu rhoqo. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, ukukhetha ulusu kubangela ukuba babe noxinzelelo, uxinzelelo kunye neengxaki zempilo. Oku kunokuba njalo xa umntu esihlala ekhetha kwaye esidla ukhwekhwe lwakhe.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba abantu batye oononkala?

Ukuchola kunye nokutya ukhwekhwe kunokuba nezizathu ezininzi ezingunobangela. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu unokukhetha kulusu lwakhe kwaye angaze aqaphele ukuba bayayenza. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu unokukhetha kulusu lwakhe:

• njengesixhobo sokujongana nexhala, umsindo, okanye usizi
• njengempendulo kwiziqendu ezinzulu zoxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo
• ukukruquka okanye umkhwa
• ngenxa yembali yosapho yale meko

Ngamanye amaxesha umntu unokuziva ekhululekile xa ekhetha kwaye esidla ukhwekhwe lwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mvakalelo zihlala zilandelwa ziintloni kunye nokuziva unetyala.

Oogqirha babhekisa kukuphindaphindeka kokuchonga ulusu njengokuziphatha okuphindayo okujolise emzimbeni (BFRBs). Zenzeka xa umntu echola ulusu ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye uhlala enezibongozo kunye neengcinga zokuchola kulusu, kubandakanya ukukha ukhwekhwe. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya ukuphinda-phinda ukutsala iinwele kunye nokutya okanye ukukhetha iinzipho.

Esi sifo sihlala sithathwa njengesifo esinganyanzelekanga (OCD). Umntu one-OCD uneengcinga ezingafunekiyo, izibongozo kunye nokuziphatha okunokuphazamisa ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ii-BFRBs zinokubakho kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemifanekiso yomzimba kunye nokugcina.

Okwangoku, ukuthathwa kolusu (kubandakanya ukutya ukhwekhwe) kudweliswe phantsi “kokunyanzelwa okukhoyo kunye nokuphazamiseka okunxulumene noko” kwiDiagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-V). Esi sisikhokelo esisetyenziswa ngoogqirha bengqondo ukufumanisa ukuphazamiseka kwezonyango.

Ngokwe-TLC Foundation yeZinto eziPhindaphindayo eziJolise kuMzimba, uninzi lwabantu luqala i-BFRB phakathi kweminyaka eli-11 ukuya kweli-15 ubudala. Ukucholwa kolusu kuqala kuqala kubudala beminyaka eli-14 ukuya kweli-15. Nangona kunjalo, umntu unokuyifumana imeko nakweyiphi na iminyaka.

Buphi ubungozi bokuchola kunye nokutya ukhwekhwe?

Ukuphazamiseka okubandakanya ukukha nokutya ukhwekhwe kunokukuchaphazela ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo. Abanye abantu bakhetha ulusu lwabo ngenxa yoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, okanye lo mkhwa unokubakhokelela ekubeni bazive ezi mvakalelo. Banokuphepha iimeko zentlalo kunye nemisebenzi ebandakanya ukuveza iindawo zomzimba wabo abazikhethileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukungayi kwiindawo ezinjengelwandle, iphuli, okanye umthambo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umntu azive elilolo.

Ukongeza kwiziphumo zayo kwimpilo yengqondo, ukukhetha kunye nokutya ukhwekhwe kunokubangela:

• izilonda
• usulelo lolusu
• izilonda ezingaphilisiyo

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, umntu unokukhetha ukhwekhwe kakhulu kangangokuba amanxeba abo esikhumba abe nzulu kwaye asuleleke. Oku kunokufuna unyango lotyando ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo olusasazekayo.

Luthini unyango lokuchola nokutya ukhwekhwe?

Ukuba awukwazi ukuyeka ukukha nokutya ukhwekhwe uwedwa, kufuneka ufune unyango. Ungaqala ngonyango lwakho lokuqala okanye ugqirha wezifo zengqondo ukuba unayo.

