Iprotein Electrophoresis: yeyantoni kwaye ungasiqonda njani isiphumo

Umxholo

• Yenzelwe ntoni
• Kwenziwa njani
• Usiqonda njani iziphumo
• Ialbhamu
• IAlfa-1-globulin
• IAlfa-2-globulin
• I-Beta-1-globulin
• I-Beta-2-globulin
• IGamma-globulin

Iprotein electrophoresis luvavanyo oluceliwe ngugqirha ngenjongo yokuphanda izifo ezinokuthi zikhokelele kutshintsho kwinani leeproteni ezijikeleza egazini, zithathwa njengelinye leemviwo eziphambili eziceliweyo zophando kunye nokufumanisa isifo se-myeloma.

Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kwisampulu yegazi, eya kwinkqubo yesenti yokufumana iplasma, apho kufumaneka khona iiproteni. Ezi proteni ziye emva koko zihlukane ngokwendlela yombane kunye nobunzima beemolekyuli, okukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwepateni yebhanti kwaye, emva koko, igrafu ebaluleke kakhulu ekutolikeni koviwo ngugqirha.

Iiproteni ezivavanywa kolu vavanyo zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle komzimba, kuba zisebenza kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kwinkqubo yokuqina kunye nokuphendula komzimba, ukongeza ekubeni nako ukuthwala iimolekyuli kwindawo yazo yokusebenza. Ke, utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwabo kunokubonisa izifo. Phakathi kweeproteni ezivavanyiweyo yialbumin, ialpha-glycoproteins, i-beta-glycoproteins kunye ne-gamma-glycoproteins.

Yenzelwe ntoni

Iprotein electrophoresis iyacelwa ngugqirha ukuba ajonge ubungakanani beprotein emzimbeni kwaye, ke, aphande utshintsho olunokwenzeka kunye nezifo, akwazi ukuqala unyango kwangoko, ukuba kunjalo. Ezinye zeemeko apho ugqirha anoku-odola khona kunye neprotein electrophoresis kuxa kukho imiqondiso kunye neempawu ezicebisayo:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni;
• Multiple myeloma;
• Ukudumba;
• Ukudumba;
• Inkqubo ye lupus erythematosus;
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi;
• Ascites;
• Glomerulonephritis;
• Isifo sikaCushing;
• Emphysema;
• Izifo zesibindi;
• Anemia;
• Ipancreatitis.

Ukongeza kwezi meko, olu vavanyo lunokucelwa xa umntu efumana unyango lwe-estrogen okanye xa ekhulelwe, njengoko kwezi meko kunokubakho utshintsho kumanqanaba eprotheni, kubalulekile ukuba ujonge iproteni eguqulweyo kwaye usebenzise amanyathelo kunye nokubuyela umva imeko.

Kwenziwa njani

Iprotein electrophoresis yenziwa ngokuqokelela isampulu yegazi emntwini yingcali eqeqeshiweyo kwaye akukho lungiselelo luyimfuneko. Isampulu efunyenweyo ithunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze kubekho ukwahlukana phakathi kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neplasma. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuqokelela umchamo weeyure ezingama-24 kunokwenziwa ukukhangela inani leprotein ekhutshwe kumchamo emini, efunwa ngakumbi ngugqirha xa kukho iingxaki zezintso.

I-plasma ke ibekwa kwi-agarose gel okanye kwi-cellulose acetate kunye nedayi kunye nokumakisha kwiprotheni nganye emva koko kufakwa umbane ukuze kukhuthazwe ukwahlulwa kweeproteni ngokwamandla ombane wazo, ubukhulu kunye nemolekyuli. ubunzima. Emva kokwahlukana, iiproteni zinokuboniswa kusetyenziswa ipateni yebhanti, ebonisa ubukho okanye ukungabikho kweeproteni.

Emva koko, ezi proteni ziyalinganiswa kwisixhobo esithile, esibizwa ngokuba yi-densitometer, apho kujongwa khona iiprotein ezisegazini, kunye nexabiso leepesenti kunye nexabiso elipheleleyo leqhezu leprotheni nganye ebonisiweyo kwingxelo, ukongeza kwigrafu, kubalulekile ukuqonda okungcono ngugqirha kunye nesigulana sesiphumo sovavanyo.

Usiqonda njani iziphumo

Iziphumo zovavanyo lweprotein electrophoresis kufuneka lutolikwe ngugqirha, ovavanya ixabiso elipheleleyo kunye nexabiso leeproteni, ukongeza kwigrafu ekhutshwe kwingxelo.

