Konke malunga nokuphazamiseka kwe-Electrolyte

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• Izizathu zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• Iindidi zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• Ikhalsiyam
• Ikloride
• Magnesium
• Iphosphate
• Potassium
• Isodium
• Ukuchonga ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• Ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• Ulwelo olungena ngaphakathi (IV)
• Amayeza athile e-IV
• Amayeza omlomo kunye nezongezelelo
• Uhlalutyo lweHemodialysis
• Imiba yomngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• Ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Ukuqonda ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Ii-Electrolyte zizinto nezihlanganisi ezenzeka ngokwendalo emzimbeni. Balawula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba.

Imizekelo yee-electrolyte ibandakanya:

• calcium
• ikloride
• nemagniziyam
• iphosphate
• potassium
• isodiyam

Ezi zinto zikhona egazini lakho, ulwelo lomzimba, kunye nomchamo. Baye badla ngokutya, iziselo, kunye nezongezo.

Ingxaki ye-electrolyte yenzeka xa amanqanaba e-electrolyte emzimbeni wakho aphezulu kakhulu okanye aphantsi kakhulu. I-Electrolyte kufuneka igcinwe ngokulinganayo ukuze umzimba wakho usebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphandle koko, iinkqubo zomzimba ezibalulekileyo zinokuchaphazeleka.

Ukungalingani okukhulu kwe-electrolyte kunokubangela iingxaki ezinje nge-coma, ukuxhuzula, kunye nokubanjwa kwentliziyo.

Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Iindlela ezinobulali zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte akunakubangela naziphi na iimpawu. Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kunokungabonakali de kube kufunyenwe ngexesha lovavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Iimpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala nje ukuba isifo esithile sibe nzima kakhulu.

Ayizizo zonke ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte okubangela iimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa uninzi lwabelana ngeempawu ezifanayo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo se-electrolyte zibandakanya:

• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga
• ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
• ukudinwa
• ukungakhathali
• ukuxhuzula okanye ukuxhuzula
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• urhudo okanye ukuqhina
• ukuxinwa esiswini
• ukuxhamla izihlunu
• ubuthathaka bemisipha
• ukucaphuka
• ukudideka
• intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuba ndindisholo nokubetha

Biza ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu kwaye ukrokrela ukuba unokuba nengxaki ye-electrolyte. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Electrolyte kunokuba sesichengeni sobomi ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa.

Izizathu zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Electrolyte kuhlala kubangelwa kukuphulukana nolwelo lomzimba ngokugabha ixesha elide, urhudo, okanye ukubila. Banokukhula ngenxa yokulahleka kolwelo olunxulumene nokutsha.

Amanye amayeza anokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte. Kwezinye iimeko, izifo ezibangelwa zizifo, ezinjengesifo esibuhlungu okanye esinganyangekiyo sezintso, kufuneka zibekw 'ityala.

Isizathu ngqo sinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte.

Iindidi zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Amanqanaba aphakamileyo e-electrolyte aboniswa ngesimaphambili esithi "hyper-." Amanqanaba agqityiweyo e-electrolyte aboniswe nge "hypo-."

Imiqathango ebangelwa kukungalingani kwinqanaba le-electrolyte ibandakanya:

• calcium: hypercalcemia kunye hypocalcemia
• chloride: hyperchloremia kunye hypochloremia
• i-magnesium: i-hypermagnesemia kunye ne-hypomagnesemia
• phosphate: hyperphosphatemia okanye hypophosphatemia
• potassium: hyperkalemia kunye hypokalemia
• Isodiyam: hypernatremia kunye hyponatremia

Ikhalsiyam

I-calcium sisimbiwa esibalulekileyo esisetyenziswa ngumzimba wakho ukuzinzisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokulawula ukusasazeka kwemisipha. Isetyenziselwa ukwakha amathambo kunye namazinyo omeleleyo.

I-Hypercalcemia yenzeka xa une-calcium eninzi egazini. Oku kuhlala kubangelwa:

• isifo sezintso
• iingxaki ze-thyroid, kuquka i-hyperparathyroidism
• izifo zemiphunga, ezinjengesifo sephepha okanye isarcoidosis
• iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, kubandakanya umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nomhlaza wamabele
• ukusebenzisa kakhulu ii-antacids kunye ne-calcium okanye ivithamin D
• amayeza afana ne-lithium, theophylline, okanye iipilisi ezithile zamanzi

I-Hypocalcemia yenzeka ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-calcium eyaneleyo kwigazi. Izizathu zingabandakanya:

• ukusilela kwezintso
• hypoparathyroidism
• Ukunqongophala kwe-vitamin D
• ukudumba komzimba
• umhlaza wedlala lobudoda
• malabsorption
• amayeza athile, kubandakanya i-heparin, iziyobisi i-osteoporosis, kunye neziyobisi ze-antiepileptic

Ikloride

I-chloride iyimfuneko ukugcina ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lwamanzi emzimbeni.