Unyango lokuziphatha

Iingcali zonyango zingasebenzisa iindlela, ezinje ngokunyanga ngokuziphatha (CBT), ezinokubandakanya ukwamkelwa kunye nokuzibophelela kunyango (UMTHETHO).

Olunye ukhetho lonyango kukunyanga ngokuziphatha (DBT). Le ndlela yonyango ineemodyuli ezine ezenzelwe ukunceda umntu onesifo esichaphazela ulusu:

• ingqondo
• ummiselo weemvakalelo
• ukunyamezeleka koxinzelelo
• ukusebenza ngokukuko

Umxholo wokukhumbula kubandakanya ukwazi ukuba kunokubakho ukhoko olunokubangela kunye nokwamkela xa iminqweno yokukhetha okanye yokutya ukhoko lwenzeka.

Ummiselo weemvakalelo ubandakanya ukunceda umntu ukuba achonge iimvakalelo zakhe ukuze ke bazame ukutshintsha indlela abajonga ngayo okanye iimvakalelo zesenzo.

Ukunyamezeleka koxinzelelo kuxa umntu efunda ukunyamezela iimvakalelo zakhe kwaye amkele iminqweno yakhe ngaphandle kokunikezela kwaye abuyele ekukhetheni nasekutyeni ukhwekhwe.

Ukusebenza ngokukuko kungabandakanya unyango losapho olunokuthi luncede umntu ochola nokutya ukhwekhwe. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kunyango lweqela kunokunceda ukufundisa amalungu osapho ngendlela abanokuthi bamxhase ngayo umntu abamthandayo.

Amayeza omlomo

Ukongeza kwiindlela zonyango, ugqirha unokuyalela amayeza ukuthomalalisa uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo olunokubangela ukukhetha ulusu.

Akukho nyango lubonakalisiweyo ukunciphisa izehlo zokutya ukhoko. Ngamanye amaxesha kungafuneka uzame amayeza ahlukeneyo okanye indibaniselwano yamayeza ukumisela ukuba yeyiphi efanelekileyo. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• I-escitalopram (iLexapro)
• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• i-sertraline (iZoloft)
• iparoxetine (Paxil)

La mayeza akhetha i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), enceda ekwenzeni ukuba i-neurotransmitter serotonin ifumaneke. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha baya kumisela amayeza okunyanga i-lamotrigine (Lamictal) ukunciphisa imeko yokucholwa kolusu.

Imixholo yamayeza

Ezinye izinto ezibangela ukukhetha kunye nokutya ukhoko kukurhawuzelela okanye ukutshisa ulusu. Ngenxa yoko, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba usebenzise unyango lwesihloko ukunciphisa ezi mvakalelo.

I-antihistamine cream okanye ii-topical steroids zinokunciphisa ukurhawuzelela. Isithambisi se-anesthetic cream (njenge-lidocaine) okanye ii-astringents zisenokunceda ekunciphiseni iimvakalelo ezinokukhokelela ekukhetheni oononkala.

Ungafumanisa ukuba ungayeka ukukha ulusu okwethutyana (uxolelo), kodwa uphinde uqalise ngokuziphatha kamva (uphinde ubuye). Ngenxa yoku, kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ngonyango kunye nonyango olufumanekayo ukunyanga ukukhetha isikhumba. Ukuba ukubuyela umva kuyenzeka, bona ugqirha. Uncedo luyafumaneka.

Ithini imbonakalo yokuchola kunye nokutya ukhoko?

Iimeko zempilo yengqondo ezinjengeBFRB zithathwa njengeemeko ezingapheliyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho unyango oluzilawulayo, kodwa imeko inokuhlala ixesha elide-nokuba yeyobomi bonke.

Ukuzifundisa malunga nezinto ezibangela iimpawu zakho kunye nonyango olukhoyo ngoku lunokukunceda ukuba uqale ujongane nengxaki.

Ungandwendwela i-TLC Foundation yeZinto eziPhindaphindayo eziJolise kuMzimba kulwazi lwamva nje kunye nophando malunga nokuziphatha kokukhethwa kolusu.