Iziphumo zibonise amaqhekeza eprotein, okt amaxabiso afunyenwe kwialbumin, alpha-1-globulin, alpha-2-globulin, beta-1-globulin, beta-2-globulin kunye gamma-globulin. Ngokubhekisele kwipateni yebhanti, ihlala ingakhutshwa kwingxelo, ishiyeke kuphela elebhu kwaye ifumaneka kugqirha.

Ialbhamu

Ialbumin yiprotein yeplasma ekhoyo ngobuninzi kwaye iveliswa esibindini, isenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, njengokuhambisa iihomoni, iivithamini kunye nezakha mzimba, ukulawula i-pH kunye nolawulo lwe-osmotic yomzimba. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-albhamuin kwisibindi kuxhomekeke kwisimo somntu, isantya sokujikeleza kwehomoni kunye negazi le-pH. Ke, inani le-albin kwiprotein electrophoresis ibonisa imeko yesondlo ngokubanzi yomntu kwaye ivumela ukufumanisa utshintsho olunokwenzeka kwisibindi okanye kwizintso.

Ixabiso lesalathiso kwi-electrophoresis (ingahluka ngokwelabhoratri): 4.01 ukuya ku-4.78 g / dL; 55.8 ukuya kuma-66.1%

Ukwanda kwealbhamu: Ukonyuka kwamanqanaba ealbumin kwenzeka ikakhulu njengesiphumo sokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni, kodwa kungengenxa yokuba bekukho ukwanda kwimveliso yale protein, kodwa ngenxa yokuba inani lamanzi lincinci kwaye, ngenxa yoko, umthamo wegazi, ke ngoko, amanqanaba aphezulu ealbumin iqinisekisiwe.

Ukunciphisa i-albhamuin: I-albhamuin ithathwa njengeprotein yesigaba esibi, okt, kwiimeko zokudumba, kukho ukwehla kwamanqanaba ealbumin. Ngenxa yoko, ukwehla kwe-albhamuin kunokwenzeka kwiimeko zesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-edema, i-ascites, ukusilela kwesondlo kunye nokuqina kwesibindi, apho isibindi sengozini kwaye i-albhamuin synthesis iyonakala.

Funda kabanzi malunga nealbumin.

IAlfa-1-globulin

Inxalenye yealpha-1-globulin iqulathe iiproteni ezininzi, ezona ziphambili I-alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGA) kwaye i I-alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT). I-AGA ithatha inxaxheba ekwenziweni kwemicu ye-collagen kwaye inoxanduva lokuthintela ukusebenza kweentsholongwane kunye neeparasites, ke ngoko zinendima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamajoni omzimba. Njenge-AGA, i-AAT nayo ibaluleke kakhulu kumajoni omzimba.

Ixabiso lesalathiso kwi-electrophoresis (ingahluka ngokwelabhoratri): 0.22 ukuya kwi-0.41 g / dL; 2.9 ukuya kwi-4.9%

Ukonyusa i-alpha-1-globulin: Ukwanda iiproteni kweli qhezu kwenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa ukudumba kunye nosulelo. Ke, amanqanaba aphezulu e-alpha-1-globulin anokubonisa i-neoplasms, isifo sikaCushing, isifo samathambo, ukukhulelwa kunye ne-vasculitis, ukongeza ekubeni nakho ukonyuka njengesiphumo sonyango kunye ne-estrogens okanye i-corticosteroids.

Ukwehla kwe-alpha-1-globulin: Ukwehla kunokwenzeka ngenxa nephrotic syndrome, isifo sesibindi, emphysema, ukuqina kunye carcinoma hepatocellular.

IAlfa-2-globulin

Iqhezu le-alpha-2-globulin lenziwe ziiproteni ezintathu eziphambili: iceruloplasmin (CER), a haptoglobin (hpt) kwaye i imacroglobulin (AMG), oxinzelelo lwayo lunokunyuka ngenxa yeenkqubo zokukrala nosulelo.

I-Ceruloplasmin yiprotein eyenziwe sisibindi kwaye inexabiso elikhulu lobhedu ekubunjweni kwayo, evumela ukuba yenze iimpendulo emzimbeni. Ukongeza, i-CER ibalulekile kwinkqubo yokufaka i-iron kwi-transferrin, eyi-protein ejongene nokuhambisa i-iron emzimbeni. Nangona ikwaqwalaselwa njengeprotein yesigaba esibi, amanqanaba e-CER ayacotha ukunyuka.