Ihyperchloremia yenzeka xa kukho i-chloride eninzi emzimbeni. Inokwenzeka ngenxa:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• ukusilela kwezintso
• dialysis

I-Hypochloremia ikhula xa kukho i-chloride encinci emzimbeni. Idla ngokubangelwa ziingxaki zesodiyam okanye zepotassium.

Ezinye izizathu zingabandakanya:

• icystic fibrosis
• iingxaki zokutya, ezinje ngeanorexia amanosa
• Unomadudwane
• ukusilela kwezintso

Magnesium

I-Magnesium sisimbiwa esibalulekileyo esilawula imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo, enje:

• ukunciphisa umsipha
• isingqisho sentliziyo
• umsebenzi we-nerve

I-Hypermagnesemia ithetha isixa esigqithisileyo semagniziyam. Esi sifo sichaphazela ikakhulu abantu abanesifo iAddison kunye nesifo sesifo sokugqibela.

I-Hypomagnesemia kuthetha ukuba ne-magnesium encinci emzimbeni. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala
• ukungondleki
• malabsorption
• urhudo olungapheliyo
• ukubila okugqithisileyo
• ukumelwa yintliziyo
• amayeza athile, kubandakanya ezinye i-diuretics kunye ne-antibiotics

Iphosphate

Izintso, amathambo, kunye namathumbu asebenza ukulinganisa amanqanaba e-phosphate emzimbeni. Iphosphate iyimfuneko kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwaye inxibelelana ngokusondeleyo necalcium.

Hyperphosphatemia inokwenzeka ngenxa:

• amanqanaba e-calcium ephantsi
• isifo esinganyangekiyo sezintso
• ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla
• ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamadlala
• ukwenzakala kakhulu kwezihlunu
• I-tumor lysis syndrome, ingxaki yonyango lomhlaza
• ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ezinephosphate

Amanqanaba asezantsi e-phosphate, okanye i-hypophosphatemia, anokubonwa ku:

• ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala
• ukutsha kakhulu
• indlala
• Ukunqongophala kwe-vitamin D
• amadlala asebenzayo kakhulu
• amayeza athile, afana notyando (IV) unyango lwentsimbi, niacin (Niacor, Niaspan), kunye nezinye ii-antacids

Potassium

I-Potassium ibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukusebenza kwentliziyo. Kuyanceda ukugcina imithambo kunye nezihlunu ezisempilweni.

I-Hyperkalemia inokukhula ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu e-potassium. Le meko inokubulala xa ishiywe ingafunyaniswanga kwaye inganyangwa. Idla ngokwenziwa ngu:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• ukusilela kwezintso
• acidosis kakhulu, kuquka ketoacidosis seswekile
• amayeza athile, kubandakanya amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-diuretics
• ukungabikho kwe-adrenal, kulapho amanqanaba akho e-cortisol asezantsi kakhulu

I-Hypokalemia yenzeka xa amanqanaba e-potassium ephantsi kakhulu. Oku kuhlala kusenzeka ngenxa:

• iingxaki zokutya
• ukugabha kakhulu okanye urhudo
• ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• amayeza athile, kubandakanya i-laxatives, i-diuretics, kunye ne-corticosteroids

Isodium

Isodiyam iyimfuneko ukuze umzimba ugcine ulungelelwaniso lwamanzi kwaye kubalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba okuqhelekileyo. Kuyanceda ukulawula ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nokuncipha kwemisipha.

I-Hypernatremia yenzeka xa kukho isodiyam eninzi egazini. Amanqanaba aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga esodiyam kunokubangelwa:

• ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okungonelanga
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• Ukuphulukana kakhulu nolwelo lomzimba ngenxa yokugabha okungapheliyo, urhudo, ukubila, okanye isifo sokuphefumla
• amayeza athile, kubandakanya i-corticosteroids

I-Hyponatremia ikhula xa kukho isodium. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zamanqanaba aphantsi e-sodium aquka:

• ukulahleka kolwelo kakhulu kulusu ngenxa yokubila okanye ukutsha
• ukugabha okanye urhudo
• ukungondleki
• ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala
• ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• idlala lengqula, hypothalamic, okanye adrenal
• ukusilela kwesibindi, intliziyo, okanye izintso
• amayeza athile, kubandakanya amayeza omchamo kunye nokuthimba
• Isifo sokufihlwa okungafanelekanga kwehomoni ye-antidiuretic (SIADH)

Ukuchonga ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Uvavanyo lwegazi olulula lunokulinganisa amanqanaba ee-electrolyte emzimbeni wakho. Uvavanyo lwegazi olujonga umsebenzi wakho wezintso lubalulekile ngokunjalo.

Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo lomzimba okanye u-odole uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukungahambi kakuhle kwesifo se-electrolyte. Olu vavanyo longezelelweyo luya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko ekuthethwa ngayo.