IHaptoglobin inoxanduva lokuzibophelela ekujikelezeni ihemoglobin kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ikhuthaza ukuthotywa kwayo kunye nokupheliswa kokujikeleza. I-Macroglobulin, kwelinye icala, yenye yeeprotein ezinkulu zeplasma kwaye inoxanduva lokulawula ukudumba kunye nokuchaphazeleka komzimba, ukongeza ekuhambiseni iiproteni ezilula, iipeptides, kunye nokulawula ukudityaniswa kweeproteni zeplasma sisibindi.

Ixabiso lesalathiso kwi-electrophoresis (ingahluka ngokwelabhoratri): 0.58 ukuya ku-0.92 g / dL; 7.1 ukuya kwi-11.8%

Ukonyusa i-alpha-2-globulin: Ukonyuka kweeproteni kweli qhekeza kunokubonisa isifo se-nephrotic, isifo sikaWilson, ukonakala kwesibindi, ukusasazeka kwe-intravascular coagulation kunye ne-cerebral infarction, ukongeza ekubeni nakho ukwanda ngenxa yonyango lwe-estrogen.

Ukwehla kwe-alpha-2-globulin: Ukwehla kwamanqanaba ale proteni kunokwenzeka ngenxa ye-hemolytic anemias, pancreatitis kunye nezifo zemiphunga.

I-Beta-1-globulin

THE ukudlulisa yiprotein ephambili yenxalenye ye-beta-1-globulin kwaye linoxanduva lokuhambisa intsimbi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Ukongeza kwimali enokutshekishwa kwiprotein electrophoresis, uxinzelelo lwe-transferrin egazini lungajongwa kuvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Yazi uviwo lokudluliselwa.

Ixabiso lesalathiso kwi-electrophoresis (ingahluka ngokwelabhoratri): 0.36 ukuya kwi-0.52 g / dL; I-4.9 ukuya kwi-7.2%

Ukonyuka kwe-beta-1-globulin: Ukwanda kwenzeka kwimeko yentswelo ye-anemia, ukukhulelwa, i-jaundice, i-hypothyroidism kunye neswekile.

Ukuncipha kwi-beta-1-globulin: Ukwehla kwesi siqwenga seeproteni asikho rhoqo, nangona kunjalo kunokujongwa kwiinkqubo ezingapheliyo.

I-Beta-2-globulin

Kweli qhezu kukho iiproteni ezimbini eziphambili, i I-beta-2-microglobulin (BMG) kwaye i Iprotheni esebenzayo yeC (CRP). I-BMG ngummakishi womsebenzi weselfowuni, ibalulekile ekufumaneni amathumba e-lymphocytic, umzekelo, ukongeza ekubeni nakho ukusetyenziswa kuklinikhi ngenjongo yokuhamba nesigulana somhlaza, ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango luyasebenza. I-CRP yiprotein ebaluleke kakhulu ekuchongeni usulelo kunye nokudumba, kuba yeyona nto iguqula amanqanaba ayo.

Ixabiso lesalathiso kwi-electrophoresis (ingahluka ngokwelabhoratri): 0.22 ukuya kwi-0.45 g / dL; 3.1 ukuya ku-6.1%

Ukonyuka kwe-beta-2-globulin: Ukwanda kunokwenzeka kwimeko yezifo ezinxulumene nee-lymphocyte, ukudumba kunye nosulelo.

Ukuncipha kwi-beta-2-globulin: Ukwehla kunokuba ngenxa yeengxaki zesibindi, ezithintela ukuhlanganiswa kwezi proteni.

IGamma-globulin

Kweli qhezu leprotein electrophoresis kufunyenwe ii-immunoglobulins, eziziproteni ezijongene nokukhusela umzimba. Qonda indlela amajoni omzimba asebenza ngayo.

Ixabiso lesalathiso kwi-electrophoresis (ingahluka ngokwelabhoratri): 0.72 ukuya ku-1.27 g / dL; 11.1 ukuya kwi-18.8%

Ukwanda kweGamma-globulin: Ukonyuka kweeprotein zamaqhekeza e-gamma-globulin kwenzeka ebusweni bokusuleleka, ukudumba kunye nezifo ezizimela komzimba, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis. Ukongeza, kunokubakho ukonyuka kwimeko ye-lymphoma, i-cirrhosis kunye ne-myeloma eninzi.

Ukuhla kweGamma-globulin: Ngokwesiqhelo, amanqanaba e-immunoglobulin ancitshiswa xa kukho ukunqongophala kwamajoni omzimba ngenxa yezifo ezingapheliyo, umzekelo.