Umzekelo, i-hypernatremia (i-sodium eninzi) inokubangela ukulahleka kobuthathaka eluswini ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ugqirha wakho unokukwenza uvavanyo lwepinki ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kuyakuchaphazela.

Banokuvavanya uvavanyo lwakho, njengoko omabini amanqanaba anyukayo kunye nokuphela kwezinye ii-electrolyte anokuchaphazela ukucinga.

I-electrocardiogram (i-ECG okanye i-EKG), ukulandelwa kombane kwentliziyo yakho, kunokuba luncedo ukujonga ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo, isingqisho, okanye i-ECG okanye utshintsho lwe-EKG oluziswa ziingxaki ze-electrolyte.

Ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesifo se-electrolyte kunye nemeko ebangela oko.

Ngokubanzi, unyango oluthile lusetyenziselwa ukubuyisela ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lweeminerali emzimbeni. Oku kubandakanya:

Ulwelo olungena ngaphakathi (IV)

Intravenous (IV) ulwelo, oluqhelekileyo lwe-sodium chloride, lunokunceda ukubuyisela umzimba emzimbeni. Olu nyango luqhele ukusetyenziswa kwimeko yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokugabha okanye urhudo. Izongezo ze-Electrolyte zinokongezwa kulwelo lwe-IV ukulungisa ukusilela.

Amayeza athile e-IV

Amayeza e-IV anokunceda umzimba wakho ukuba ubuyisele ibhalansi ye-electrolyte ngokukhawuleza. Banokukukhusela nakwiziphumo ezibi ngelixa uphathwa ngenye indlela.

Amayeza owafumanayo aya kuxhomekeka kwisifo onaso. Amayeza anokuthi alawulwe afaka i-calcium gluconate, i-magnesium chloride, kunye ne-potassium chloride.

Amayeza omlomo kunye nezongezelelo

Amayeza omlomo kunye nezongezelelo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa ukungaqheleki kwezimbiwa emzimbeni wakho. Oku kuqheleke ngakumbi ukuba ufunyaniswe unesifo sezintso esiqhubekayo.

Kuxhomekeka kwisifo sakho se-electrolyte, unokufumana amayeza okanye izongezo ezinje:

• calcium (gluconate, carbonate, citrate, okanye lactate
• i-magnesium oxide
• potassium chloride
• izibophelelo ze-phosphate, ezibandakanya i-sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel), i-lanthanum (i-Fosrenol), kunye nonyango olusekwe kwi-calcium efana ne-calcium carbonate

Banokunceda ukubuyisela ii-electrolyte eziphelelweyo okwexeshana okanye ixesha elide, kuxhomekeka kwisizathu sokuphazamiseka kwakho. Nje ukuba ukungalingani kulungisiwe, ugqirha wakho uya kunyanga oyena nobangela.

Nangona ezinye izongezo zinokuthengwa ekhawuntarini, uninzi lwabantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwi-electrolyte bafumana iyeza lezongezo kugqirha wabo.

Uhlalutyo lweHemodialysis

I-Hemodialysis luhlobo lwe-dialysis esebenzisa umatshini ukususa inkunkuma egazini lakho.

Enye indlela yokuhambisa igazi kwezi ntso ezingezizo kukuba ugqirha wakho enze uqhaqho, okanye indawo yokungena, kwimithambo yegazi lakho.

Indawo yokungena iya kuvumela inani elikhulu legazi ukuba lihambe emzimbeni wakho ngexesha lonyango lwe-hemodialysis. Oku kuthetha ukuba igazi elininzi lingacocwa kwaye lihlanjululwe.

I-Hemodialysis inokusetyenziswa xa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte kubangelwa ngumonakalo wezintso ngequbuliso kwaye ezinye iindlela zonyango azisebenzi. Ugqirha wakho unokuthatha isigqibo kunyango lwe-hemodialysis ukuba ingxaki ye-electrolyte iye yasongela ubomi.

Imiba yomngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Nabani na onokukhula ngengxaki ye-electrolyte. Abanye abantu basemngciphekweni okhulayo ngenxa yembali yabo yonyango. Imiqathango eyandisa umngcipheko we-electrolyte disorder iquka:

• ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala
• ukuqina kwesibindi
• ukusilela kwentliziyo
• isifo sezintso
• iingxaki zokutya, ezinje ngeanorexia kunye ne bulimia
• umothuko, njengokutsha kakhulu okanye ukwaphuka kwamathambo
• iingxaki zedlala lengqula
• Iingxaki ze-adrenal gland

Ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Landela eli cebiso ukunceda ukunqanda ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte:

• hlala unkcenkceshelwe xa ufumana ukugabha ixesha elide, urhudo, okanye ukubila
• ndwendwela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ufumana iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo se-electrolyte

Ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte kubangelwa ngamayeza okanye iimeko eziphantsi, ugqirha wakho uya kulungelelanisa amayeza akho kwaye anyange unobangela. Oku kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte yexa elizayo.